1、1 时态复习时态复习 一、一般现在时：一、一般现在时： 概念概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语：时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays 基本结构基本结构：be 动词；行为动词 v/v-s 否定形式否定形式：am/is/are+not; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加 dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用 doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句一般疑问句：把 be 动词放于句首； 用助动词 do 提问，如
2、主语为第三人称单数，则用 does，同时，还原行为动词。 用法用法： 表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。表示主语通常的能力、兴趣爱好、和性格特征。 表示客观的事实或真理。 表示按照时刻表或已经计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是只限于是 go, come, leave, arrive, begin, start, 等表示开始或移动意义的词。）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一 般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句中用一般现在时表将来。（主将从现）（主将从现） 【注意】【注意】当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，加-s/es。除此之外都用动词原 形。 动词第三人称单数形式变
3、化规则动词第三人称单数形式变化规则 1. 直接在原形后加-s 2. 以 ch，sh，s，o，x 结尾，后加-es 3. 以辅音字母+y 结尾，先将 y 变为 i，再加-es 小试牛刀小试牛刀 1.He_(get) up at half past six every morning. 2.He always _(come) to school on time. 3.The earth _(move) round the sun. 4. I will go there if I _( be) free tomorrow. 5. I will go there when I _(have) time
4、 tomorrow. 2 二、二、一般过去时一般过去时 概念：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now/a moment ago, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构：基本结构： be 动词； 行为动词-ed 否定形式：否定形式：was/were+not; 在行为动
5、词前加 didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：一般疑问句：was 或 were 放于句首； 用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 【注意】【注意】谓语动词使用过去式形式，加 ed，分为规则和不规则变化。表示过去经常发生的动作，也 可用“used to do ”。 动词过去式变化规则动词过去式变化规则 1.直接在原形后加-ed 2.以 e 结尾，直接加 d 3.以辅音字母+y 结尾，先将 y 变为 i，再加-ed 4.以重读闭音节加单辅音字母结尾，双写结尾的辅音字母再加-ed 小试牛刀小试牛刀 1. He_(be) here a moment ago. 2. They
6、 _(be) here just now. 3. The scientists _(leave) for America yesterday. 4. Last week we _(visit) the Science Museum. 5. When I was a child, I often _(play) football. 6. The students ran out of the classroom as soon as the bell _(ring). 三、三、现在进行时现在进行时 概念：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：时间状语：now, at this
7、 time, days, look. listen 等时间状语做标志。 基本结构：基本结构：主语+be +doing +其他 3 否定形式：否定形式：主语+be +not +doing+其他 一般疑问句：一般疑问句：把 be 动词放于句首。 用法：现在进行时表示用法：现在进行时表示 1)现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强调“此时此刻”。 E.g. He is reading . 他正在正在阅读。 They are talking now. 他们正在正在说话。 2)当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 E.g. They are working these days. 他们这些天
8、都一直在工作。 3)某些动词的现在进行时，表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。 E.g I am coming. 我来了。 动词动词-ing 形式的构成：形式的构成： 1.直接在原形后加-ing 2.以不发音的 e 结尾，去掉 e 再加-ing 3.以重读闭音节加单辅音字母再加-ing 4.几个以 ie 结尾的动词要变 ie 为 y，再加-ing 小试牛刀小试牛刀 1.I _(write) a letter now. 2.Look, it _(begin) to rain. 3.They _(study) medicine at the Medical Institute of Chengde th
9、ese days. 4.He _(teach) an English lesson at this time. 四、四、过去进行时过去进行时 概念：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语：时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when/while 引导的时间状语中，有时没有时间状语， 要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。 基本结构：基本结构： 主语+was/were +doing +其他 否定形式：否定形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+其他 一般疑问句：一般疑问句：把 was 或 wer
10、e 放于句首。(第一个字母大写） 其句式变化仍然要在其句式变化仍然要在 be 上做文章。上做文章。 4 过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用，如 last night, at that time, at noon yesterday, last Sunday 等。 【注意】【注意】when 和和 while 的用法区分的用法区分 （1）while 的用法的用法 作连词，意为“当时候”，引导时间状语从句，并且是主句和从句动作同时发生主句和从句动作同时发生，从句中的动 词必须是延续性动词或表状态，且常用进行时态。 例: I am talking while you are listening
11、now. My mother was cooking in the kitchen while my father was reading newspapers in the sofa at six last night. while 引导的句子中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词或 be+adj./adv. 例: Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 Could you look after my dog while Im away? 我离开时，你能照看我的狗吗？ 意为“然而”，表示对照、转折 例: Lily is active while Lucy is quie
12、t. n. 一段时间 例: After a while, the rain stopped. （2）when 的用法的用法 when 既可指动作同时进行，也可指先后发生，从句中的动作既可是延续性动词，也可是非延续性 动词。若是同时发生且为延续性动词，则可与 while 互换；若 when 作并列连词，表示“就在那时，这 时候”则只能用 when，并且 when 引导的从句只能放在后面。 例: We were watching TV when there was a knock at the door. 我们在看电视，这时有人敲门。 It began to rain when he just a
13、rrived home. 他刚回到家就下雨了。 引导条件状语从句（与 if 用法相同） 例: I will let you know when she comes. 如果她来了，我会让你知道的。 做题诀窍：做题诀窍：when 从句中的动词是瞬间动词，用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时；从句中的动词是瞬间动词，用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时； 当主句和从句都用进行时，则用当主句和从句都用进行时，则用 while 连接。连接。 即时演练即时演练 1.I _(cook) breakfast when you arrived. 2.What _you_( do) at this time yesterda
14、y evening? 5 3.We_(have) dinner when the doorbell rang. 4.While we_( have) dinner, the doorbell rang. 五、五、一般将来时一般将来时 概念概念 going to be B. Are; going to be C. Are; / D. Will; be ( )2. I dont know if his uncle _. I think he _ if it doesnt rain. A. will come; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; come
