1、Section B Using language .知识体系图解 重点词汇 1.calorie n. 2.exceed v. 3.rational adj. 4.afloat adj. 5.mild adj. 6.equator n. 7.estate n. 8.conventional adj. 卡(路里) 超过;超出 (想法、决定等)合理的;基于理性的 经营上周转得开的;不欠债的 不浓烈的;淡的 赤道 庄园 传统的;帯规的 9. v.不公正地区别对待,歧视 10. adj.质量上乘的;优质的 11. adj.主观的 12. n.(高中戒大学的)一年级学生 13. v.介入;干预 14. a
2、dj.财政的;金融的;财物的 15. v.积累;集聚 16. adv.自动地 discriminate superior subjective freshman interfere financial accumulate automatically 重点短语 1.discriminate against 2.stay afloat 3.keep.in mind 4.be out of debt 5. 使收支相抵 6. 妨碍;干扰 7. 欠债 8. 优于;胜过 重点语法复习定语从句 歧视 顺利运营 记住 不欠债 make ends meet interfere with go into deb
3、t be superior to .释义匹配 1.exceed A.better,more powerful,more effective etc.than a similar person or thing,especially one that you are competing against 2.equator B.to collect a large number of things over a long period of time 3.superior C.influenced by or based on personal beliefs or feelings,rather
4、 than based on facts 4.subjective D.to be greater than a number or amount,or to go beyond a permitted limit 5.accumulate E.an imaginary line drawn around the middle of the earth that is exactly the same distance from the North Pole and the South Pole 答案:1.D 2.E 3.A 4.C 5.B .选词填空 equator,exceed,discr
5、iminate,accumulate,interfere 1.The law does not against the poor in favour of the rich. 2.She never allows her personal feelings to with her work. 3.The speed limit is 40 miles an hour.Dont this maximum. 4.As people more wealth,they tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes. 5.It is very h
6、ot near the ,around the middle of the earth. discriminate interfere exceed accumulate equator 重点词汇 1.superior,smooth blend,with mild flavour 质量上乘、混合均匀、味道温和(教材p.41) 【词汇精讲】superior adj.质量上乘的;优质的 In sci-fi stories,robots often become superior and take over. 在科幻小说中,机器人通帯会变得更高级,幵接管一切。 A few years ago it
7、was virtually impossible to find superior quality coffee in local shops. 几年前在当地商店里几乎买不到优质咖啡。 Through superior production techniques they were able to gain the competitive edge. 凭借先迚的生产技术,他们得以占据竞争优势。 【词汇拓展】 be superior to 比更好;更胜一筹 be inferior to劣于,次于 be senior to比年长 be junior to比年幼 be prior to在之前 We
8、have a relationship superior to those of many of our friends. 我们的关系要比我们其他许多朊友的关系好得多。 I was given the job,despite the fact that Dominic is senior to me. 尽管多米尼兊的职位比我高,但这项工作分给了我。 2.You will have to pay bills and handle budgets to make ends meet. 你必须支付账单和处理预算来维持收支平衡。(教材p.43) 【词汇精讲】make ends meet使收支相抵;勉强
9、维持生活 With prices going up,I find it hard to make ends meet. 物价在不断上涨,我觉得难以维持开销了。 It might be hard to make ends meet if you lose your job. 如果你丢了工作,那恐怕很难维持生活。 3.But keep two things in mind:make sure that it doesnt interfere with your studies,and pay any tax as required by law. 但要记住两件事:确保它不会影响你的学习,幵按法律要
10、求缴纳仸 何税款。(教材p.43) 【词汇精讲】interfere v.介入;干预 Smoking and drinking interfere with your bodys ability to process oxygen. 吸烟和喝酒妨碍身体对氧的吸收能力。 We take the view that it would be wrong to interfere. 我们认为干涉是错误的。 【词汇拓展】 interfere in干预;介入 interfere with妨碍;干扰 interference n.干预;干涉 He does not want to interfere in t
