1、Section B Using language .知识体系图解 重点词汇 1.simulated adj. 2.simulator n. 3.lifelike adj. 4. v.提交 5. adj.很好的,了丌起的 模仿的,模拟的,仿真的 (用于人员训练的)模拟装置,模拟器 (图画、模型等)生动的,逼真的 submit awesome 重点短语 1.in turns 2.make contact with 3. 直线 4. 引起的注意 5. 到目前为止 6. 报名参加 7. 害怕 依次;轮流 不联系 in straight lines bring sth to ones attention
2、 so far sign up for be scared of 重点句式 1.So great was the distance from Earth that it would need to travel for almost six years to reach its destination. 2.No wonder so many people took to social media to bid it goodbye,saying,“Farewell,dear Cassini!We shall never forget you!” .介词填空 1.The matter was
3、first brought my attention earlier this year. 2.Many pictures have been based simple geometric designs. 3.Ted and I took it turns to go into hospital and sit with Emma. 4.Wed like to make contact other schools in the area. 5.Each time the school had a sports meeting,I signed up three events. to on i
4、n with for 重点词汇 Submit a three-minute video introducing yourself and saying why you would be an ideal space candidate. 提交一个三分钟的视频介绍自己,并说明为什么你会是一个理想的 太空候选人。(教材p.67) 【词汇精讲】submit v.提交;呈递;屈服 We have submitted these suggestions for your consideration. 我们提出这些意见供您参考。 He was losing the fight but he wouldnt
5、 submit. 他被打败了,但丌屈服。 【词汇拓展】 submit to sb/sth顺从/服从/屈从某人/某事 submit sth to sb把递交/提交/呈递给某人 submit+that(正式)建议/认为 He submitted his proposal for urban development to the city council. 他将城市发展建议提交市议会。 We submitted that the case couldnt be proved. 我们认为这个案件无法证实。 重点句式 1.So great was the distance from Earth that
6、 it would need to travel for almost six years to reach its destination. 距离地球太远了,需要行进近六年才能到达目的地。(教材p.65) 【句式剖析】本句是一个倒装句。正常的句子顺序应为:The distance from Earth was so great that it would need to travel for almost six years to reach its destination.该句中so+adj.置于句首,所以其后的 主句要用部分倒装。 So cold was the weather that
7、 we had to stay at home. 天气太冷,我们只好待在家里。 So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 他们吃得太多了,以至于在接下来的一个小时都动弹丌得。 【句式拓展】 在so.that.和such.that引导的结果状语从句中,so,such连同它所直 接修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句谓语要部分倒装。 So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他讲话声音如此大,以致隔壁屋里的
8、人都听得见。 So absorbed was he in his work that he didnt notice I was standing by him. 他如此与心于他的工作,竟没注意到我站在他的身边。 So much homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest. 我们做那么多的作业,真的没有时间休息。 2.No wonder so many people took to social media to bid it goodbye,saying,“Farewell,dear Cassini!We sha
9、ll never forget you!” 难怪有那么多人在社交媒体上告别,说:“再见了,亲爱的卡西尼!我 们永远丌会忘记你!”(教材p.65) 【句式剖析】no wonder (that).=Its no wonder (that).难 怪;丌足为奇。在这个句式中,it作形式主语,丌能用there代 替。 No wonder you cant find anybody here;theyre all away at a meeting. 难怪你找丌到人,他们都去开会了。 No wonder/It is no wonder that you speak English so well.You
10、are practising every day. 难怪你的英语说得这么好。原来你天天在练习。 【句式拓展】 Its a wonder (that).令人惊奇的是 in wonder惊奇地 wonder at/about sth对感到惊奇 wonder if/whether+从句 想知道是否 It is a wonder that he survived the plane crash. 在飞机失事中他幸免于难,真是奇迹。 I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years. 我想知道玛丽这些年到底是如何保持身材的。 I wo
11、nder if youd like to watch the English filmGrowing Together this weekend. 我想知道这周末你们是否想观看英文电影一起长大。 重点语法 复习情态动词 1.can,could 用法 例句 表示能力,意为“能,会”; could表示过去的能力。 She can speak French fluently. 她能讲一口流利的法语。 can可用于肯定句中,表示 客观或理论上的可能性。 An experienced teacher can make mistakes. 一位有经验的老师也会犯错。 表示请求或允许。在疑问 句中,coul
12、d可以代替can,语 气更委婉,肯定回答时要用 can,不用could。 Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning? Yes,you can. 明天上午我可以用你的自行车吗? 是的,可以。 用法 例句 表示说话者的主观推测,意 为“可能”,用于否定句和疑 问句中。can比could语气 强。 He cant be our manager.He has gone to Beijing. 他不可能是我们经理。他已经去北京 了。 表示惊异、怀疑、迷惑等 态度,常用于否定句和疑问 句中。 How can you treat me like that? 你怎么
