1、Unit 1Unit 1 Science FictionScience Fiction Learning About LanguageLearning About Language 语法精讲素养提升 被动语态(Passive Voice) 观察上面对话, 并完成句子 (1)I was toldwas told(tell) not to take anybodys belongings without permissions when I was little. (2)By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completh
2、ad been completeded(complete) in Beijing. (3)The news would be sent towould be sent to(send) the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. 一、被动语态常用于以下两种情况: 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者, 或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。 *Rice is grownis grown in the south of China. 中国南方种植水稻。 2. 强调动作的承受者。 *The tree was brokenwas broken by that boy.
3、这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。 二、将主动语态变为被动语态应注意的几种情况 1. 含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时, 有两种方法: (1)间接宾语变为主语, 直接宾语不变; (2)直接宾语变为主语, 间接宾语用介词 to 或 for 引导。 *He told us a story. 他给我们讲故事。 We were told were told a story by him. 我们听(他讲)故事。 A story was told to us was told to us by him. 故事由他给我们讲。 2. 动词短语视为一个整体, 其后的介词或副词不能省去。 *She will take go
4、od care of the children. 她将会好好照顾孩子们。 The children will be taken good care ofbe taken good care of by her. 孩子们将由她来好好照顾。 3. 复合句通常将宾语变为被动句的主语, 而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意: 省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语时, 不定式符号 to 必须补上。例如: *Someone saw him swim in the lake yesterday. He was sewas seen toen to swim in the lake yesterday. 4. 特殊
5、疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序: 一般用“By+疑问词”开头。 *Who has broken the cup? 谁打碎了杯子? By whomBy whom has the cup been brokenbeen broken? 杯子被谁打碎了? 【即学活用】 (1)My English name is Walter. It was given by my English professorwas given by my English professor when I was at the university. 我的英文名是 Walter, 它是我上大学时我的英语教授取的。 (2)Her
6、 money has been run out ofhas been run out of and her patience is also running out. 她的钱已经用完了, 她的耐心也要耗尽了。 (3)I was made to cryI was made to cry by the moving movie. 我被这部感人的电影弄哭了。 三、被动语态和过去分词作表语 1. 意义差别: 被动语态强调动作; 过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。如: *The window is brokenis broken. 窗子破了。 *The window is broken by hi
7、mis broken by him. 窗子被他打破了。 2. 用法差别: 过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征, 可以被 so, very, too 等程度副词修饰, 而被动语态则不能用 so, very, too 修饰, 而需用 much, very much, so much, too much 修 饰。如: *He was very interestedvery interested in science. 他对科学有极大的兴趣。(系表结构) *I was so much suso much surprisedrprised at the scene that I didnt know wh
8、at to do. 我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊, 不知所措。(被动语态) 【即学活用】语法填空 (1)I was pleased to hearto hear (hear)youve been promoted. (2)He was pleased byby his teachers praise. (3)I was quite surprised withwith the significance of the findings. (4)Everyone was surprised byby the speed with which the dispute was settled. 四、常见主
9、动表被动的情况 1. 有些动词(cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep 等)常用主动形式表被动。如: *This pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔写起来很流畅。 *This car sells well. 这车很畅销。 2. 在某些形容词(hard, difficult, easy, heavy, fit, good, comfortable, convenient, impossible, convenient, cheap, expensive 等)后的不定式用主动形式 表被动。如: *Eng
10、lish is easy to learnto learn. 英语很容易学。 *The box is heavy to carryto carry. 这箱子重得搬不动。 3. “半系动词+形容词”结构, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out 等。如: *The food in this restaurant tastestastes good. 这家餐馆的饭菜味道很好。 *The news turned outturned out (to be) true. 这消息原来是真的。 4. need, want, require, dese
11、rve, be worth 后面接动词的-ing 形式, 主动表被动。 *The novel is worthis worth reading. 这本小说值得一读。 *The old house requiresrequires repairing. 这所旧房子需要修理。 【即学活用】语法填空 (1)This kind of knife cutscuts (cut)well. (2)Your writing is really difficult to readto read(read). (3)That soundssounds (sound)great. Deal me in! (4)Al
12、l the old carpets need replacing /to be replacedreplacing /to be replaced (replace). 五、 有些及物动词或短语不用于被动语态。 如: fit, have, marry, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 等。 【即学活用】完成句子 (1)A person who
13、 is truly honest is calledis called a straight arrow. 直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。 (2)You will be askedwill be asked a lot of strange questions by them. 他们将问你许多怪题。 (3)By last December three ships had been builthad been built by them. 到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。 (4)I have some clothes to washto wash. 我有一些衣服要洗。 (5)Your idea p
14、roved to beproved to be wrong. 你的想法证实是错的。 (6)The book sellssells quickly. 书销售得快。 (7)Will more gas be neededbe needed? 需要更多的煤气吗? (8)The music isnt pleasant to listen toto listen to. 这音乐不好听。 课时检测素养达标 . 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. They are going to be sentto be sent(send)to work in Tibet for two years. 2. Do you ha
15、ve any problems if you are offeredare offered(offer)this job? Well, Im thinking about the salary. 3. Though we dont know what was being discussed, yet we can feel the topic has been has been changedchanged(change). 4. Much progress is being madeis being made(make)in China with the help of the people
16、s hard work. 5. Nowadays, more new technologies are being appliedare being applied(apply)in the field of IT. 6. The shop assistant was dismissed as she was accusedwas accused(accuse)of cheating customers. 7. You are not allowed to go into the meeting room. A secret plan isis being being discusseddis
17、cussed(discuss)there. 8. The surface of this table feels so smooth. I think it is well worth buyingbuying(buy). 9. The manager was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets had been had been bookedbooked(book). 10. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday has been decidedhas been decided(
