1、odule 7 English for you and me Unit 3 Language in use 语法聚焦语法聚焦 类类 别别 引导词（组）引导词（组） 举举 例例 时间状语从 句 when, while, as, before, after, until, as soon as I ll tell her as soon as she comes back. 她一回来我就告诉她。 条件状语从 句 if We ll go shopping if it doesn t rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我们 就去购物。 状语从句和不定式状语从句和不定式 一、状语从句 1.
2、定义:在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、 形容词或副词等的句 子称为状语从句。 2. 状语从句分时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、 比较、方式等几种类型。具体如下： 地点状 语从句 where Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志 者事竟成。 原因状 语从句 because, since, as Since everyone is here， let s begin the meeting. 既然大家都在这儿，咱们就开 会吧。 比较状 语从句 than, as It was much better than I d expected. 这比 我预
3、料的要好得多。 目的状 语从句 so that, in order that I got up early so that I could catch up the early bus. 我早起以便能赶上早班公共汽 车。 结果状 语从句 so that He got up so late that he was late for class. 他起床如此晚以致上课迟到了。 让步状 语从句 although, though Although it is very cold, we will go to school. 虽然天气很冷，我们仍将去上学。 方式状 语从句 as, as if / as
4、though He looks as if he is angry. 他看上去好像 生气了。 3.时态时态 类类 别别 要要 点点 举举 例例 在时间状语从句 和条件状语从句 中,如果主句是一 般将来时,从句用 一般现在时代替 一般将来时,这种 现象叫作主将 从现 主句用一般将来时,时 间或条件状语从句多 用一般现在时 When Ben grows up, he will travel around Europe. 等本长大后,他将环游欧 洲。 主句是祈使句,从句通 常要用一般现在时 Ask him about it as soon as he comes back. 他一回 来就问他。 主句
5、是含有情态动词 的一般现在时,从句多 用一般现在时 You may go home if your task is finished. 如果任务 完成了你就可以回家。 在状语从句中,如果主句的时态是过去将 来时,那么从句要用一般过去时,即主过 从过 She said she would call me before she left. 她说过 她离开之前会给我打电 话的。 二、不定式二、不定式 1. 定义定义：不定式是一种非限定动词,通常由to+动词原形构成。 这里的to是不定式的符号,没有词义,有时还可以省略。动词不 定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能单独用作谓语。动词 不定式的肯定形式是t
6、o+do，否定形式是not+to+do。 2. 用法用法 成成 分分 用用 法法 作主语 不定式可以直接作主语。但在英语中,常用it作形式主语, 真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如: It isn t right to kill whales for their meat. = To kill whales for their meat isn t right. 为了鲸鱼的肉而杀害它们是不对的。 作宾语 常置于一些动词后作宾语。常见的可接不定式作宾语的 动词有want, hope, like, begin, start, try, need, forget, remember, agree,
7、learn, help, decide, manage, continue, stop, plan, offer, love等 作宾 语补 足语 和形 容词 补足 语 常见的短语有: ask sb. to do sth., tell sb. to do sth., teach sb. to do sth., wish sb. to do sth., invite sb. to do sth., allow sb. to do sth., get sb. to do sth., advise sb. to do sth., need sb. to do sth., be afraid / fri
8、ghtened to do sth., be excited to do sth., be happy / glad / pleased to do sth., be surprised to do sth.,be sorry to do sth. 作状 语 表示目的或原因等，可以放在句末，也可以放在句首。如: He got up early to catch the plane to Shanghai. 他早起是为了 赶上去上海的飞机。 Our government is working hard to save pandas. 我们的政府正 在努力采取措施去挽救熊猫。 作定 语 修饰名词或
9、代词，起形容词的作用，在句中作定语，放在 被修饰对象的后面，一般是表示物体的用途或者要做的事 等。如: I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多家庭作业要做。 Give me something to eat, please. 请给我一点儿吃的东西。 作 表 语 常位于系动词的后面,表示主语的具体内容、目的等。如: The best way is to read the play before you see it. 最好的方法是在你看这个话剧 之前先读一读它。 不 带 to 的 不 定 式 作 宾 补 有些动词后常接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，常见的此类动词
10、有：feel, hear, let, make, see, watch, notice, help；但在被动语态中，作宾语补足语的不 定式中的不定式符号to不能省略（let除外）。这些动词后也可接现在分词， 表示动作正在进行。如: I often hear him sing. 我经常听见他唱歌。 I hear him singing. 我听见他正在唱歌。 He is often heard to sing. 他经常被听见在唱歌。 注意: 有些动词后只能接动名词。常见的有：finish, enjoy, practise, avoid, mind, suggest等。如: She has just
11、 finished reading the book. 她刚读完这本书。 有些动词后既可接不定式也可接动名词，但表达的意思差别很大。 常见的有：remember, forget, stop等，接不定式时表示要做的事，接动名词时 表示做过的事。如: I remembered seeing you before. 我记得从前见过你。 I ll remember to see you tomorrow. 我会记得明天要去看你。 3. 一些常见的不定式句型 （1）Sth. + be + adj. + to do. This question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难
12、回答。 These apples are not good to eat. 这些苹果不宜吃。 （2）It is time to do sth. It is time to go to school. 到去上学的时间了。 （3）It takes sb. some time to do sth. It takes me 5 minutes to go to school. 去上学花费我五分 钟的时间。 （4）特殊疑问词+不定式 Do you know what to do next? 你知道下一步要做什么吗? 课堂小测课堂小测 一、根据句意及中文提示完成单词 1. I hope I can _（实
13、现） my dream. 2. There are three storeys（楼层） _（包括） the ground floor. 3. The temperature was five below _（零） last night. 4. Only about a _（四分之一） of the earth is land. 5. Parched corn was the main diet of the _（印度人）. achieve including zero quarter Indians 二、根据汉语意思完成句子，词数不限 6. 你能从他身上学到很多东西。（learn from）
