1、Book 2 Unit 3 Book 2 Unit 3 On the MoveOn the Move GrammarGrammar- - 动词不定式动词不定式 一一、动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态 时态时态 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态 一般式一般式 to do to be done 进行式进行式 to be doing / 完成式完成式 to have done to have been done 1. 若不定式的动作发生在谓语动作若不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之后之后,不定式用不定式用一般式一般式。 * I hope to see you again. 我希望再见到你我希
2、望再见到你。 2. 若不定式的动作与谓语动作若不定式的动作与谓语动作同时同时发生发生,并强调动作并强调动作正在进行正在进行或持续进或持续进 行行,不定式用不定式用进行式进行式。 *He pretended to be doing his homework when his father came in. 当他父亲进来时他假装正在写作业当他父亲进来时他假装正在写作业。 3. 若不定式的动作发生在谓语动作若不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前之前或强调动作或强调动作已经发生已经发生,不定式用不定式用 完成式完成式。 *She seems to have seen this film.她似乎已看过这部影片
3、她似乎已看过这部影片。 4. 动词不定式的动词不定式的被动被动语态:表示与逻辑主语之间的语态:表示与逻辑主语之间的被动被动关系关系。 * She asked to be treated equally. 她要求被公平对待她要求被公平对待。 句法功能句法功能 主语主语 表语表语 宾语宾语 定语定语 状语状语 (目(目 的、的、 结果)结果) 宾宾 补补 不定不定 式式 二、二、动词不定式句法功能动词不定式句法功能 不定式的句法功能是作主语不定式的句法功能是作主语、表语表语、宾语宾语、宾语宾语 补足语补足语、定语定语、目的状语和结果状语目的状语和结果状语。 1To live in China is
4、 Mr.Smiths dream.(主语主语) 2Your job is to wash dishes.(表语表语) 3She promised to give him a chance.(宾语宾语) 4The teacher told his students to pay attention to their pronunciation.(宾语补足语宾语补足语) 5He is always the first to come.(定语定语) 6Some scientists went to Germany to attend a medical conference.(目的状语目的状语) 7
5、He was too excited to say anything.(结果状语结果状语) V+to do(不定式做宾语)(不定式做宾语) V+sb.+to do (不定式做宾补)(不定式做宾补) afford(负担得起负担得起), ask, demand, (dis)agree,choose, decide,expect, wish, hope, manage ( 设 法 做 到设 法 做 到 ) , offer ( 提 供提 供 ) , want, plan , intend(打算打算)prefer,pretend (假装假装),promise,refuse, learn, fail, t
6、hreaten (威胁威胁), happen(碰巧碰巧), appear/seem(似乎似乎), claim(声声 称称). tell, ask, request, require, order, want, wish, expect, prefer, encourage/inspire, cause, allow/ permit( 允 许允 许 ) , forbid( 禁 止禁 止 ) , teach, train(训训 练练),warn(警告警告), advise. 重点重点1: V+ to do/ doing (意义不同)意义不同) 动词动词 +to do sth. +doing sth
7、. remember 记住要做记住要做 记得做过记得做过 forget 忘记了要做忘记了要做 忘记了做过忘记了做过 regret 遗憾去做遗憾去做 后悔做了后悔做了 mean 打算做打算做 意味着意味着 stop 停下来去做停下来去做 停止做停止做 go on 接着再做接着再做 (不同的事不同的事) 继续做继续做 (同一件事同一件事) try 努力做努力做 试着做试着做 consider 认为认为 考虑做考虑做 cant help 不能帮忙做不能帮忙做 情不自禁做情不自禁做 want/need/require 需要做需要做 需要被做需要被做 It做形式主语做形式主语 (to do 做主语)做主
8、语) It is + adj./n. + (for sb.) + to do sth. it做形式宾语做形式宾语 (to do 做宾语)做宾语) find/ think/ consider/ feel / make it+adj./n. +( for sb. )+ to do sth. 重点重点2: 重点重点3: 不定式做定语(不定式做定语(后置后置): n.(way/chance/opportunity/ability/idea/fact/promis e/ decision/wish/belief)/ 序 数 词序 数 词 (the last)/ 最 高 级最 高 级 /nothing/s
9、omething+to do 重点重点4: 不定式不定式 to do 做状语:做状语: 1)目的状语)目的状语 “为了为了”不定式可放”不定式可放句首和句中句首和句中 = in order to do/ so as to do(不放句首)不放句首) 2)结果状语:)结果状语: be+adj. (glad, happy, surprised.)+ to do * be+ too + adj. + to do be+adj.+enough + to do * (only) to do 表示出乎意料的结果表示出乎意料的结果(to do只能放句中)只能放句中) Eg: He hurried to th
10、e airport, only to find the plane had taken off. 他匆忙赶到机场,结果发现飞机早就起飞了。他匆忙赶到机场,结果发现飞机早就起飞了。 重点重点5: 在在 “一感一感(feel)二听二听(hear, listen to)三让三让(let, have, make)四四 看看(observe, see, watch, look at)” 等等 动词动词(短语短语)后作后作宾语宾语 补足语补足语的动词不定式不带的动词不定式不带to, 但当以上动词用于被动语态但当以上动词用于被动语态 时要带时要带to。 see sb. do/ doing/ done sb.
11、 be seen to do/ doing/ done 重点重点6:据据. Its said(据说据说)/ reported(据报道据报道)/believed(据相信据相信) + that. sb./ sth be said( 据 说据 说 ) / reported ( 据 报 道据 报 道 ) /believed(据相信据相信)+ to do(将要将要)/to be doing(正在做正在做) / to have done(已经完成已经完成) 重点重点7:but不定式不定式(but前有前有do后无后无to) 1) I could do nothing but wait.我除了等待别无办法我除
12、了等待别无办法。 2) I have no choice but to wait.我除了等待别无选择我除了等待别无选择。 重点重点8: cant but cant help but cant choose but 1) There being no buses,he cant but walk home. 由于没有公共汽车由于没有公共汽车,他只能步行回家他只能步行回家。 2) He cant choose but accept the offer.他别无选择只能接受提议他别无选择只能接受提议。 + do 不得不;不得不; 只能只能 完成句子完成句子 (1)Dont (假装懂假装懂) what
13、you dont know. (2)When I came in,he (碰巧碰巧在在 读书读书) (3)She (似乎忘掉了似乎忘掉了) the whole thing. (4)The bike needs (修理修理) (5)Im sorry (带来带来) you so much trouble. (6)I have nothing to do but (wait) here. (7)He had no choice but (give) in. (8)She cant help but (obey) the agreement. (9)We cant choose but (return
14、) unwillingly. (10)It was silly of you (believe) him. pretend to know happened to be reading seemed to have forgotten to be repaired/ repairing to have brought wait to give obey return to believe 翻译句子翻译句子 1. 这把椅子坐起来很舒服。这把椅子坐起来很舒服。 The chair is comfortable _. 2. 他病得太重,不能完成那个项目。他病得太重,不能完成那个项目。 He was
15、too ill _that program. 3. 我让他们把钱还给我。我让他们把钱还给我。 I _me the money back. 4. 为了赶上火车,我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。为了赶上火车,我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。 _, wed better hurry to the station by taxi. 5. 我不得不告诉她真相。我不得不告诉她真相。I _tell her the truth. 6. 她什么都不想做,只想哭一场。她什么都不想做,只想哭一场。 She wanted nothing _. to sit on to finish made them give cant but but to cry To catch the train