18、decide). . 将下列句子改写为被动语态 1. We have studied English for 3 years at the spare-time school. English has been studied by us for 3 years at the spareEnglish has been studied by us for 3 years at the spare- -time school. time school. 2. They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year. 100 trac100 t
19、ractors had been produced by the end of last year. tors had been produced by the end of last year. 3. They have warned us to be careful of rats. We have been warned to be careful of rats by them. We have been warned to be careful of rats by them. 4. We must keep this in mind. This must be kept in mi
20、nd. This must be kept in mind. 5. We shall not use the washing machine again. The washing machine will not be used again. The washing machine will not be used again. 6. A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. My wallet was seen to drop b
21、y a girl when she passed by. 7. He showed me a ticket. A ticket was shown to me by him. A ticket was shown to me by him. I was shown a ticket by him. I was shown a ticket by him. 8. The nurse is taking care of the sick people. The sick people are being taken care of by the nurse. The sick people are
22、 being taken care of by the nurse. 请用被动语态介绍你喜欢的一部科幻小说。 1. 弗兰肯斯坦(Frankenstein)是玛丽雪莱(Marry Shelley)写的一篇科幻小说。 2. 这本小说被认为是英国文学史上最早的科幻小说之一。 3. 这本小说出版后, 受到广泛关注。 4. 小说的故事基于科学、想象和自身经历。 5. 这本小说已被翻译成多种语言。 FrankensteinFrankenstein is a science fiction which was written by Marry Shelleyis a science fiction whic
23、h was written by Marry Shelley. . It is It is regarded as one of the earliest science fictions in English literature. After the regarded as one of the earliest science fictions in English literature. After the novel was published, it drew wide attention. The story of the novel is based on novel was
24、published, it drew wide attention. The story of the novel is based on science, imagination and personal experiences. The novel has been translated into science, imagination and personal experiences. The novel has been translated into many languages. many languages. 课时素养评价课时素养评价 二二 Unit 1Unit 1 Learn
25、ing About LanguageLearning About Language . 单句语法填空 1. This story was originallyoriginally (origin) written by famous science fiction writer Isaac Asimov. 2. The new style robot will be testedbe tested (test) out in Claires house. 3. When her husband was away on business, Claire was lookedwas looked
26、(look) after by a robot that looked like so human. 4. Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was (being) offered(being) offered (offer) sympathy by a robot, but she gradually began to trust him. 5. Many books have been scannedhave been scanned (scan) by Tony since he came to Claires house. 6. Whe
27、n the saleswoman was rude to her, Claire rang Tony and told him that she was was being treatedbeing treated (treat) badly. 7. How awful it was to be discoveredbe discovered (discover) talking to a man by Gladys Claffern! 8. It was expectedwas expected (expect) that the house, which was being complet
28、ely transformed, would be ready the next day. 9. With the novel being translated/translatedbeing translated/translated (translate) into many foreign languages, it became world famous. 10. The environmental problem was being discussedwas being discussed (discuss) at the meeting when I walked in the r
29、oom. . 句型转换 1. People say that Mary Shelley is one of the first fiction writers in English literature. It is said thatIt is said that Mary Shelley is one of the first fiction writers in English literature. 2. I have read most of MoYans novels. I have read most of the novels written by Mo Yanwritten
30、by Mo Yan. 3. The policeman tells the children not to play in the street. The children are told by the policemanare told by the policeman not to play in the street. 4. Do they plant trees in and around our city every year? Are trees planted by themAre trees planted by them in and around our city eve
31、ry year? 5. A painful accident inspired Kaley Cuoco to make beautiful music for homeless animals. Kaley Cuoco was inspired by a painful accident to makewas inspired by a painful accident to make beautiful music for homeless animals. 6. In 1849 people discovered gold in California in the mountains ne
32、ar San Francisco and so started the famous Gold Rush. In 1849 gogold was discoveredld was discovered in California in the mountains near San Francisco and so started the famous Gold Rush. 7. Our English teacher caught him cheating in the examination. He was caught cheatingHe was caught cheating by o
33、ur English teacher in the examination. 8. Many people in the world speak English. English is spokenEnglish is spoken by many people in the world. . 阅读理解 Want to get your package delivered via robots? Now theres an app for that. If you live in Washington D. C. , or Redwood, you may have glimpsed a sm
34、all, boxy robot rolling along a local sidewalk, minding its own business, but attracting the attention of many curious onlookers. The autonomous machines were part of a pilot program last year by Starship Technologies focusing on delivering meals from local restaurants in dozens of cities around the
35、 world. This week, the company unveiled plans to broaden its delivery service beyond food to include package, a move that led it to declare itself “the worlds first robot package delivery service”. The next time you order food, this cute robot might roll up to deliver it. The package delivery servic
36、e is not available to everyone yet. The wheeled robots have a top speed of 4mph and can detect obstacles from 30 feet away. “The robot can operate through anything, ” Nick Handrick, head of operations for Starships D. C. office, said, “If you had something in the waya stickits able to climb sticks.