14、You can _ him. 7. 妈妈去钓鱼了，没去购物。（instead of） Mum went fishing _. 8. 杰克对观光一点都不感兴趣。（be interested in） Jack _ sightseeing at all. 9. 爱丽丝人怎么样？（be like） _ Alice _? 10. 迈克第一个通过终点线，所以我们为他感到骄傲。（be proud of） Mike was the first one _ the finishing line，so we _ him. learn a lot from instead of going shopping isn
15、 t interested in going What is like to cross were proud of 三、单项填空（语法专练） （ ）11. The nurse won t leave her patients _ she s sure they re all taken good care of. A. unless B. because C. since D. if （ ）12. Did you catch the early bus this morning? Yes. The bus started to move _ I got on it. A. though B.
16、 before C. as soon as D. as if （ ）13. How kind you are! You always do what you can _ others. A. help B. helping C. helps D. to help A C D （ ）14. We advise parents_ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A. not to leave B. not leave C. not leaving D. not to leaving （ ）15
17、. I kept _ about the match in the afternoon. A. to think B. thinking C. think D. to thinking A B A. 回答问题（核心素养：语言能力） 请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答问题。 When you are learning English, you find it not clever to put an English sentence, word for word, into your own language. Take the sentence How do you do? as an
18、 example. If you look up each word in the dictionary, one at a time, what is your translation （翻 译）? It must be a wrong sentence in your own language. Languages do not just have different sounds. They are different in many ways. It s important to master（掌握） the rules for word order in the study of E
19、nglish, too. If the speaker puts words in a wrong order, the listener can t understand the speaker s sentence easily. Sometimes when the order of words in an English sentence is changed, the meaning of the sentence changes. But sometimes the order is changed, the meaning of the sentence doesn t chan
20、ge. Let s see the difference between the two sentences: She only likes apples. Only she likes apples. I have seen the film already. I have already seen the film. When you are learning English, you must do your best to get the spirit of the language and use it as the English speaker does. Answer the
21、following questions. 1. What is the incorrect way while learning English? _ 2. What are important for us to master in the study of English? _ _ 3. What cant the listener do if the speaker puts words in the wrong order? _ 4. What will probably happen when the order of words in an English sentence is
22、changed? _ _ 5. Why does the writer give us the two examples? _ _ _ It is to put an English sentence, word for word, into our own language. The rules for word order are important for us to master in the study of English. The listener cant understand the speakers sentence easily. The meaning of the s
23、entence will change or doesnt change at all when the order of words in an English sentence is changed. Because he / she wants to tell us that we must do our best to get the spirit of the language and use it as the English speaker does. B. 书面表达 假如你是张华，你在外地学习的好朋友王伟发电子邮件向 你请教如何学好英语。请你根据以下要点用英语给他回封电 子邮件
24、。 内容包括： 1.看英语电影、听英语歌曲,猜测生词意思。 2.与外教交谈。 3.把单词写在纸条上，利用纸条记忆单词。 作文要求： 1. 不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生 的真实姓名。 2. 语句连贯，词数80个左右。作文的开头和结尾已经给出， 不计入总词数。 【写作思路点拨】 第一步：学好英语的方法之一：利用各种媒体学习英语。 参考句型： 1. Watching English films and listening _. 2. Try to guess_. 第二步：学好英语的方法之二：与外教交谈。参考句型： Having a conversation with _. 第三
25、步:学好英语的方法之三：利用纸条记单词。参考句型： Write four or five words a day _, read them when_. 第四步：检查自己的写作。（1. 要求的3个内容都写到了吗？ 2. 是否有语法错误？） Watching English films and listening to English songs are great ways to learn English! Watch and listen several times, and guess the meaning of the new words. Having a conversation
26、 with a foreign teacher is also a good way. Youd better start it with greetings or a question. Also, smile before you speak and do not feel shy. Write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place them in your room. Read the words when you see them, and try to use them. Dear Wang Wei, I received your email yesterday. In the email, you asked me how to improve your English. Now Id like to give you some advice. These are my suggestions. I hope they are useful to you. Yours, Zhang Hua 此部分习题详见独立装订的课后作业。请同学们完 成下册课后作业Module 7的Unit 3下面的所有练习题。 课后作业课后作业