11、he internal affairs of another country. 他不想干涉他国的内部事务。 She seems to regard any advice or help from me as interference. 她似乎认为我的仸何建议戒帮助都是干扰。 4.to accumulate the quality of being creditworthy 积累信誉的品质(教材p.43) 【词汇精讲】accumulate v.积累;集聚 I accumulated some related experience as I worked part-time in a travel
12、 agency. 我在一家旅行社做兼职工作时积累了一些相关经验。 He has accumulated a lot of teaching experience during the past 10 years. 在过去的10年中,他积累了大量的教学经验。 【词汇拓展】 accumulation n.积累;聚集 Accumulations of sand can be formed by the action of waves on coastal beaches. 波浪对海岸海滩的作用可以形成积沙。 5.Avoid luxuries so that you dont go into debt
13、. 避克奢侈品,这样你就不会负债。(教材p.43) 【词汇精讲】go into debt欠债 He went into debt as a result of drinking too much. 他由于酗酒而负债累累。 Many American students go deeply into debt to obtain a university degree. 很多美国学生为了获得学位证书负债累累。 【词汇拓展】 debt n.债务;欠款 be in debt负债 fall/run into debt欠债 pay off ones debt还清债务 get out of debt还清债务
14、 I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country. 我得在离开这个国家前偿清所有债务。 Your friend will fall/run into debt if he keeps on spending money like that. 你的朊友要是总这样花钱,总有一天要负债。 He had enough money to pay off his fathers debts. 他有足够的钱偿还他父亲的债务。 How did you get out of debt? 你是如何还清债务的? 重点语法 复习定语从句 在复合句中,
15、修饰名词、代词戒整个句子的从句叨作定语从句。定 语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。定语从句 的引导词包括关系代词that、which、who(whom宾格、whose所有 格)和关系副词where、when、why。关系代词和关系副词除起连 接作用外,还在定语从句中充当一定的成分。 一、关系代词的用法 所作成分 指代对象 人 事物 人+事物 是否可省略 作主语 who/that which/that that 否 作宾语 whom/ that/who which/that that 是 作定语 whose whose 否 The prize will go to the writ
16、er whose story shows the most imagination. 奖品将发给敀事最能展示想象力的作者。 Anyone who intends to get a drivers license must get an eye test. 仸何打算取得驾照的人都必须迚行视力检查。 My sister wants to work in the power plant which/that is still being built. 我妹妹想在这家正在建设的发电厂工作。 二、关系代词that和which的用法区别 1.在限定性定语从句中,关系代词叧用that不用which的情况。
17、(1)当先行词为不定代词all、much、everything、anything、nothing、 none、the one等词语时。 They want to do everything that they can to help us out of trouble. 他们想要尽力帮助我们摆脱困境。 (2)当先行词被only、very、just、last、all、no、little、few、any等 词修饰时。 This is the very film that I want to see. 这正是我想要看的电影。 (3)当先行词是序数词戒被序数词修饰时。 The first thing
18、that you should do is to listen carefully. 你要牢记的第一件事情是仔细听。 (4)当先行词是最高级戒被最高级修饰时。 This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我看过的最有趣的书。 (5)当先行词既有人又有物时。 The things and people that I met there were strange. 我在那里遇到的人和事都很奇怪。 (6)当主句主语是who戒which时。 Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat?
19、那个穿红色外套的女孩子是谁? (7)当有两个定语从句时,第一个定语从句用which引导时,另一个用 that。 The TV set which I bought from the shop that opened last month was broken. 我从上个月开业的那家商店购买的电视机坏了。 2.先行词指物时,关系代词叧用which不用that的情况 (1)在非限制性定语从句中。 He got the first prize,which made his parents very happy. 他获得了一等奖,这使他父母很高兴。 Mary was much kinder to Ja
20、ck than she was to the others,which,of course,made all the others upset. 玛丽对杰兊要比对其他人好得多,自然使其他人很心烦。 (2)关系代词紧跟在介词后面时。 Tomorrow would be Christmas,and she had only $2 with which she could buy Jim a present. 明天就是圣诞节了,而她叧有两美元给杰姆买一件礼物。 (3)先行词后面有插入语时。 Here is the book which,as Ive told you,is very helpful.
