1、Unit 5 Learning from nature 突破突破 语法大冲关语法大冲关 非限定动词作主语、宾语和表语 一、动词的非限定形式(即非谓语形式)作主语 观察例句 1Knowing basic first- aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. 2It is no use complaining without taking action. 3To climb the mountain is hard work but to go down the mountain is great fun. 4It
2、is not easy to find your way around the town. 归纳用法 1ing 形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用 it 作形式主语。常用于固定句型：Its a waste of time doing.；Its no use/good doing.；It is useless doing.；There is no.等中。 2不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用 it 作形式 主语。 3it 作形式主语时，不定式或- ing 形式是真正的主语，放在句子 后部，以使句子保持平衡。 即学即练 1 单句语法填空 His _(come)late mad
3、e the teacher very angry. It is no use _(cry)over spilt milk. _(see)is to believe. It is important _(respect)people. coming crying To see to respect 二、动词的非限定形式作宾语 观察例句 1My English teacher promised to lend some books to me. 2We only missed seeing each other by five minutes. 3Do you mind being interru
4、pted while studying? 4My mother couldn t help smiling when she heard the good news. 归纳用法 1下列动词后只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage， care，pretend; offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help， afford，strive，happen，wait，thre
5、aten 等 2 下列动词或动词短语后只能用- ing 形式作宾语， 请牢记下面的 口诀： 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon; admit， delay/put off，fancy(想象，设想); avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice; deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate; forbid，imagine，risk; cant help，mind， allow/permit
6、，escape 此外，下列动词短语后也要用- ing 形式作宾语： be used/accustomed to，lead to，devote to，go back to，stick to， object to， get down to， pay attention to， cant stand (无法忍受)， give up， feel like，insist on，thank.for，apologize for，be busy (in)，have difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)，spend time (
7、in)，look forward to 3 下列动词或动词短语后既可以用- ing 形式作宾语， 也可以用不 定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意： 后接不定式 后接动名词 regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记已做过某事 remember to do sth.记得要去做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 try to do sth.努力/
8、企图去做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事 cant help (to)do sth. 不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth.情不自禁地 做某事 I had meant to give you this book today，but I forgot. 我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。 Missing this train means waiting for another hour. 错过这辆火车意味着再等一小时。 即学即练 2 单句语法填空 David refused _(accept)my invitation. I had great difficu
9、lty _(find)the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. Bill suggested _(hold)a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation. to accept finding holding 三、动词的非限定形式作表语 观察例句 1His wish is to be a doctor in the future. 2My job is to clean the rooms every day. 3Our task is playing all kinds
10、 of music. 4My job is teaching. 归纳用法 1不定式作表语常用来表示预计要发生的动作，也可用来表示 未来的可能性和假设；但当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容 时，这时的不定式只作单纯的表语，而不具有未来的含义。 2ing 形式作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是 表示无生命的名词或 what 引导的名词性从句。 即学即练 3 单句语法填空 The queens work is _(lay)eggs. The purpose of education is _(develop)a fine personality in children. The nex
11、t step is _(make)sure that you know exactly what is required. His ambition is _(go)Harvard University. laying to develop to make to go .单句语法填空 1_(surround)by beautiful green mountains and located at the foot of Mount Lu makes it a famous tourist attraction. 2They never quit _(look)for a way to get w
12、here they are supposed to go! Being surrounded looking 3The clubs in Argentina couldnt help him，but the famous Barcelona club in Spain offered _(accept)Messi on the junior team and pay for the bills. 4Scientists have discovered that _(stay)in the cold could help us lose weight. 5 Its never foolish _
13、(acknowledge)you are wrong.Being humans，we all need the art of apology. to accept staying to acknowledge 6Firstly，you should consider _(divide)them into different groups who are the people you dont know well but see pretty much daily. 7 He appreciated _(give)a chance to make a presentation in the an
14、nual seminar on Comparative Literature. 8A great deal is yet _(do). 9It would be wrong for people _(marry)for money. 10He hopes _(create)an environment for his students that is much more relaxing than the one he used to study in. dividing being given to do to marry to create .完成句子 1He seems _ in his
15、 room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书。 2_ in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 3Marx found it important _ in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。 to be reading To finish the work to study the situation 4He came to the party without _ 他未被邀请就来参加晚会了。 5_ is very helpful. 大声朗读是很有好处的。 being invited Reading aloud .语法填空 The
16、re is a wonderful story about a young girl who had no family and no one 1._(love)her. One day，2._(feel)very sad and lonely，she was walking through a grassland when she noticed a small butterfly 3._(catch)in a thorny bush.The young girl carefully released the butterfly.Instead of 4._(fly)away，the lit
17、tle butterfly changed into a beautiful fairy. to love feeling caught flying “In return for your wonderful kindness， ”the good fairy said to the girl， “I will give you any wish that you would like 5._(get).”The little girl thought for a moment and then replied， “I want to be happy.” 6_(lean)toward he
18、r，the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared. With the little girl 7._(grow)up，there was no one in the land happier than she was.Everyone wanted to make themselves 8._(tell)the secret of happiness by her.She would only smile and answer， “The secret of my happiness is that I listened to a go
19、od fairy when I was a little girl.” to get Leaning growing told When she was dying，the neighbors all gathered around her， 9._(fear)that her unbelievable secret of happiness would die with her.So they begged her 10._(tell)them what the good fairy said.The lovely old woman simply smiled and said， “She told me that everyone， no matter how old or young，how rich or poor，had need of me.” fearing to tell
