人教版八年级下册英语知识点+练习 教师版(全册10份资料打包).zip

初中（八下）英语教师 版 1 Unit1 what is the matter？ 重点重点 短语: have a stomachache, have a cold, lie down, take ones temperature, go to a doctor, get off, to ones surprise, agree to do sth., get into trouble, fall down, be used to, run out (of), cut off , get out of, be in control of , keep on (doing sth.), give up 句子: 1 Whats the matter? I have a stomachache. You shouldnt eat so much next time. 2 Whats the matter with Ben? He hurt himself. He has a sore back. He should lie down and rest. 3 Do you have a fever? Yes, I do. No, I dont. I dont know. 4 Does he have a toothache? Yes, he does. He should see a dentist and get an X-ray. 5 What should she do? She should take her temperature. 6 Should I put some medicine on it? Yes, you should No, you shouldnt. 难点难点掌握情态动词 should shouldnt. 的用法 初中（八下）英语教师 版 2 学习 have 的用法 表达“疼痛或不舒服”时的常用结构 反身代词的用法 易错点易错点 have 的用法 表达“疼痛或不舒服”时的常用结构 高频考点高频考点 have 的用法 表达“疼痛或不舒服”时的常用结构 matter n.问题；事情 Whats the matter? 怎么了？出什么事了？ sore adj.疼痛的；酸痛的 have a cold 感冒 stomachache n.胃痛；腹痛 have a stomachache 胃痛 foot n.脚；足 neck n.颈；脖子 stomach n.胃；腹部 throat n.咽喉；喉咙 fever n.发烧 lie v.躺，平躺 lie down 躺下 rest v too much B .too many; much too C. too much; too much D. too much ;much too 2.【2013 孝感】Why are you so tired these days? Well, I have ________ homework to do. A. too much B. too manyC. much tooD. many too 3.【2013 广西玉林】 The meat is ____ delicious. Yes, but dont eat _____. A. too much; too much B. much too; too much C. too much ; much too D. much too; much too 答案：1.D 2.A 3.B 【解析 2】enough 的用法 (1) adj.足够的，充分的 修饰名词时，可放在名词之前或之后 enough time (2) adv. “足够地， 十分，相当” 修饰 adj./adv,放在 adj./adv 后 expensive enough (3) be +adj. +enough to do sth be strong enough to carry the box. ( ) The boy isnt ___ to dress himself. A. old enough B. enough old C. old ( ) What do you think of the lecture of Li Yangs Crazy English? I think its _____ , but someone thinks its much too _____. A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful enough; boring D. enough wonderful ; bored 答案：1.A 2.C 初中（八下）英语教师 版 13 4. drink some hot tea with honey. 喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶。喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶。 【解析】with ：prep “具有， 带有” , 表示某物带有或具有某种特征。 She is a girl with long hair. with （反） without 1. Id like a cup of black coffee. What about you, Maggie?【2018 连云港】 I prefer coffee ________ sugar. A. than B. for C. with D. to 答案：1.C prep. 和.一起 I like to talk freely with my friends. prep 用.， 表示“使用某种工具” Cut it with a knife. 5. What should she do?她该怎么办呢？她该怎么办呢？ Should I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗？ 【解析 1】should “应该” 情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示责任和义务 should not =shouldnt 不应该 主语+ should/ shouldnt + 动词原形. . You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。 You shouldnt t go out at night.你晚上不应该出去。 【解析 2】take ones temperature 量体温 6. No, it doesnt sound like you have a fever. 不需要，不需要， 听起来你不像发烧了听起来你不像发烧了。 【解析 1】sound like 听起来像， 后接名词或名词性短语作表语。 It sounds like a good idea. 【拓展】 “感官动词+ like feel like 摸起来像 smell like 闻起来像 look like 看起来像 taste like 尝起来像 【解析 2】fever/ fi:v:(r)/n.发烧 have a fever 发烧 You need to take breaks away from the computer. 你需要休息一下，远离电脑。 7. You need to take break away from the computer.你需要远离电脑，休息休息。你需要远离电脑，休息休息。 【解析】need v 需要 初中（八下）英语教师 版 14 用于肯定句是实义动词 (1) need sth 需要某物 I need your help. (2) 人做主语，sb need to do sth 某人需要做某事 Do you need to drink more water? (3) 物做主语，sth need doing sth = sth need to be done My TV set needs repairing. 用于否定句是情态动词 neednt = dont have to 没有必要 must ,need 引导的疑问句肯定回答用 ( ) Must I hand in my exercise book now, Mr. Zhao? No, you ______ .You may give it to me tomorrow. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not ( ) You dont have to go to bed too late at night.(选出同义句） A. cant B. shouldnt C. neednt D. would like to 答案：1.A 2.C 8. At 9:00 a.m . yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 昨天上午昨天上午 9:00 , 26 路公共汽车正沿着中华路行驶，这时，司机看见一位老人躺在马路上。