1、UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE 素养导航导航 主题语境人与自然 自然探索 “探险”,既是人类对未知的挑战,也是人类对自身的挑战。“探险”, 有成功的欣喜,也有失败的悲壮。探险过程中的任何艰难险阻,都 阻挡不了人类探索未知世界的激情,阻挡不了人类迈向全新领域的 脚步。欧内斯特 亨利 沙克尔顿把自己的一生奉献给了南极探险。 Ernest Henry Shackleton Ernest Henry Shackleton was born on February 15th 1874 in Ireland.The second of ten children,he was br
2、ought up in London,attending Dulwich College before joining the Merchant Navy aged 16. Shackleton was certified as a Master Mariner in 1898 and was accepted in 1901 on the Discovery expedition to Antarctica led by Robert Scott.He was chosen to accompany Scott on the most southern march towards the S
3、outh Pole for research purposes,returning home due to ill health. On January 1st 1908 he led a crew on the Nimrod expedition,sailing to Antarctica again.Trekking towards the South Pole in the quest to be first,they reached the closest ever achieved before turning back or facing certain death.It was
4、a race against starvation but they made it back to the ship just in time to return to England. On his return he was greeted as a hero by King Edward .After the South Pole was reached by Roald Amundsen in 1912 he decided to plan for the last great Antarctic expedition,to cross the continent. On Augus
5、t 8th 1914 he set sail from Plymouth.Encountering awful weather,the Endurance became stuck in the ice before sinking in November 1915.With no chance of rescue or raising the alarm,Shackleton planned a daring and dangerous rescue to sail in a lifeboat to South Georgia and reach a whaling station. Wit
6、h four other crew they launched the James Caird into the seas of the Antarctica and against all the odds they reached South Georgia.Then having to go across mountain ranges to the other side of the island they finally reached help on May 20th 1916 before rescuing the rest of the crew on August 30th.
7、 In September 1921 Shackleton embarked on another expedition to Antarctica on the ship Quest.Whilst in South Georgia Shackleton suffered a fatal heart attack and died on January 5th 1922.He was buried in the Grytviken cemetery in South Georgia. Sir Ernest Shackleton remains one of the greatest leade
8、rs and inspirational explorers in history. 词海拾贝 certify vt.授予(专业合格证书) accompany vt.陪伴 starvation n.饥饿 encounter vt.遇到 embark vi.从事;着手 inspirational adj.鼓舞人心的 典句欣赏 After the South Pole was reached by Roald Amundsen in 1912 he decided to plan for the last great Antarctic expedition,to cross the contin
9、ent. 译文:在1912年罗阿尔德 阿蒙森到达南极后,他决定计划穿越大陆, 做最后一次伟大的南极探险。 分析:本句是一个复合句。he decided to plan.是主句,After the South Pole was reached.是时间状语从句。 探究思辨 1.What inspired Shackleton to make the great expedition to Antarctica? 2.What do you learn from Shackletons story? 答案 1.His spirit of adventure,his bravery and his p
10、ersistence. 2.We must never give up in face of difficulties and stick to our goals until we succeed. Section A Reading and Thinking .知识体系图解 重点词汇 1.adversity n. 2.expedition n 3.endurance n. 4.vigour n. 5.qualified adj. 6.cupboard n. 7.steward n. 8.crush vt. n. 9.stove n. 困境;逆境 探险;远征;探险队 忍耐力;耐久力 精力;力
11、量;活力 符合资格;具备的知识(或技能、学历等) 橱柜;壁橱;衣柜 (轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员;服务员 毁坏;压坏;压碎 拥挤的人群 炉具;厨房灶具 10.belongings n.pl. 11.banjo n. 12.miserable adj. 13.voyage n.动产 班卓琴 痛苦的;令人难受的 航海;航行 海军;海军部队 温馨的;舒适的 自私的 脾气好的/坏的 坚持;孜孜以求 毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神 19. n.工资 20. adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的 21. adj.热情的;热心的 22. adv.布置;分配 24. n.妒忌 25. vi.沉没;下沉;下降
