1、动词不定式动词不定式 动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式， 它没有人称和数的变化， 在句子中它没有人称和数的变化， 在句子中 不能作谓语不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、 宾语补足语、定语和状语） ；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同 时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾 语和状语构成不定式短语。 一、构成：to do .否定式 not to do 二、常见时态：一般时 to do 三、动词不定式在句子中的成分 1、 作句子的主语：、 作句子的主语： 现实中常用 it 作形式主语， 而把真正的主语动词不定式 （或 短语）后
2、置。 比较下列句子比较下列句子 To learn from your friends is important.=It is important to learn from your friends . To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye. To chat with Miss White is a pleasant thing.=It is a pleasant thing to chat with Miss White. To walk to
3、school takes me ten minutes.=It takes me ten minutes to walk to school. 句型总结句型总结 It is + adj. + of sb. to do= sb. isare +adj. +to do在以某些表示人 的品质、特征等的形容词（如 kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right 等）作 表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况（可以 理解为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，对，错等等） 。 It is very kind of you to help me. Its not polit
4、e of him to speak to old people like that. It is + adj. + for sb. to do sb. isare +adj. +to do如果要说明不定 式表示的动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个 for 引起的短语，即不定式的逻 辑主语。 It is necessary for us to study hard. It is easy for him to speak English. 动词不定式作主语练习动词不定式作主语练习 ( )1. Its our duty _ the room every day. A. to clean B. cle
5、aned C. clean D. cleans ( )2. Its hard for us _ English well. A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning 3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。 It will _the workers over a year _ _the flyover. ( )4. Its very nice _you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup. A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to 2、作句子的表语、作句子的表语：
6、不定式放在 be 动词后面，用作表语如： Her dream is to be a policeman. My job is to help the patient. Your task is to clean the classroom. 3、作句子的宾语、作句子的宾语：不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语。能跟不定式作宾语的 动词（及物）很多，常见的有 want, like, hate, wish, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree, expect, remember, forget, plan,
7、 decide, would like, need, choose, agree, promise, refuse, set out, manage, pretend, The workers demanded to get better pay. They began to read and write. She forgot to close the door. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同： forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记曾经做过某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 stop doing
8、 sth.停止做某事 go on to do sth.继续做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做原来在做的事 注意注意 1：动词不定式作宾语时如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放在后面，用：动词不定式作宾语时如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放在后面，用 it 作形式主语，构成作形式主语，构成“主语主语+动词动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式不定式”结构结构 I found it necessary to talk to him again. I found it important to learn English. I fond it difficult to
9、 learn physics. 注意注意 2：常用带：常用带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 want, ask, tell, order, get, wish, allow, invite, teach, encourage, beg, 等。构成等。构成“vt.+sb.+(not)to do sth.” 结构。结构。 The teacher told us to read the text. He asked me not to tell you the news. His parents didnt allow him to play. 注意注意 3
10、：不定式作宾补省去不定式作宾补省去 to 的情况的情况(在被动语态中则在被动语态中则 to 不能省掉不能省掉) 常用省去 to 的动词不定式作补足语的动词有： 一感 （feel） 、 二听 （hear, listen to） 、三让（make, let, have） 、四看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe） 、半帮 助 help（可带 to，也可不带 to help sb (to) do sth） I made him to do his work. .-make sb.do sth. Please listen to me to sing this
11、song again.-listen to sb.do sth. I felt someone to open my door.-feel sb.do sth. The boss made the girl to work ten hour a day.-make sb.do sth. You must watch me to do everything.-watch sb.do sth. He often helps (to) clean the room. Mr. Zhang always helps us (to) learn English. 动词不定式作宾语练习动词不定式作宾语练习
12、( )1.He wants _ some vegetables. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省) ( )2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school. A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省) ( )3.He found it very difficult _ A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省) ( )4.Robert often
13、asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before. A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with ( )5. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food. A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肃省) ( )6. We saw him _the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B
14、. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省) ( )7. So much work usually makes them _very tired. A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel ( )8. Your father is sleeping. Youd better _. A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him C. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陕西省) ( )9. I was made _ my homework in the a
15、fternoon. A. do B. doing C. to do D. did 4、作句子的定语、作句子的定语：不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面作后置定语。如：不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面作后置定语。如 果不定式中的动词是不及物动词果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词. He is looking for a room to live in .-live是不及物动词 There is nothing for us to worry about.-worry是不及物动词 Spring is the best season to plant trees.
16、 春季是最好的季节去种树 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有机会去上大学 动词不定式作定语练习 ( )1. Would you like something _? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks ( )2. I have a lot of homework _. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do ( )3. He is not an easy man _. A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on wi
17、th 5、 作句子的状语：、 作句子的状语： 动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语， 可作目的、 结果、动词不定式位于不及物动词之后作状语， 可作目的、 结果、 原因状语。原因状语。 in order (not) to do too + adj. + to do sth. adj.adv. + enough to do sth so as to , She came here to borrow an English book.（目的） Lets stop to have a rest. She is too young to go to school.（结果） He runs fast eno
18、ugh to catch a horse. Im sorry to make you wait here so long.（原因） We are surprised to see such beautiful animals. In order to help him, we would do everything we can.(目的) Im too tired to do well. 结果 He is old enough to go to school . 结果 动词不定式做状语练习动词不定式做状语练习 ( )1. She went _ her teacher. A. to see B.