路公共汽车正沿着中华路行驶，这时，司机看见一位老人躺在马路上。 【解析 1】along/ down 相同点： prep “顺着；沿着” 不同点：along 强调顺着水平方向 down 指“沿着下坡或者往南走” 【解析 2】see （saw , seen） v 看见 see sb. do sth 看见某人做某事 （看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生） see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 （强调动作正在发生） 1.Seeing their teacher ___ into the classroom, they stopped ___at once.【2013 湖北黄石】 A. walk; telling B. entering; to speak C. enter; to tell D. walking; talking 答案：D 9. He got off and asked the woman what happened. 他下车问那名妇女发生了什么事。他下车问那名妇女发生了什么事。 初中（八下）英语教师 版 15 【解析】get off 下车 (反） get on 上车 1. Dont forget to take your bag when you ___ the bus.【2018 江苏徐州】 A. get off B. take off C. turn off D. put off 答案：A 【拓展】与 get 相关的短语： get up 起床 get back 回来；取回 get over 克服；度过 get onalong well with 与相处融洽 get in a word 插话 get to 到达 10. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. 但令他吃惊的是，所有的乘客都同意和他一起去医院。但令他吃惊的是，所有的乘客都同意和他一起去医院。 【解析】surprise spraz v 使吃惊surprising adj. 令人吃惊的surprised adj. 吃惊的 surprise sb 使某人吃惊 The bad news surprised me. 这个消息使我震惊。 be surprised at 对感到吃惊 be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到惊讶 be surprised + that 从句 因.而惊讶 Surprise n 惊讶” to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 __________________(使我吃惊的是） ，he got the first prize in the exam. We are ____________at the _____________news.(surprise) ___his surprise, she succeeded in climbing up the high mountain. A. At B. To C. In D. On 答案：1.To my surprise 2.surprised；surprising 3.B 【解析 2】agree v (反)disagree agreement n 同意 (1) agree with sb. 同意某人 I agree with you. (2)agree to do sth 同意做某事 Do you agree with him? No, I ___________ (agree ) with him. I think English is more useful than Chinese. I dont ____ you. They are both useful. 初中（八下）英语教师 版 16 A. get on with B. catch up with C. talk with D. agree with 答案：1.disagree 2.D 11because they dont want any trouble, . 当 trouble 意为“困难；麻烦”时，是不可数名词。如： Im sorry to give you so much trouble. 很抱歉给您带来这么多麻烦。 (1) be in trouble 意为“有困难；陷入困境”。 如: He always asks me for help when he is in trouble. 当他有困难的时候他经常向我寻求帮助。 (2) get sb. into trouble 意为“使某人陷入困境”。 如: If you come, you may get me into trouble. 如果你来的话，你会使我陷入困境的。 (3) 主语 + have / has trouble (in) doing sth. 意为“某人在做某事方面有困难”。如: I have some trouble (in) reading the letter. 对这封信我有点困难。 当 trouble 意为“麻烦事；烦心事”时，是可数名词。如： She was on the phone for an hour telling me her troubles. 她给我打了一个小时电话来抱怨她的烦心事。 12. . Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers , the doctor saved the man in time. 多亏了王先生和乘客的帮助，多亏了王先生和乘客的帮助， 医生及时挽救了那位老人的生命。医生及时挽救了那位老人的生命。 【解析 1】 thanks to 对亏；由于 thanks to 为习语介词，thanks 不可以改为 thank you，to 后也不接动词原形，这个短语表示原因， 意为“由于”、 “多亏”，to 表示感谢的对象 thanks for ，意为“因而感谢”，for 强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或 v-ing thanks 相当于 thank you ， 1. ________ the teacher, Ive made great progress.【2013 黑龙江绥化】 A. Thank you B. Thanks to C. Thanks lot 2. _____ her husband，she has now become a famous film star.【2013 呼和浩特】 A. Because B. Thanks to C. Thanks for D. With the help 答案：1.B 2.B 【解析 2】on time 准时/in time 及时 初中（八下）英语教师 版 17 on time= at exactly the right time. 准时（在规定的时间之内）强调与某个时刻一致 in time = with enough time to spare/ not late 及时（恰在时间点上）表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提 前发生 【记】She didnt catch the ___________, so she couldnt arrive there __________. 【短语】at times=sometimes 有时 have a good time 玩得高兴 have time =be free 有空 all the time 一直 at the same time 同时 by the time 到时候 for the first time 第一次 【句型】 Its time to do sth =Its time for sth 是该做某事的时间了 It takes sb. some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间 s 1. I knew it was impossible for me __________(按时上班) when I missed the last bus.【湖北岳阳】 2. The teacher hope all of us can hand ____ our homework ____time every day.