12、vt.使下沉;使沉没 26. vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃 wage bitter enthusiastic aboard assign envy sink abandon 27. n.毯子 28. adj.相当不错的;正派的;得体的 29. adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的 30. vi.决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定 的信念 n.决议;解决;坚定 31. n.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员;专业团队; 一群人 blanket decent genuine resolve resolution crew 重点短语 1. 拒绝(某人) 2. 梦想 3. 为做好了准备 4. 精力充沛 5
13、. 出发 6. 返航;往回走 7.be stuck in 8.call sb together 9.keep up 10.from bad to worse 11.after all 12.fill sb with hope turn sb down dream of be ready for be full of vigour set off turn back 被困在 把召集在一起 保持;不落后 越来越糟 毕竟 使充满了希望 重点句式 1.Well,it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the adver
14、tisement about the Antarctic expedition. 2.Without Frank and Ernest,wed all be dead by now. .阅读导学 A.阅读P38-P39课文内容,判断正(T)误(F)。 1.The author learned about the Antarctic adventure from the newspaper. 2.The author had been dreaming of an expedition to the South Pole. 3.At the beginning of the adventure,
15、the author was very excited. 4.Shackleton allowed Hussey to keep the banjo because he was fond of music. 5.The sailors felt desperate when Shackleton left them in his small ship. 答案 1.T 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.F B.根据P38-P39课文内容,选择正确答案。 1.Why was the author turned down by Shackleton? A.Because he was not well
16、prepared. B.Because he was not fit enough. C.Because he was not full of vigour. D.Because he wasnt old enough and lacked experience. 2.What can we know about the author? A.He went on aboard the ship without permission. B.He wanted to serve as a cook on the ship. C.He came out of his hiding place 3 d
17、ays later. D.He was caught by Shackleton on the ship. 答案 D 答案 A 3.How did Shackleton feel when they had to abandon the ship? A.He became worried. B.He remained calm. C.He felt frightened. D.He grew anxious. 4.What do you think of Shackleton? A.He is adventurous and responsible. B.He is generous and
18、helpful. C.He is strict but warm-hearted. D.He is courageous but careless. 答案 B 答案 A 重点词汇 1.However,when I applied to join the expedition,Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasnt qualified. 然而,当我申请加入探险队时,沙克尔顿拒绝了我,因为他认为我太 年轻,不合格。 【词汇精讲】 turn sb down拒绝(某人) He asked Jane t
19、o marry him,but she turned him down. 他请求简嫁给他,但她拒绝了。 【词汇拓展】 turn down 拒绝;调小 turn to 求助于;翻到(书的某页);查阅 turn away 拒绝入内;把打发走 turn up 出现;露面;调大 turn out 证明是;结果是;赶走;生产 turn over 打翻;翻身;移交 turn in 上交 She could not bear the loud music and turned down the volume. 她受不了这么大声的音乐,就把音量调小了。 You shouldnt always turn to
20、the dictionary when you meet new words in reading. 阅读的时候遇到生词你不应该总是查字典。 Some compromises were unavoidable,but the video turned out perfect. 一些妥协是不可避免的,但视频证明是极好的。 2.But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship,the Endurance,and hid in a small c
21、upboard. 但我太热衷于和他们一起去的想法了,所以我偷偷地上了他的 船,“坚忍”号,藏在一个小橱柜里。 【词汇精讲1】enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的 The villagers are friendly and they always give visitors an enthusiastic welcome. 村民们很友好,他们总是热情地欢迎游客。 The teachers are enthusiastic and have a sense of purpose. 教师们很热情并且很有决心。 【词汇拓展1】 be enthusiastic about 对很热情 ent
