1、外研版八年级下学期外研版八年级下学期 M4-M 5 重要知识点和语法点的讲解重要知识点和语法点的讲解 Module 4 知识点知识点 1 exercise v 运动，锻炼 n 锻炼，运动 不可数名词 n 练习，操练 Eg : We should take some exercise every day . I have two exercises to do today . He likes doing morning exercises . 2 since for Since +时间点、句子（一般过去时） For + 时间段 Eg : I have learned English since
2、 I was six years old / 6 years ago . I have learned English for 6 years . 3 be harmful to = do harm to = be bad for 对某某有害的 harmless 无害的 Eg : Smoking is harmful to our health . Smoking does harm to our health . Smoking is bad for our health . 4 sleep sleepy asleep fall asleep Sleep v n 意为“睡，睡觉” ，表示持续
3、性状态 Sleepy adj 意为“欲睡的，困乏的” Asleep adj 意为“睡着的，睡熟的， ”常作表语 Fall asleep 表示“入睡”的短暂动作 be asleep 表状态 Eg : Although I slept eight hours last night ,I still feel sleepy .Im afraid Ill fall asleep in a while . 5 ill sick ill adj “不健康的，有病的” 在句中作表语，不作定语， ill worse worst illness sick adj “生病的” ，在句中作定语 Eg : She w
4、as ill in bed yesterday . She is looking after her sick son . 6 too.(for sb) to do sth so that not . enough to . Eg : The car is too expensive for her to afford . The car is so expensive that she cant afford it . The car is not cheap enough for her to afford . 7 good well good adj 好的 Eg : The music
5、sounds good . well = healthy adj 健康的，只能作表语 well adv 好地 Eg: She plays the piano very well . 8 with/without a smile on ones face with +宾语+宾语补足语 表伴随 Eg : The man left the meeting room with a book in his hand . 9 表达头疼的几种方式 I have a pain in my head . I have a headache . My head aches /hurts . 10 join(in)
6、 take part in join + 党派，团体名词 表示加入某一党派或团体，并成为其中一员 Eg : She joined the Party last year. join in = take part in +某活动 表示参加某活动 Eg :She joined in the game . join sb 表示加入到某个行列中（一起做某事） Eg :I will join you later . 语法专项语法专项 现在完成时三现在完成时三 语法全解语法全解 1 表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，可能刚刚结束，也可能继续下去，常与 for 或 since 引导的时间状语从句连
7、用，用 how long 提问，谓语动词用延续性动词。 How long have you lived here ? I have lived here for about ten years . We have been very busy since the new term began . 2 短暂性动词的转换问题 英语中有些动词，如 come ,go ,begin ,start, die ,buy ,borrow ,sell 等，被称为短暂性动词。 短暂性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，若与时间段连用通常要借助以下几种方式。 （1）将短暂性动词转化为“be + adj adv” Be
8、gin /start - be on Go there - be there Come back - be back Come here - be here Open - be open Close - be closed Die - be dead Marry - be married Finish - be over Go to bed - be in bed Leave - be away Return - be back Get out - be out Fall asleep - be asleep Lose - be lost Fall ill - be ill The shop
9、has opened for 6 hours . The shop has been open for 6 hours . (2)有的短暂性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词。 Borrow - keep Put on - wear / be on Become - be Get to know - know Buy - have (own) Catch a cold - have a cold Receive - have Go to sleep - sleep I have borrowed that book for a month . I have kept that book for
10、 one month . 说明： 1 瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词 ，短暂性动词，还叫终止性动词。瞬间动词可以有现 在完成时态，但不可以接一段时间，若要接一段时间，则要作一些相应的变换。 2 瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。 Module 5 知识点知识点 1 lets = let us (not)do sth 让我们做（不做）某事 类似的 make sb do sth Lets 包括讲话者在内 变反意疑问句时用 shall we ? Lets try it again . Let us 不包括讲话者在内 变反意疑问句时用 will you ? Let us do it by ours
