1、非谓语动词非谓语动词 非谓语动词非谓语动词是是在一个在一个简单句简单句中不充当谓语的动词，即动词的非谓语形式，中不充当谓语的动词，即动词的非谓语形式， 包括：包括：不定式不定式( ( to doto do), ), 动名词动名词( ( - -inging ) )，分词，分词( ( - -ing/doneing/done) )。 识别非谓语动词：识别非谓语动词： Forced to change his plansForced to change his plans，he worked for several years he worked for several years as a pilo
2、t on a steamboatas a pilot on a steamboat，taking passengers up and down taking passengers up and down the Mississippi, the great river flowing from the north of the US, the Mississippi, the great river flowing from the north of the US, down to the gulf of Mexico.down to the gulf of Mexico. 考点：考点： 1.
3、 语法填空语法填空 2.写作中可以用来代替复合句，来升级句子结构。写作中可以用来代替复合句，来升级句子结构。 The prize of the game show is 30,000 and an The prize of the game show is 30,000 and an all expenses _ (pay) vocation to China.all expenses _ (pay) vocation to China. He was determined to make a difference to the world, He was determined to make
4、 a difference to the world, so he established the nonso he established the non- -profit organization.profit organization. Determined toDetermined to make a difference to the worldmake a difference to the world，hehe established the .established the . paidpaid 非 谓 语 动 词 动名词动名词 v-ing 分词分词 现在分词现在分词 v-in
5、g 过去分词过去分词 done 动词不定式动词不定式 to do 不定式不定式 To do to do (主动主动)； to be done（被动）（被动） to be doing to have done(主主)；to have been done(被被) not to 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾补 1.1.V V+ to do+ to do 2.2.V V+sb to do+sb to do 3. What/how/why/whether/when +to do 3. What/how/why/whether/when +to do 相当于一个名词短语相当于一个名词短语 It rem
6、ains undecided when _(carry) out the plan. to carryto carry people to help . the issue to be solved the activity to be held 4.定语定语 to do to write to be bought to be washed 5.状语 He tried to keep calm，only _(feel) more nervous. 区别：区别：He tried to keep calm， _(feel) much better. to feel I am (only) too
7、pleased to accept your kind invitation. He spoke clearly as to make himself understood. He spoke so fast as _(leave) us puzzled about his topic. to leave _ (sleep) late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm. To sleep 为了为了 , only to do sth 结果却结果却 (意料之中意料之中) (all/only) too +adj + to do sth 非常非常 (根
8、据语境根据语境) so as to do sth 为了为了 so /such as to do sth 太太以至于以至于 feeling 6. sth is +adj +to do； 此句型中此句型中adj 后后 接接 to do 且必须是主动且必须是主动 make sth +adj +to do (常用于此句型常用于此句型adj有有：easy/difficulty/hard/fit/comfortable) to break broken to hold eg: *Dry weather makes this material easy _(break). *Dry weather make
9、s this material easily _(break). *The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version make the ipad 2 more comfortable _(hold). 7. is said/believed/reported 据说; 据信；据报道； is thought/supposed/considered 被认为, happen(碰巧)/seem/appear (似乎) + to do/to be done要要/要被要被 to be doing 正在正在 to have done
10、 sth 已经已经 It made no sense to hide the truth from her, for she appeared _(tell) all. to have been told 8. have no choice/alternative to do sth除了干别无选择 动名词动名词 在简单句中充当在简单句中充当 主，宾，表主，宾，表 的的动词的动词的-ing 形式叫做形式叫做 “ 动名词动名词”。 doing. 做做; being done被被,受到受到 not doing not doing 未未/ /没做没做 not being done not being
11、done 未被未被 主 语 宾语 表语 做志愿者工作有助于培养你的社交能力。（译）做志愿者工作有助于培养你的社交能力。（译） The job involves _(teach) the local kids English. His job is teaching the local kids English. Participating in voluntary work helps develop your social abilities. Being/getting involved in teaching 注意：注意： -ing 和和 to 都可以做主语和表语，但是当这个动作描述的是
12、都可以做主语和表语，但是当这个动作描述的是 目标或目的时多用目标或目的时多用to do, 例如：例如： 注意注意: 1) advise/allow/forbid/permit _ sb _ 2) suggest sb to do 错误错误 3) consider doing 考虑考虑 consider sb/sth to do 认为认为 doingdoing to doto do + *have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) *have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doingdoing _ sth_ sth *have
