1、Unit 2 Lessons in life 突破语法大冲关突破语法大冲关 被动语态 被动语态的基本用法： 不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者是谁 时用被动语态； 需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身时也常用被 动语态(by 短语有时可以省略)。 观察例句 1My washing machine is being repaired this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand. 2I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan had been carried
2、 out in the past two years. 3When fat and salt are removed from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something. 4The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 5Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been f
3、airly unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise. 归纳用法 一、被动语态的构成：be 过去分词 各种时态的被动语态形式(以 do 为例) 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般式 am/is/are done was/were done will/shall be done would/should be done 进行式 am/is/are being done was/were being done 完成式 have/has been done Had been done will/shall have been
4、done would/should have been done 二、使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题 1主动变为被动时，宾语成了主语 ，(作补语的)不定式前需加 to(位置 不变)。 The boss made him work all day long. He was made to work all day long(by the boss) 2主动变为被动时，可将双宾语中的任何一个作为主语。 My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. An interesting book was given to me(by my fri
5、end)on my birthday. I was given an interesting book(by my friend)on my birthday. 3短语动词变被动语态时，不要掉“尾巴”(即不要丢掉后面的 介词或副词)。 The children were taken good care of(by her) Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. 4情态动词，be going to，be to，be sure to，have to 等结构变为 被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be过去分词
6、”。 We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. 5当句子的谓语为 say，believe，expect，think，know，write，consider， report 等时，被动语态有两种形式：(1)谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作 主语补足语。(2)用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。 People say he is a smart boy. He is said to be a smart boy. It is said that he is a sm
7、art boy. People know paper was made in China first. Paper was known to be made in China first. It is known that paper was made in China first. 特别提醒 1不能用被动语态的几种情况 (1)表示状态的谓语动词，如：last，hold，contain，fit，cost 等。 (2)表示归属的动词或短语，如 have，belong to 等。 (3)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish，want，hope，like，love， hate 等。 (4)宾
8、语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语 态。 (5)宾语是同源宾语、动词不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。 2主动形式表示被动意义 (1)当连系动词 feel，look，smell，taste，sound 等后面接形容词 时；当 cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash 等作为不及物动词表示主 语内在“品质”或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、 转、启动”等意义时。 The flowers smell sweet. 花儿散发着芳香。 This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布料容易洗。 (2)break out
9、，shut off，take place，turn off，work out 等短语表示 “发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。 The lamps on the wall turned off. 墙上的灯熄灭了。 即学即练 翻译/单句语法填空 这道菜尝起来味道很美。 The song which (sing)on the stage now was just written by Albert，for whom being a famous musician is his forever dream. It (report)that many people die of traffic accide
10、nts each year. is being sung This dish tastes delicious. is reported According to the result of the inspection，they found that the insect contains a powerful drug，so local farmers (employ)to catch the insects. At the end of December，the librarys old and classic books (put)online too，bringing borrowe
11、rs a lot of convenience. Facial recognition technology (extend)into many areas of school life so far. were employed has been extended will be put .单句语法填空 1During the 30 days before he was put to death，his friends and pupils (allow)to visit him in his prison. 2All the kids will (fit) in the back of t
12、he car. 3 When we got to the spot， the injured (send)to the hospital. 4Weve got to remember this group wants to look at how the Internet (use)in the classroom. fit were allowed is being used/is used had been sent 5 In US high school， everything (record)and graded， including your grades on quizzes，te
13、sts and final examinations. 6The workers were made (work)ten hours a day. 7I (tell)that one more volunteer will be needed this year and I think you are suitable for the job. 8Food supplies in the flood- stricken area (run out)We must act immediately before there is none left. have been told is recor
14、ded to work are running out 9Mary went to the box office at lunch time，but all the tickets (sell)out. 10The palace caught fire three times last century，and little of the original building (remain)now. had sold remains .短文语法填空 It is tough for any basketball player to get to the major leagues，but Jim
15、Abbott had an extra obstacle that should 1. (overcome) He might have been an average person if he 2. (born)with a right hand. be overcome had been born When Abbott was young，other children 3. (tease)him constantly.This didnt stop Abbott.He loved sports，and he practiced constantly.In high school Abbo
16、tt 4. (join)the school basketball team and became a pitcher(投手)for the team.Later he 5. (attend)University of Michigan on a basketball scholarship.In 1987 Abbott 6. (name)Americans top amateur athlete，and in 1988 he pitched his way to a gold medal in the Olympics.But Abbott didnt think he 7. (finish
17、)yet.Abbott went straight to the majors.He pitched for the California Angels and later for the New York Yankees. was named were teasing joined attended was finished How did Abbott accomplish all this with just one hand？This is what fans often asked.Jim Abbott 8. (see)a left- handed pitcher， not as a onehanded pitcher.He once said that he didnt grow up thinking about not having a right hand.When asked to explain how he 9. (make)it to the top，Abbott said “If I had not worked very hard，I 10. (be) a failure now.The only thing that could stop me was myself.” had made was seen would be
