1、 reading and thinkingUnit 1Science and scientistsPost-reading“To raise new questions,new possibilities,to regard old problems from a new angle,requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science.”-Albert Einstein”“提出新的问题，发现新的可能，从新的角度审视已存在的问题，这些需要创造性的想象力，并标志着科学的真正进步。”-阿尔伯特阿尔伯特爱因斯坦爱因斯坦”Lea
2、d indo nucleic acid testget vaccinatedSelf-isolationLead inmalaria疟疾bird-flu禽流感plague 鼠疫cholera/klr/霍乱Ebola bl 埃博拉Watch and learnWatch and learndiarrhoea/dar/n.腹泻腹泻dehydration/dihadren/n.脱水脱水Pre-reading(Prediction)John Snow Defeats“King Cholera”Who?How?What?According to the title,the story is going
3、to tell us information about.The text is mainly about _ and _ he defeated king cholera.howJohn Snowscientific researchPre-reading Draw a conclusion Collect data Ask a question Find a problem Analyze the results Find supporting evidence Think of a method While-readingPara.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5A.J
4、ohn Snow decided to prove the second theory.B.Snows contributions.C.John Snow desired to destroy cholera.D.Snow began his study by marking on the map.E.Truth of the infection of cholera.Para.1-complete the mind mapcholeraWhat?It is one of _ because it causes _.When?_.Where?_.What consequence?_.John
5、SnowWho?A_doctor who even attended_ when she gave birth.What?He had a desire to_once and for all.the most feared diseasessevere diarrhoea,dehydration and even deathIn the early 19th century.In Europe.Millions of people died from the disease famousto Queen Victoria destroy choleraWhile-reading In gen
6、eral,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.Snow subscribed to the second theory.It was correct,but he still needed proof.Consequ
7、ently,when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854,Snow began to investigate.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.1.What are the two theories?Which theory did John Snow think was
8、 reasonable?2.What did John Snow investigate when another outbreak hit London in 1854?Para.2Find a problemAsk a questionWhat does the red stars stand for?Multiple deaths happened here.What does the green stars stand for?No death happened here.Why?PUB:free beer from public houseSuspect that the water
9、 pump was to blame.But he needed proofs!1.What method did Snow use?2.What did he find on the map?What did he do to deal with it?A map.Para.3Para.3Analyze the resultsFind supporting evidenceSnow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.There were multiple deaths n
10、ear the water pump in Broad Street(especially house numbers 16,37,38,and 40).However,some households(such as 20 and 21 Broad Street,and 8 and 9 Cambridge8 Street)had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer,and so had not drunk the water from t
11、he pump.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.What is more,in another part of London,a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.the water pu
12、mp was to blameThink of a methodCollect dataPara.3Draw a conclusionAs a result of this evidence,John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.Through this intervention,the disease was stopped in
13、 its tracks.Remove the handle of the pumpThe disease was stoppedSnow had the_ of the pump removed.EIt was believed that cholera was caused by _ or germs in _.ASnow _the places where people who_ had lived.Bbad airfood or watermarked on died The pump water carried_.Dcholera germshandlea mapMany deaths
14、 occurred near the _in Broad Street.Some people _ drunk the water from the pump,and lived.A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after _ _.Cwater pumphad notfrom the pumpdrinking waterRead from Para.2-3 again and complete the chart below.conclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesconc
15、lusion evidence process solution theoriesPara.4-5-answer the questions1.What caused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854?2.What contributions did John Snow make?_ sold water from the River Thames that was _ by raw waste,causing people who drank this water to get cholera.1)Water companies began to sell _.2)The threat of cholera around the world _.3)He helped people know how to _ cholera.4)Snow _ the way scientists study diseases.Some companies pollutedclean watersaw a substantial decreasepreventtransformedthe father of modern epidemiology Post-reading