13、fun/a good time (in) *have fun/a good time (in) doingdoing sth sth 干干 很快乐很快乐 *Waste/spend time (in) *Waste/spend time (in) doingdoing _ sth_ sth doingdoing doingdoing withwith onon You cant imagine what difficulty I had _ (persuade) him.You cant imagine what difficulty I had _ (persuade) him. persua
14、dingpersuading forget _忘记干了忘记干了(干了干了,但不记了但不记了) _ 忘记去干忘记去干 + _ doing/to do doing/to do 无差别无差别 remember _记得干过某事记得干过某事 _记住要干记住要干 regret _ 后悔做了后悔做了(已做已做) I regret _that 很抱歉很抱歉(委婉告知委婉告知) try to do sth 努力努力; try doing 试着试着 mean to do 打算干打算干 mean doing意味着意味着;意思是意思是 stop doing 不做不做 stop to do 停下来去做停下来去做 doi
15、ng/being donedoing/being done to doto do doing/being donedoing/being done to doto do doingdoing to tell you/inform you/say Eg: Eg: My husband blamed me for not remembering _(lock)My husband blamed me for not remembering _(lock) the door on the phone, but I remembered _(do) that.the door on the phone
16、, but I remembered _(do) that. I forgot _(inform) of the time for the meeting and asked him again.I forgot _(inform) of the time for the meeting and asked him again. to lockto lock doingdoing being informedbeing informed sbsb doing doing sbssbs doing doing 如：如：Mary/Tom/Mary/Tom/him/me/ushim/me/us do
17、ing (doing (代词用宾格代词用宾格) ) 如：如：Marys/Toms /Marys/Toms /his/my/ourhis/my/our doing (doing (adjadj性物主代词性物主代词) ) 注意：注意： 作主语作主语只能只能用用_;_; 作宾语用作宾语用_;_; sbssbs doingdoing sbs/sbsbs/sb doingdoing _(he) not being present at the party annoyed the host._(he) not being present at the party annoyed the host. His
18、 parents disapprove of _His parents disapprove of _ ( (他报名参加比赛他报名参加比赛). ). His His his/himhis/him signing up for the contestsigning up for the contest 分词分词 现在分词现在分词-doing 过去分词过去分词 done 被动被动 doing 主动主动 being done 被动被动 having done 主动主动 having been done 被动被动 not not doingdoing；not having ; not donenot
19、having ; not done 定，状，补，表定，状，补，表 (1) (1) doing doing 干干 的；的； being donebeing done正在被正在被 的；的； done done 被被 的的 注：注：having having 不能作定语不能作定语 (2) (2) 单个分词作定语一般前置；单个分词作定语一般前置； a a brokenbroken vase; a swimming poolvase; a swimming pool 短语作定语后置短语作定语后置; ; a vase a vase broken by Tom; broken by Tom; thoseth
20、ose living in the townliving in the town (3) 几个特殊的几个特殊的“ “不及物动词不及物动词” ” 的的- -ing ing 和和- -ed ed 形式作定语的差别形式作定语的差别 falling leaves falling leaves 落叶（正在落下）落叶（正在落下） developing countriesdeveloping countries发展中国家发展中国家 fallen leaves fallen leaves 落叶（在地上的）落叶（在地上的） developed countries developed countries 发达国家
21、发达国家 boiled water boiled water 凉白开凉白开 the rising sun the rising sun 冉冉上升的太阳冉冉上升的太阳 boiling water boiling water 沸水沸水 the risen sun the risen sun 升起的太阳升起的太阳 (4)(4) 正在讨论的问题正在讨论的问题 明天要讨论的问题明天要讨论的问题 昨天讨论过的问题昨天讨论过的问题 正在建设的道路正在建设的道路 明年要建的道路明年要建的道路 刚竣工的道路刚竣工的道路 the problem the problem being discussedbeing d
22、iscussed nownow the problem the problem to be discussedto be discussed tomorrowtomorrow the problem the problem discussed discussed yesterdayyesterday the road_ nowthe road_ now the road _next yearthe road _next year the road newly the road newly _ being constructedbeing constructed to be constructe
23、dto be constructed constructedconstructed Surprised/surprising; terrifying/terrified; satisfied/satisfying; annoyed/annoying; disgusted/disgusting; upset/upsetting; Interested/interesting; disappointed/disappointing; Eg: We could tell from the fathers _ look that the boy was very _(disappoint). It w
24、as really _(surprise) to me that he won the contest. disappointeddisappointed disappointingdisappointing surprisingsurprising a swimming pool = a pool for swimming a walking stick 拐杖拐杖 = a stick for walking a sleeping bag 睡袋睡袋 = a sleeping bad + sb./sthsb./sth + + sb/sth. do 让让做做 be done 让让 被做被做 + +
25、 sb/sth. do 让让做做 done 让让 被做被做 + + sb./sth. to do 让让做做 done 让让被做被做 doing 让让开始开始.起来起来 + +sb./sth. + do 让让做做 done 让让被做被做 doing 让让.一直一直. doing 让让.做做. done让让.被被 +sb./sth+ doing 撞见某人正在做撞见某人正在做. +sb doing 让让.在做在做. done 让让.被被. to do 让让.去做（将来）去做（将来） to be done 留下某事要做留下某事要做 +sb/sth doing done 被被 being done 正在