19、 looks C. saw D. seeing ( )2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns ( )3. Im sorry _ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear ( )4. Im sorry _ you. A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled ( )5. My mother was very gl
20、ad _her old friend. A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets ( )6. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.(改为意思相同的句子) The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. (广东省) 7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it. (改为意思相同 的句子) The ice on the lake wasnt _ enough _ p
21、eople _ _ _. (广东省) 六、带疑问词的不定式短语六、带疑问词的不定式短语 动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词 what, which, who 或疑问副词 how, when, where, why 等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等， 或者单独使用。要注意的是，why 后面的不定式不带 to。 例如：I dont know what to try next. （作宾语） Where to go is not decided yet.（作主语） 注意：单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。 What to do next?(=What will we / you do
22、next?) Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?) 在与 why 连用时，只用于 why 或 why not 开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的 动词不定式不带 to。 Why not have a rest? How to do it is a problem.(=How we should do it.) I really dont know what to write about.(=what I should write about) The trouble is where to put the machine.(=where we shou
23、ld put the machine) I asked him how to learn English well.(=how I could learn English well) He didnt know what to say. How to solve the problem is very important. My question is when to start. 动词不定式专项练习：动词不定式专项练习： 一、填空 1.你父亲愿意去购物吗？ 不，他宁可在家听音乐。 Does your father want to go shopping? No，he at home. 2.他
24、们觉得有必要帮助残疾人。 They found the disabled. 3.奥黛丽.赫本大部分时间致力于电影事业。 Audrey Hepburn the film industry. 4.叫孩子们不要轻视穷人。 Tell the poor. 5 He . (宁愿呆在家里也不愿去 看电影) 6Father (习惯于看报)after supper. 7.If someone laughs at you, you should .(不理睬) 二，选择 ( )1. My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health. A. givin
25、g up B. to give up C. give up D. given up ( )2.The sentence wants _ once more. A. explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining ( )3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic. A. having been B. to have been C. to be D. being ( )4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth_
26、 for him without delay. A. to have woven B. to be woven C. to be weaving D. to weave ( )5.I found the German language hard _. A. learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn ( )6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having t
27、urned it off ( )7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. A. to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making D. to solve, made ( )8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good
28、_. A. school to study in B. school for children to study C. studying school D. school to study ( )9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no use. A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned ( )10.We find it impossible for the work _ahead of time. A. to finish B. finishing C. being finished D
29、. to be finished ( )11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change? A. to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go ( )12._ a living, she had to work from morning till night. A. To make B. Made C. Making D. To have made ( )13. I would rather starve to death th
30、an _for food. A. beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg ( )14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered. A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being read 附加练习：阅读附加练习：阅读 （A） Robert is sixteen now. Hell finish middle school in two years. His father has a shop and gets much money. He hopes his son ca
31、n go to college and makes him study hard. But the young man likes playing cards. He always goes out when his parents fall asleep. One night, when Robert came back, his father happened to see him. The old man was very angry and told his son to live upstairs. Now Robert has to go up and down quietly.
32、Of course it troubles him. But he hasnt found a way yet. When Robert was sure his parents went to sleep last night, he went out to play cards with his friends. He won some money and was happy. When he got back home, he took off his shoes and was going upstairs. He heard a noise in his parents. He st
33、ood behind the door and saw a man come out. He realized the man was a thief. He stopped him at once. The thief was very afraid and brought out all the things he stole in the room. Tell me how you didnt wake my parents up, said Robert, or Ill take you to the police station! ( ) 1.What does Roberts fa
34、ther do? A. He is a teacher B. He is a shop owner C. He is a student D. He is a farmer ( ) 2.Robert likes _. A. studying hard B. helping his parents C. watching TV D. playing cards ( ) 3.Why did Roberts father ask him to live upstairs? A. Because Robert liked to live upstairs. B. Because his father
35、didnt want Robert to go out. C. Because his father didnt want to trouble Robert. D. Because Robert wanted to study upstairs. ( )4.When Robert came back last night, whom did he see? A.His brother B.His mother C.A thief D.His teacher ( ) 5.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. Robert wanted to
36、 learn how to steal things. B. Robert wanted to stop playing cards. C. Robert wanted to know how the thief didnt wake his parents up. D.Robert wanted to know how to win more money. (B ) Many people think the more time is spent, the more work will be done. So students have to _16_ the whole day doing
37、 school work _17_ the three meals. Modern students have many _18_.They love sports, computers and music. A _19_ holiday can get them away from too much school works, and they can do what they like. But still teachers do not _20_ it. Because students have too much homework, they have no time to enjoy
38、 themselves. Students are really tired of their weekend homework. So they dont do it _21_ Sunday night. And there is not enough time to finish the homework carefully. The poor weekend homework usually makes teachers _22_. Things always get worse _23_ right ideas. Too much school work makes students
39、lose _24_ in learning. Its also bad for their health. A horse runs faster after a rest. But for students only a rest is not enough. So such a condition(状况) should be _25_ to give students both pleasure and knowledge. ( ) 16.A.take B.cost C.spend D.pay ( ) 17.A.except B.for C.during D.with ( ) 18.A.i
40、nterests B.books C.pens D.friends ( ) 19.A.two days B.two-days C.two-day D.two-days ( ) 20.A.talk about B.think about C.speak of D.look after ( ) 21.A.on B.except C.after D.until ( ) 22.A.to get angry B.get angry C.to feel unhappy D.quite surprised ( ) 23.A.to B.by C.without D.with ( ) 24.A.interested B.interest C.interesting D.themselves ( ) 25.A.changed B.kept C.taught D.made
