1、选修二 unit1 reading and thinking 中英文对照 JOHN SNOW DEFEATSKING“ CHOLERA”约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱” Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. In the early 19th cen
2、tury, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he
3、 never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all 霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一， 直到一位英国医生约翰 斯诺向我们展示了如何才能 战胜霍乱。这种疾病会导致严重腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。19 世纪初，欧洲爆发霍乱，数百 万人死于霍乱。作为一名年轻的医生，约翰斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治 疗霍乱。很快，他成为了一位著名的医生，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照顾她。然而，他从 未失去彻底消灭霍乱的愿望 In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theorie
4、s to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1
5、854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. 一般来说， 当时的医生有两种相互矛盾的理论来解释霍乱是如何传播的。 一种理论认为是空 气不好导致了这种疾病。 另一种说法是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。 斯诺赞同第 二种理论。这是对的，但他还需要证据。因此，18
6、54 年伦敦爆发霍乱时，斯诺开始进行调 查。他发现有两条街道的霍乱疫情非常严重，十天内有 500 多人死亡。他决心找出原因。 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37.38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21
7、Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge 下雪的开始是在地图上标出所有死去的人居住过的确切地点。Broad Street 的水泵附近有多 人死亡（尤其是 16 号、37.38 号和 40 号房子） 。但是，有些家庭（如 20 和 21 Broad Street， 8 和 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the
8、water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every
9、day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks. 没有死亡。 这些人在剑桥街 7 号的酒吧工作。 他们得到了免费啤酒， 所以没有喝水泵里的
10、水。 斯诺怀疑是水泵造成的。更糟糕的是，在伦敦的另一个地方，一名妇女和她的女儿在离开布 罗德街后死于霍乱。这个女人似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水，所以她每天都要把水送到她家里。 作为这一证据的结果， 约翰斯诺能够宣布水泵的水携带霍乱病菌。 因此， 他把泵的手柄取下， 使其无法使用。通过这一干预措施，疾病得以遏制。 The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste .Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cas
11、es of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. 事实是，街上水泵的水已经被垃圾污染了，而且，斯诺后来发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同 供水公司之间的联系。 一些
12、公司出售被未经处理的废水污染的泰晤士河的水。 喝这种水的人 比喝纯净水或白开水的人更容易得霍乱。 Through Snows tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many
13、die from it. Fortunately, we know to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientist study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of epidemiology 通过斯诺的不懈努力，自来水公司开始销售清洁水，全球霍乱的威胁也大幅减少。然而，霍 乱仍然是一个问题。每年，全
14、世界有数百万人感染霍乱，许多人死于霍乱。幸运的是，多亏 了约翰斯诺的工作，我们知道如何预防霍乱。此外，斯诺在使用地图和统计学的过程中， 改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被认为是流行病学之父 课文填空 JOHN SNOW DEFEATS KING CHOLERA John Snow was a famous doctor in London so expert, indeed, that he attended _Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became _(inspire) when he thought about
15、_(help) ordinary people _(expose) _ cholera. This was the _(dead) disease of its day. Neither its cause _ its cure _(be) understood. So many thousands of _(terrify) people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would
16、 never _ (control) until its cause was found. He became _(interest) in two theories that _(possible) explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victim. The second suggested that people absorb
17、 this disease _ their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly _the body and soon the _(affect) person died. John Snow suspect that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, John Snow was ready to begin his enquiry. As the
18、disease _(spread) quickly through poor neighborhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was _ severe that more than 500 people died in 10 days. He was determined to find out why. First he marked on a map the exact places _ all the dead people had lived.
19、This gave him a _(value) clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the _(death) were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not _(foresee)
20、this, so he made further _(investigate). He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not _(drink) the water from the pump. _ seemed that the water was_ (blame). Next, John Snow_ the source of the water for these two streets. He fo
21、und that it came from the river _ (pollute) by the dirty water from London. He _ (immediate) told the _(astonish) people in Broad Street to _ the handle from the water pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas. _ (prevent) this from _ (happen) again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies _(examine). The water companies were instructed not to expose people _ polluted water any more. Finally King Cholera _(defeat).