26、被正在被. to do有有.要做要做 sb/sth doing doing 干干 的；的； being donebeing done正在被正在被 的；的； done done 被被 的的 having done having done 干干 之后之后 （主动）（主动）( (此动作比谓语先发生此动作比谓语先发生) ) having been done having been done 被被 之后之后 （被动）（被动） SeeingSeeing from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. SeenSeen from the
27、top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. _(learn) English for many years, I could speak it fluently. He went aboard, _(leave) his garden unattended. Having learnedHaving learned leavingleaving 注意：分词作状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致注意：分词作状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致. . 非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词作状语是语言表达的一种方式，与主句有一定的逻辑关系，是语言表达的一种方式
28、，与主句有一定的逻辑关系， 相当于一个相当于一个从句从句。 1. The guest entered the office and were accompanied by the manager. 2. Because he was ill, he was absent from the meeting. 3. If were had been given more time，we could have done better. 4. He was busy preparing for the exam, which made him unable to attend the party. ,
29、 accompanied by the manager., accompanied by the manager. Being ill, Being ill, Given more time,Given more time, , making him unable to attend the party, making him unable to attend the party 5. Unless she was spoken to ，she kept quiet at the party. UnlessUnless spoken to, shespoken to, she 注意：注意： 为
30、了更好地表达为了更好地表达 分词分词 与句子的逻辑关系，与句子的逻辑关系， 分词前可以保留分词前可以保留 连词连词 即：即： If/When/Unless + doing/doneIf/When/Unless + doing/done， 主语主语+ +谓语谓语 If used properly, this device can bring out positive effects.If used properly, this device can bring out positive effects. be seated be hidden be lost in be dressed in b
31、e exposed to 接触 be faced/confronted with 面对 be addicted to上瘾 be devoted/committed to seat oneself hide oneself lose oneself in dress oneself/sb expose sth to face/confront sth 面对 addict oneself to be devoted to Eg: He stared at the stars, _(lose) in deep thought. Eg: He stared at the stars, _(lose)
32、in deep thought. _ himself in deep thought_ himself in deep thought The mother was away for a whileThe mother was away for a while，leaving the baby _(seat) onleaving the baby _(seat) on the ground alone.the ground alone. lost losing seated smell/taste/feel/sound 闻起来；尝起来；摸起来；听起来闻起来；尝起来；摸起来；听起来 sell 销
33、量 1. _(smell) fragrant, the kind of flower sells quite well. 2. His new book was very popular, _ (sell)10,000 copies a year. Smelling selling 1.1.generally/generally/ FranklyFrankly speakingspeaking，一般来说，一般来说/ /坦率地说坦率地说, , 2.2.judging from, judging from, 从从 来判断来判断 3.3.allowing for, allowing for, 考虑到
34、考虑到; ; 鉴于鉴于 4.4.considering/Given, considering/Given, 鉴于，考虑到鉴于，考虑到 5.5.taking into consideration, taking into consideration, 全面来看全面来看 =All taken into consideration,=All taken into consideration, 6.to be honest=honestly speaking6.to be honest=honestly speaking 7.to start with 7.to start with 首先首先 8.t
35、o tell the truth8.to tell the truth，说实话；，说实话； 9.Believe it or not9.Believe it or not，信不信由你，信不信由你 Eg: Eg: Given Given the bad weather, the bad weather, the meetingthe meeting was put off.was put off. TakingTaking all into consideration, all into consideration, the planthe plan deserves a try.deserves
36、 a try. 分词有自己的逻辑主语分词有自己的逻辑主语 ，这种带主语，这种带主语 的分词叫独立主格。的分词叫独立主格。 分词主语分词主语+ doingdoing/done/ /done/ to doto do( (要要) / /介介/ /advadv, , 句子主语句子主语+ 谓语谓语 1. HeHe being absent, nothing could be done. 2. His attention _(pay) to a book, he didnt notice me. 3. He has published two books, a third one _(come) out
37、soon. 4. There being no bus, we had to walk home. 因为没有车 paid to come doing done 被被 to do有有.要做（必须用主动）要做（必须用主动） 介介/副词副词 sb/sth 1. With some papers _(grade), the teacher had to stay up late. 2. He left, with all the lights on. 3. He was praying, with his eyes closed and fingers _(cross). to grade crossed