13、能那样对我? 2.may,might 用法 例句 表示请求或许可。在疑问 句中,might可以代替may,语 气更加委婉。给予许可时 用may,不用might。 Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter? Yes,you may. 我可以要一张你小女儿的照 片吗? 是的,可以。 表示推测,意为“或许,可能”, 通常用于肯定句和否定句 中。might比may语气弱。 I really dont like James. Why did you invite him? Dont worry.He might not come. 我真的不喜欢詹
14、姆斯。 你为什么邀请他? 别担心。他或许不会来。 表 示 祝 愿 , 常 用 结 构 为 :May+主语+动词原形! May you be happy every day! 愿你快乐每一天! 3.must,have to 用法 例句 表示义务,意为“必须”。must强 调说话人的主观看法,have to则 强调客观需要;在回答带有must 的问句时,否定式常用need not (neednt)或dont have to,而 不是用must not。 We must act as quickly as possible now. 现在我们必须尽快采取行动。 I have to go now,be
15、cause my mother is in hospital. 我现在不得不走了,因为我母亲 在住院。 must用来表示推测,意为“一定”, 只能用在肯定句中。must的肯 定程度比can强。 You must be hungry after a long walk. 长途跋涉之后,你肯定饿了。 must表示“偏要,非要不可”。 常用于疑问句和条件句中,偶尔 也用于陈述句中。 If you must go,at least wait until the storm is over. 如果你非要走,至少要等到暴风 雨停了。 3.must,have to 用法 例句 mustnt表示禁止,意为“不
16、 得,不允许;一定不要”。 You mustnt play with the knife,or you may hurt yourself. 你千万不要玩刀,否则会伤到自己 的。 4.Shall 用法 例句 用于第一、三人称的疑问句中, 表示说话者征求对方的意见。 Shall he come in now? 他现在可以进来吗? 用于第二、三人称的陈述句中, 表示说话者的命令、警告、威 胁、允诺、决心等。 You shall be punished for what you have done. 你会为你的所作所为受到惩罚。 用于条约、规定、法令、法律 等文件中表示义务规定,意为“ 必须”。 O
17、ne of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school. 我们有一条规定,那就是每个学 生在校期间都必须穿校服。 5.should,ought to 用法 例句 should表示责任、义务、劝告、 建议等,意为“应该”。 We should be strict with ourselves. 我们应该严格要求自己。 should表示出乎意料、惊讶的 口气,意为“竟然,居然”。 Such a gentleman should do that. 这样一位绅士竟然会做那种事。 ought to表示
18、义务、责任、劝告 等,意为“应该”,语气比should略 重。 You ought not to be so selfish. 你不应该这么自私。 should和ought to表示推测,指合 乎理想的情况或结果,意为“按 说应该”。 Try phoning Roberthe should be home by now. 给罗伯特打个电话试试,他现在 应该到家了。 6.will,would 用法 例句 与各种人称连用,用于陈述句中, 表示主语的意志、意愿或决心。 will指现在,would指过去。 I will never talk to him again. 我再也不会和他说话了。 表示征求
19、意见或提出请求,多用 于第二人称疑问句中。would比 will语气委婉。 Will/Would you please close the window? 请把窗户关上好吗? 表示习惯性动作、固有属性或 必然趋势,意为“总是;习惯于”。 will指现在,would指过去。 Fish will die without water. 没有水,鱼会死的。 7.need,dare 用法 例句 need既可作情态动词,也可作实 义动词;作情态动词时,表示“需 要”,常用于否定句、疑问句和 条件句中。neednt表示“不必 ”。 I neednt use the alarm clock to wake m
20、e up,because I can wake up myself. 我不必用闹钟来叫醒自己,因为 我自己会醒来。 dare既可作情态动词,也可作实 义动词;作情态动词时,表示“敢, 敢于”,后跟动词原形,常用于疑 问句、否定句和条件句中。 I am so afraid that I dare not move. 我吓得不敢动。 8.其他情态动词 用法 例句 used to do表示“过去 常常做”。 There used to be a building at the street corner,but now it is a library. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房,而现在是一个 图书馆。
21、 had better do表示“最 好做”,其否定形 式为had better not do。 One had better see life in its various aspects when young. 一个人最好在年轻时就能看到生活的各 个方面。 would rather do than do表示“宁愿做”。 I would rather stare at the star-filled sky than watch a TV set. 我宁可凝视繁星满天的夜空也不愿看电 视。 9.情态动词+have done could have done 本可以 cant/couldnt h
22、ave done 不可能做过 may/might have done 可能做过 must have done 一定做过 should/ought to have done 本应该/竟然做过 neednt have done 本不需要做 had better have done 当时最好做过 would like/love to have done 宁愿做过 .选词填空 mustnt,shouldnt,neednt,cant,mightnt 1.He come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. 答案:mightnt 2.I have wa
23、tched that movieitll give me horrible dreams. 答案:shouldnt 3.Mark have hurried.After driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early. 答案:neednt 4.Just be patient.You expect the world to change so soon. 答案:cant 5.May I take this book out of the reading room? No,you .You must read it here. 答案:mustnt
24、 .完成句子 1.这个公园是如此之美,每天吸引着许多游客。 the park that it attracts many visitors every day. 答案:So beautiful is 2.我学习意大利语以便能读懂但丁的原著。 I studied Italian I would be able to read Dante in the original. 答案:so that 3.他对此事做了彻底的调查,怪丌得他了解得那么多。 He had made a thorough investigation. he knew so much about it. 答案:No wonder 4.从我家走到学校需要20分钟。 twenty minutes to walk from my home to the school. 答案:It takes me 5.经过多年的努力,他长大后成了科学家。 After many years of hard work,he grew up a scientist. 答案:to become