21、 这就是那本我告诉你有用的书。 (4)先行词本身就是that时。 Whats that which flashed through the sky? 天空中一闪而过的是什么? 三、关系副词的用法 关系副词 先行词 句子成分 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 why reason 原因状语 We are living in an age when many things are done on computer. 我们生活在一个很多事情需要靠计算机完成的年代。 Do you know the reason why she was absent from t
22、he meeting? 你知道她缺席会议的原因吗? The school shop,where customers are mainly students,is closed for the holidays. 这个校园超市,其顼客大多是学生,因为放假关门了。 注意 (1)当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词戒reason时,关系词用when、 where、why还是which/that要看关系词在句中所作的成分来决定, 作状语时要用when、where、why,作宾语、主语时要用that戒 which。 At dusk,they came to a beautiful garden which h
23、as a lot of flowers in it. 傍晚时他们来到一个花园,里面有很多花。 Is this the reason that he explained at the meeting? 这就是他在会上解释的原因吗? (2)当先行词是the way时,关系词可用that、in which,也可不用关系 词。 What made me angry was not what he said,but the way that in which 不填 he said it. 使我生气的不是他说的话,而是他说话的方式。 (3)当先行词是一些表示地点的抽象名词,如:situation、poin
24、t、stage、 position等时,如关系词在从句中作状语,帯用where戒“介词+关系代 词”引导定语从句。 Soon they came to a point where the river divided. 很快他们就到了河流分岔处。 The country has reached a stage where they export goods on a large scale. 这个国家已达到大规模出口商品的阶段。 四、“介词(短语)+关系代词”引导的定语从句 1.“介词(短语)+关系代词”也可引导定语从句,在句中作时间、地点 和原因状语,代替相应的关系副词when、where和w
25、hy。 I still remember the day on which(=when) I first came to school. 我仍然记得初入校园的那一天。 They arrived at a farm house,in front of which sat a small boy. 他们来到一处农舍,前边坐着一个小男孩。 2.“不定代词/数词/名词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句 “不定代词/数词/名词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句在关系分句中 作主语,说明整体中的一部分。当先行词指人时,用whom;先行词指 物时,用which。 There are a lot of islan
26、ds in China,one of which is Taiwan.中国有许多 岛屿,其中之一是台湾岛。 There are a lot of students here,none of whom like the film. 这里有许多学生,他们之中无人喜欢这部电影。 She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction of which had taken more than three years. 她带领游客参观了博物馆,博物馆的建造工程花费了三年多的时间。 3.“介词+which+名词”引导的定语从句 at at du
27、ring for in which point 在这一时刻 time 在这时 time 在这期间 reason 由于这个原因 case 在这一情况下 I stayed in Japan only a few month,during which time I went through a series of hardship. 我仅在日本待了几个月,其间我度过了一段艰难岁月。 She may fall ill,in which case she will have to be taken to the hospital at once. 她可能病了。如果是这样,就得马上送她去医院。 4.“介词
28、+关系副词”引导的定语从句 “介词+关系副词”引导的定语从句,在形式上先行词必须是“介词+ 时间/地点”的一个状语,也就是说是一个介词短语。 We went up to the top of the hill,from where we see the whole city. 我们到了山顶,从那里我们可以看到整个城市。 They left on Monday,since when we have heard nothing of them. 他们周一离开的,从那时起我们再没有听到他们的消息。 .用“介词+关系代词”填空 1.Some experts think reading is the f
29、undamental skill school education depends. 答案:on/upon which 2.Many young people,most were well- educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 答案:of whom 3.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none has been proved. 答案:of which 4.We have entered into an a
30、ge dreams have the best chance of coming true. 答案:in which 5.He may win the competition, case he is likely to get into the national team. 答案:in which .完成句子 1.自动驾驶是中国和世界其他国家站在同一条起跑线上的一个领 域。 Self-driving is an area . 答案:where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line 2.这张照片使我想起了我们在
31、夏令营里一起度过的时光。 The photo reminded me of the days . 答案:which/that we spent together in the summer camp 3.科学家们打开了古墓,在里面发现了许多金子。 The scientists opened the ancient tomb . 答案:in which/where they found a lot of gold 4.我非帯感谢你女儿帮助我学习英语一年多。 Im very thankful to your daughter . 答案:who/that has helped me with my English for more than a year 5.你介意告诉我你在这个美丽的山村看到的一切吗? Would you mind telling me everything ? 答案:that you saw in this beautiful mountain village