【2018 湖北黄石】 A. up ; in B. out; on C. on; in D. in ; on 答案：1.to go to work on time 2.D 13. But the driver didnt think about himself. 但是这位司机完全没有考虑他自己。但是这位司机完全没有考虑他自己。 【解析】 think about 考虑；认为 【短语】：think about 考虑 think of 想起 think over 仔细考虑 think up = come up with 想出 【谚语】 Think before you act 三思而后行 ( ) We need______________(想出) a plan. ( ) My mother came up with a good idea which we all agreed to.(选出同义句） A. thought about B. thought up C. thought hard 答案：1.to think up 2.B 14. Did you fall down ?你跌倒了吗？你跌倒了吗？ 【解析】fall fell fallen v 落下； 跌落 fall down 摔倒， （强调“滑倒，摔倒” ，指失去平衡而摔倒，后接宾语时，应加上介词 from She fell down from her bike。她从自行车上摔下来了。 fall off 指从某物上跌落下来。 The girl fell off the bike. = The girl fell down from the bike. 初中（八下）英语教师 版 18 fall into 落入 The leaf fell into the river. 树叶落到了小河里。 fall behind 落后 fall in love with sb. 爱上某人 fall asleep 入睡 ( ) Its not easy for Linda to _____ last night, because she was too excited. A. go to bed B. fall asleep C. fall into D. fall over 答案：B 15. Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing. 阿伦阿伦. 罗尔斯是一名热爱登山运动的美国人。罗尔斯是一名热爱登山运动的美国人。 【解析 1】 who 引导的定语从句 定语从句： 定义：用一个句子来修饰前面的名词或代词的句子，叫做定语从句。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。 定语从句必须放在先行词之后。 关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫做关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。 He is the boy who/that often helps me. 他就是帮助我的那个小男孩。 who 指人，在定语从句中作主语 【2013 吉林】1. Do you know the little boy _______ is helping the old man cross the road? No. But how nice he is! A. which B. who C. whom 答案：B 【解析 2】be interested in interest n 兴趣 interesting adj. 令人有兴趣的（表语/定语） interested adj. 对感兴趣（只做表语） interest v. 引起关注；使感兴趣 be interested in sth./ doing sth.对变得感兴趣 = show great interest in sth. / doing sth.表现出对的极大兴趣; (1) take/have an interest in =be interested in 对感兴趣 (2) places of interest 名胜 lose interest in 失去兴趣 ( ) This book is very _____ and I am ____ in it. 初中（八下）英语教师 版 19 A. interest; interest B. interesting; interested C. interested; interested D. interested; interested 答案：B 16. In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decision , and of being in control of ones life. 在这本书里，阿伦讲述了好好做出决定以及掌握自己命运的重要性。在这本书里，阿伦讲述了好好做出决定以及掌握自己命运的重要性。 【解析 1】 important adj. 重要的（反）unimportant importance n 重要性 My parents have taught me ____________(.的重要性)of working hard. Anyone can see the ____________(important) of good health. 答案：1. the importance 2.importance 【解析 2】decide v 决定-decision n 决定 (1)decide to do sth= make up ones mind to do sth 决定做某事 (2)make a decision 做决定 Tom decided _________________(study) English well. The next morning Alice made a _________(decide).She would tell her mother the truth. 答案：1.to study 2.decision 【解析 3】be in control of 掌管；管理 His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. 他 是如此的热爱爬山甚至与经历这次事故之后，他仍然继续爬山。 【解析 1】 so that 如此.以致 “So +adj.+ that” “如此以至” 引导结果状语从句 so 后面接形容词、副词 He was so strong that he could lift the heavy bag. Some word puzzles in this book are ____ difficult that ____ students can solve them.【2012 江苏镇江】 A. such; few B. such; little C. so; few D. so; little 答案：C 【解析 2】 keep on (doing sth) 继续或坚持做某事 ,但是中间有间断 We must keep on working hard in the coming new year. 在新的一年里，我们必须坚持努力工作。 17.Do we have the same spirit as Aron? 我们有阿伦那种精神吗？我们有阿伦那种精神吗？ 【解析】 the same as 和.一样 be not the same as = be different from 与.不同 初中（八下）英语教师 版 20 ( ) 【2013 云南中考】My new mobie phone is different from Jennifers .（选出同义句） A. not the same as B. all the same as C. worse than D. diffiult to 答案：A 18. Lets think about it before we find ourselves “between a rock and a hard place” , and before we have to make a decision that could mean life or death. 在我们发现自己处于在我们发现自己处于“进退两难进退两难”之前好好想想这个问题，之前好好想想这个问题， 我们一旦做出决定就意味着生或死。我们一旦做出决定就意味着生或死。 【解析】die v. （延续性动词） be dead 死，死亡 death n. 死，死亡 dead adj. 死的 dying adj. 将死的/垂死的 - The national hero Wu Bin , a bus driver, hardly had time to think about himself when in danger.