11、elves 2 through across cross Through Prep 意为“通过，经过”，表示动作是在某一物体的内部空间进行的，如穿 过森林，窗户等 Across Prep 意为“横过，穿过”，表示动作是在物体的表面上进行的，从一端到另 一端，如过河，过桥，过马路等 Cross V 意为“穿过，越过，渡过”相当于 go across Eg : The river runs through the city . Go across the bridge ,and youll find the park . The old man is crossing the road . 3 k
12、eep (on)doing sth keep sb doing sth keep sb /sth from doing sth keep sb (宾语补足语) Keep (on)doing sth “不断做某事，反复做某事”，表示持续不断地做某事 Eg :She kept working all day . Keep sb doing sth “让某人做某事”，keep 在这里有“使. 处于某状态” Eg :I keep them waiting at the gate . Keep sb /sth from doing sth = stop sb /sth (from)doing sth 阻
13、止某人做某事 Eg :I always keep my father from smoking . 4 would you mind doing sth /sth 你介意做某事、某事吗？ mind v 介词 ；反对 Not at all / Im sorry ,but I do . Mind n “思想，想法，头脑，智力” Eg : change ones mind make up ones mind to do sth 5 both and either or neither nor as well as both A and B 两者都，谓语动词用复数 Eg :Both my brothe
14、r and my sister like English . either A or B 两者之中的任一个，谓语动词遵守就近原则。 Eg :Either my brother or my sister likes English . neither A nor B 两者都不，谓语动词遵守就近原则。 Eg :Neither my brother nor my sister is a student . as well as 既.又. ,不但. 而且. 强调的重点在前者，翻译时物译后者，再译前 者 Eg : She speaks Spanish as well as English and Fre
15、nch . 6 experience v 经历 n 经历 （可数名词） 经验，体验 （不可数名词） Lesson n 经验，教训 （可数名词） Eg : Its a pleasant experience to have a picnic with friends . He is a man of great experience . 7 cant help doing sth / cant help to do sth Cant help doing sth “禁不住做某事，情不自禁做某事” Cant help to do sth “不能帮助做某事” Eg :She couldnt help
16、 smiling . Eg :She cant help (to)do the housework . 8 expect = look forward to 期待，盼望后接名词，代词或动词不定式 Eg : He is expecting her letter . She expects to go there next week . He expected her to go with him . 9 ones own + 名词 a/an 名词+of ones own 某人自已的 Eg : Thats her own idea .= Thats an idea of her own . 10
17、in the 1980s = in the 1980s 在 20 世纪 80 年代 语法专项语法专项 一般现在时，一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般现在时，一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 语法全解语法全解 1 概念不同 一般现在时表示主语经常性和习惯性动作或存在的状态，也表示说话者的能力及自然现 象。一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事，存在的状态或经常性发生的动作。说话的侧重 点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对“现在”产生的影响。现在完成时表示动作发生在过 去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果，不与表示过去的时间状语连用。 She often does her homework in the eve
18、ning . He visited Guilin in 1998. Jill has bought a new computer. 2 构成方式不同 一般现在时中谓语动词的构成有以下三种情况： （1） be 动词的一般现在时形式； am is are (2)动词 have 的一般现在时形式：have has (3)其他行为动词的一般现在时形式有动词原 形和第三人称单数形式； 一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式；而现在完成时的谓语基本构成 时“助动词 have /has +动词的过去分词” 3 时间状语不同 一般现在时的时间状语主要有：always ,usually ,often ,sometimes
19、 ,every day ,on Sundays ,in the morning /afternoon/evening 等； 一般过去时通常与 yesterday ,last week ,two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等表示过去的时间 状语连用； 而现在完成时则常与 just already ever never 等副词和 these days ,this week, since .for .等表示一段时间的状语连用。 We play football in the afternoon. Did you see the film last night ? He has lived in Beijing for 8 years .