15、s D. comes; will come ( )3. He will be back _a few minutes. A. with B. for C. on D. in ( )4. He will have a holiday as soon as he _the work next week. A. finishes B. doesnt finish C. will finish D. wont finish ( )5. There _some showers this afternoon. A. will be B. will have C. is going to have D. a
16、re going to have ( )6. It _my brothers birthday tomorrow. She _a party. A. is going to be; will have B. will be; is having C. will be; is going to have D. will have; is going to be 六、六、现在完成时现在完成时 1.概念：概念：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。 表示动作或状态在过去已经开始， 持续到现在， 也许还要持续下去， 常与 since+过去时 （间） , for+一段时间连用。表示持续
17、的动作或状态多为延续性动词。表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。 2.时间状语：时间状语：yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构：基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他 4.否定形式：否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他 5.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：have/has+主语 +p.p（过去分词）+其他? 注意注意：瞬间动词不能和表示一段时间的
18、 for 短语和 since 短语连用，也不能用于 how long 引导的疑 问句中。 如果要用， 应先把瞬间动词改为相应的持续性动词。 如： How long have you kept this book? Mike has been away for ten days. 7 由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换，如： fall asleep (ill) be asleep (ill) get to know know begin,(start) be on open be open buy have get up be up die be dead go o
19、ut be out come be in closebe closed arrivebe here joinbe in, be a +名词 finish( end )be over leave, move be away borrow keep go to schoolbe a student catch(a cold) have(a cold) come backbe back begin to studystudy put onwear 或 be on 即时演练 ( )1. He has _ the watch for a year. A. buy B. bought C. have D.
20、 had ( )2. I _this book for two weeks, I have to return it now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept ( )3. Have you ever _to the Great Wall? Its very beautiful. A. gone B. been C. went D. go ( )4. Her brother _the Party since 1978. A. joined B. has joined C. has been in D. was in ( )5.
21、The Greens _many places of interest since they came to China. A. will visit B. visited C. have visited D. visit ( )6. Im sorry, I _ your name. A. had forgotten B. forgot C. have forgotten D. forgotten ( )7. The bookshop _ for eight years. A. has been open B. has been opened C. has opened D. has open
22、 巧解现在完成时态题巧解现在完成时态题 技巧技巧 1:寻找现在完成时中的寻找现在完成时中的“段时间段时间”。 (1) 现在完成时表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态现在完成时表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态,多和表示一段时间的状语连用多和表示一段时间的状语连用:for+一一 段时间段时间;since+点时间点时间(since 作连词后接从句时作连词后接从句时,该从句要用一般过去时该从句要用一般过去时) 。 (2) 现在完成时态也用在含有现在完成时态也用在含有 during / in/ over the last years 或或 in recent years 等的句子中。等的句子
23、中。 8 ( )1. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _ tens of thousands of visitors since 1995. A. attracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attract ( )2. How long _ you _ here? For about two years so far. A. have, studied B. did, live C. do, stay D. were, swimming ( )3. How is your father? I _him for a lon
24、g time. He is fine, but busy. A. dont see B. hadnt seen C. didnt see D. havent seen ( )4. Meimei has received several letters from her hometown since she _ to the city. A. came B. comes C. has come D. will come 技巧技巧 2:寻找现在完成时的副词标志或句型。寻找现在完成时的副词标志或句型。 (1) 在做时态题时,注意观察句中是否有常用于现在完成时的副词:yet, already, nev
25、er, lately, recently, ever, just, before, (ever) since 等。 (2) 句型:It has been + 段时间+since + 过去时. 也可以表示为: It is + 段时间+since + 过去时. ( )1. What are you going to do this weekend? I _ yet. A. havent decided B. wont decide C. have decided D. didnt decide ( )2. My mother _ the windows already, so the room l
26、ooks much brighter. A. has cleaned B. had cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean ( )3. It _ ten years since we last _ in Beijing. A. was, met B. has been, met C. was, meet D. is, meet ( )4. How long has the weather been like this? _. A. Until last night B. Ever since last night C. Two days ago D. Two
27、days later 技巧技巧 3:把握把握 have been to 与与 have gone to 的区别。的区别。 have been to 曾经去过某处(现在已经不在那个地方,强调以前的经历) have gone to 去了某处(强调主语已经离开说话者所在的地方,现在还没有回来) ( )1. Is that Jack speaking? Sorry, he isnt in right now. He _ the cinema with his aunt. A. has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to ( )2
28、. Hello, may I speak to your father, please? Sorry, my father _ to Shanghai. He went there this morning. 9 A. goes B. has gone C. has been D. go ( )3. How many times _ you _ to Beijing this year? Three times. A. have, been B. had, been C. have, gone D. had gone 技巧技巧 4:分清延续性动词和非延续性动词。分清延续性动词和非延续性动词。
29、延续性动词是指那些动作可以持续的动词。如:have, keep, study, live, teach 等。 非延续性动词是指那些动作瞬间完成的动词。如:begin, buy, borrow, lend 等。 做题时,要注意句中是否有段时间,如果有则用延续性动词。 ( )1. Oh, Mrs. King, your dress looks nice. Is it new? No, I _ it since two years ago. A. had B. bought C. have had D. have bought ( )2. Tom _ the CD player for two weeks. A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has kept ( )3. How long has the foreigner _ here? He has _ here for several hours. A. arrived; come B. come; got C. stayed; been D. left; been away ( )4. The film _ for half an hour. A. has begun B. has been begun C. has been on D. began