22、husiasm.热情 enthusiast.热衷的人;爱好者 Im sure it will appeal to you,for youve been enthusiastic about sports. 我确信它会对你有吸引力,因为你一直热衷于体育运动。 We are too tired,but we keep it up with remarkable enthusiasm. 我们太累了,但我们还是情绪高昂地坚持下去。 【词汇精讲2】aboard adv.布置;分配 The two large classrooms have been assigned to us. 这两间大教室分配给了我
23、们。 The teacher assigned a different task to each of the children. 老师给每个孩子布置的任务都不相同。 【词汇拓展】 assignsb sth = assignsthto sb 把某物分派给某人 assignsb to do sth 指派某人做某事 assignment.工作;任务;分派 Ive been assigned to look after the new students. 我被指派照顾新生。 You will need to complete three written assignments per semeste
24、r. 你每学期要完成三个书写任务。 4.How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to! 当我回来告诉他们我去过的神奇的地方时,每个人都会多么羡慕我 啊! 【词汇精讲】 envy n.妒忌 Gradually he began to acknowledge his feelings of envy towards his deskmate. 渐渐地,他开始承认自己羡慕同桌。 I dont envy the young ones whove becom
25、e TV superstars and know no other world. 我不羡慕那些成为超级电视明星但对其他一无所知的年轻人。 The happiness that we now enjoy is the envy of all who know us. 所有认识我们的人都羡慕我们现在享有的幸福。 【词汇拓展】 envy sb sth 羡慕/妒忌某人某事 withenvy 羡慕地 enviable.令人羡慕的 envious.羡慕的;嫉妒的 be envious of 嫉妒 He envied Rosalind her youth and strength. 他羡慕罗莎琳德的青春和力
26、量。 I feel green with envy when I see you in your new dress. 每当我看到你穿新装时,就感到嫉妒。 I am not envious of him,though he has got an enviable job there. 虽然他在那里谋了一份令人羡慕的工作,但我并不嫉妒他。 5.And when the ship sank,our hearts sank with it. 当船沉没时,我们的心也心灰意冷。 【词汇精讲】 sink vi.沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没 The wheels started to sink i
27、nto the mud. 车轮渐渐陷进泥里。 The boat was sunk by a hurricane. 小船被飓风刮沉了。 【词汇拓展】 sink tothe bottom of 沉到的底部 sink into 陷入;沉入;坐进 sink sthinto sth 把插入;把埋入 The ship hit an iceberg and sank to the bottom of the sea.船撞上冰山, 沉入海底。 They lost all their money and sank into desperate poverty. 他们失去了所有的钱,陷入了绝望的贫困。 6.Bef
28、ore we abandoned the ship,Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential suppliesthe small boats,our food,the cook stove,candles,clothes,and blankets. 在我们弃船前,沙克尔顿平静地把我们招集在一起,让我们挽救最 基本的补给小船、食物、烹饪炉、蜡烛、衣服和毯子。 【词汇精讲】 abandon vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃 The officers and crew prepared to ab
29、andon the ship in an orderly fashion. 全体船员秩序井然地准备弃船。 The storm got worse and worse.Finally,I was obliged to abandon the bike and continue on foot. 暴风雨愈发猛烈,我最终不得不弃车步行。 【词汇拓展】 abandon oneself to.沉湎于;纵情于 abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 abandoned.被遗弃的;放纵的 be abandoned to 沉湎于 He owned a farm,which looked almost
30、abandoned. 他有一个农场,看上去几乎废弃了。 They should abandon playing computer games and cheating in the exams. 他们应该放弃玩电脑游戏和考试作弊。 7.Their genuine concern for others,their perseverance,and their resolve fill me with hope. 他们对别人的真正关爱、他们的毅力和决心使我充满了希望。 【词汇精讲】 resolve vi.决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决 心;坚定的信念 Both sides met in orde
31、r to try to resolve their differences. 双方会晤以努力解决分歧。 We must find a way to resolve these problems before its too late. 我们必须及时找到解决这些问题的方法。 He made a resolve to go on a journey early in the next morning. 他决意明天一早就去旅行。 【词汇拓展】 resolve to do sth 决定做某事 resolvethat.决定 resolution.决议;解决;坚定 She resolved to repo
32、rt the matter to the teacher. 她决心向老师汇报这件事情。 He resolved not to tell her the truth. 他决定不告诉她真相。 She resolved that she would never see him again. 她决心再也不见他了。 重点句式 1.Well,it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition. 嗯,碰巧有一天早上我买了一份报纸,看了关于南