【2012 曲 靖中考】 - Yes, His ____ is starting to make people think a lot. A. die B. death C. dead D. died 答案：B 19. He was not ready to die that day. （1）ready 作形容词，意为“准备好的” 。例如： Is everything ready? 一切都准备好了吗？ Are you ready? 你准备好了吗？ （2）be/get ready to + 动词原形，意为“准备做” 。例如： Im getting ready to travel. 我正准备去旅行。 【拓展】 be ready for 意为“准备去” ，后接名词或动名词，同义短语为 get ready for。例如： Im ready for bed. 我正准备睡觉。 The chicken will soon be ready for the pot. 这些鸡肉很快就可以准备下锅了。 句式精练句式精练 I. 按括号中的要求改写句子。按括号中的要求改写句子。 1. We had a good time in the park yesterday. (同义句转换) We ________ ________ in the park yesterday. 2. Sleeping eight hours a night is very important. (同义句转换) ________ very important ________ ________ eight hours a night. 3. Its important that we should eat a balanced diet. (同义句转换) 初中（八下）英语教师 版 21 Its important ________ ________ ________ ________ a balanced diet. 4. Whats the matter with you? (同义句转换) Whats ________ ________ you? 5. I think I have a cold. (改为否定句) I ________ ________ I ________ a cold. 6. She has a toothache. (对划线部分提问) ________ the ________ ________ her? 7. My head hurts. (同义句转换) I ________ a ________. 8. There is a tall building in front of my house. (同义句转换) A tall building ________ in front of my house. 9. He need not return the book three days ago. (同义句转换) He ________ ________ ________ return the book three days ago. 10. I hope to buy a present for my mother with my own money. (同义句转换) I hope ________ I ________ ________ a present for my mother with my own money. II.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。根据汉语提示完成下列句子。 1. 你的手表怎么了？ 它不走了。 ________ ________ ________ your watch? Its doesnt work. 2. 多吃蔬菜和水果对我们来说是必要的。 Its necessary ________ us ________ ________ more fruit and vegetables. 3. 那个男孩喜欢用英语和别人说话。 The boy ________ ________ ________ others in English. 4. 你怎么了？ 我牙疼。 ________ ________ ________? I have a ________. 5. 你看上去气色不好，请躺下休息一下吧。 You dont look ________. Please ________ ________ and have a rest. 6. 你应该帮助你母亲做家务。 初中（八下）英语教师 版 22 You ________ ________ your mother ________ the housework. 7. 你介意调低音乐吗？ Would you ________ _______ _______the music? 8. 所有学生在为运动会做准备。 All the students ______ ______ ______ ______the sports meeting. III. 补全对话。补全对话。 （2018 年黑龙江龙东市中考）年黑龙江龙东市中考） Choose the best choice from A to F to finish the dialogue. You have one more answer. Each choice should be used only once. A: Hi, Peter. I see you wearing a pair of glasses. But you didnt wear it before, did you? B: (1) But Im afraid I have to wear it now. A: (2) B: Because I get screen sightedness（近视症）and (3) A: (4) What happened? B: My doctor said that I watched movies or played games on my iPad quite a lot. I suggest you not to do that like me. A: (5) Peter. B: Youre welcome. 1 2 3 4 5 【参考答案参考答案】 I. 按括号中的要求改写句子。按括号中的要求改写句子。 1. enjoyed ourselves 2. Its; to sleep 3. for us to eat 4. wrong with 5. dont think; have 6. Whats; matter with 7. have; headache 8. lies/ 9. didnt need to 10. that; can buy II.根据汉语提示完成下列句子。根据汉语提示完成下列句子。 1. Whats wrong with 2. for; to eat 3. enjoys/likes talking with/to 4. Whats the matter; toothache 5. well; lie down 6. should help; with/do 7.mind turning down 8. are getting ready for III. 补全对话。补全对话。 15 CAFBD 第三部分：语法点拨第三部分：语法点拨 A. Why? B. Im sorry to hear that. C. No, I didnt. D. Thank you for your advice. E. Yes, I did. F. I cant see things clearly. 初中（八下）英语教师 版 23 【反身代词反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数 上保持一致。 数 人称第一人称第二人称第三人称 单数myselfyourselfhimself herself itself 复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves 【用法】 1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。 如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。 如：She isnt quite herself today. 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。 如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 4. 用在某些固定短语当中。 如：look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快 help oneself to sth 请自用（随便吃/喝些）. hurt oneself 摔伤自己 say to oneself 自言自语 leave sb. by ones