33、极探险的广告。 【句式剖析】本句中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的句子。 It (so) happens that.意为“碰巧”。 It happened that they spent their childhood in the same village. 碰巧他们的童年是在同一个村子度过的。 Whether by accident or by design,it so happened that she just came. 不知是偶然还是故意的,碰巧她刚来。 【句式拓展】 it作形式主语的其他常用句型: It occurs/occurred to sb that.某人突然想
34、到 It strikes/struck sb that.某人突然想到 It hits/hit sb that. 某人突然想起 Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. 突然我想起在那个年代,一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。 It hit me that I had met him somewhere. =It struck me that I had met him somewhere. =It occurred to me that I had met him
35、 somewhere. 我突然想起以前在什么地方见过他。 2.Without Frank and Ernest,wed all be dead by now. 没有弗兰克和欧内斯特,我们现在都会死。 【句式剖析】本句是一个含有含蓄虚拟语气的句子,without意为 “没有”,引导的是一种含蓄的条件,当表示与现在或将来事实相反的 假设时,主句用“(could/should/might)+do”,表示与过去事实相反的假 设时,主句用“would(could/should/might)+have done”。 Without water,there would be no life on earth
36、. 没有水,地球上就没有生命。 【句式拓展】 虚拟语气用于含蓄条件句中: (1)在含有with,without,but for等介词或介词短语的句子中。 But for your help,I wouldnt have finished the work on time. 要是没有你的帮助,我就不能按时完成那项工作。 (2)在含有or,otherwise,but,but that等连词的句子中。 I was busy;otherwise I would have attended your birthday party. 我很忙,不然的话我就去参加你的生日聚会了。 (3)其他情况。 Given
37、 more attention,the trees would have grown better. 给予更多的关注,这些树会长得更好。 Five minutes earlier,you could have met her at the station. 早来五分钟的话,你就能在车站见到她了。 .课文语法填空 My name is Perce Blackborow and I have been dreaming of 1 expedition to Antarctica with Sir Ernest Shackleton.One day,I read the advertisement
38、about the Antarctic expedition in the newspaper,but when I 2 (apply) to join it,I was turned down because I was too young and inexperienced.I got aboard the ship without 3 (permit) and hid in a small cupboard,but 4 (discover) three days later.Shackleton assigned me to be a steward,and I cooked for t
39、wenty- eight men.How 5 (excite) I was! The journey was 6 (hard) than I expected.When we went near the Antarctica,our ship became stuck 7 the ice and got crushed.Before abandoning the ship,we were only allowed to take some of our necessities and throw away the rest.We were camping on the ice,but with
40、 spring 8 (come),the ice began to melt. Having struggled for days,the conditions on Elephant Island were going from bad to worse.Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 9 is 1,330 kilometres away.There was no food on the island except seals or penguins we sometimes caught.I was in l
41、ow spirit.However,with the genuine concern of Frank and Ernest,I was filled with hope and thought there was a chance we 10 (return) home,after all. 答案 1.an 2.applied 3.permission 4.was discovered 5.excited 6.harder 7.in ing 9.which 10.would return .概要写作 根据课本P38-P39内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 参考范文 Having read t
42、he advertisement about the Antarctic expedition,I went to apply to join it,but was turned down because I was too young and inexperienced.(要点1)I slipped on the ship without permission,but was discovered 3 days later.Shackleton had to assign me to be a steward.(要点2)Our ship crashed by the ice;we had to camp on the ice.(要点3)Shackleton left us to seek help;we struggled to wait.(要点4)