37、” To sign up for the service, which costs a little more than $10 per month, customers need to download the companys app. Customers then create a “Starship Delivery Address”, a unique address inside a Starship facility, where they can have package sent from places such as Amazon. com. Once a package
38、is delivered to the Starship address, customers receive a text notification that allows them to schedule a home delivery via robot. The robots are opened by customers via a mobile phone code. Barriers exist for robotic ground delivery, with many states requiring that humans be in control of delivery
39、 robots. Those regulations havent stopped Starship Technologies from accumulating experience on streets around the globe ahead of the companys latest launch. The company says its robots have covered more than 125, 000 miles in more than 100 cities in 20 countries. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了 Starship Techno
40、logies 公司开发一项由机器人 送货的服务, 从最初的送餐服务到试点送包裹服务。 1. What can we know about the robotic delivery? A. It is part of a trial project by Starship Technologies. B. The robotic delivery is available to everyone at present. C. You can use the service free of charge via smart phones. D. The robots are opened by c
41、ustomers with a text notification. 【解析】选 A。 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知, 这些自动机器是去年星际飞船技术公 司试点项目的一部分, 该项目专注于从全球数十个城市的当地餐馆提供饭菜。故选 A。 2. What does the underlined word “unveiled” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Revised. B. Released. C. Restored. D. Reset. 【解析】选 B。 词义猜测题。根据第二段“这些自动机器是去年星际飞船技术公司试点项目 的一部分, 该项目专注于从全球
42、数十个城市的当地餐馆提供饭菜。”可知, 之前的这个计划 只是试点项目, 没有完全铺开。 但是这一周, 为了扩大送货范围, 这个计划被公布了。 故选 B。 3. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The good news of the service. B. How the robotic delivery works. C. The disadvantages of the robotic delivery. D. Robotic delivery develops despite challenges. 【解析】选 D。 主旨大意题。根
43、据最后一段第一句以及最后一句可知, 机器人地面运送存在 障碍, 许多州要求由人类控制运送机器人, 但尽管如此, 他们的机器人已经在 20 个国家的 100 多个城市行驶了超过 12. 5 万英里。所以本段主要讲了尽管这项服务存在挑战但也是在 向前发展。故选 D。 4. What can be the best title for the text? A. New Robot Was Invented B. Wheelless Robots Are on the Way C. How Robots Deliver Packages D. Packages Will Be Delivered by
44、 Robots 【解析】 选 D。 主旨大意题。 根据文章第一段 Want to get your package delivered via robots? (你想通过机器人把包裹送到吗? )以及所提及的“在华盛顿特区或红杉区(Redwood), 你可能 会瞥见一个四四方方的小机器人在当地的人行道上滚动, 运送包裹, ”可知, 文章就是围绕 机器人送包裹所展开的。后文又补充, 机器人送包裹这项服务已经被公布且具体实施。最后 也提及, 虽然遇到挑战, 但是也在继续向前发展。故选 D。 . 完形填空 One day I was sleeping in my chair when I woke u
45、p to the sound of a car crash. I sat up and looked 1 out my window. Across the street, a car had just backed into a chain-link fence. The car must have been moving fast, 2 it was in bad shape. The fence was bent out exactly the 3 of the cars back end. I watched the driver get out of the car. After a
46、 few seconds of 4 the damage, the man tried to put the fence back into the place. His first attempt failed and he tried a little harder. He grabbed its vertical support pole and pulled against it with his full 5 . The pole suddenly 6 and the man fell hard onto the ground. The entire fence fell on to
47、p of him, and one of his shoes 7 and landed 10 feet away on the sidewalk. I laughed out loud. The mans failure was 8 my whole day. He climbed out from under the 9 fence and went back to the apartment building. That, I thought, would be the 10 of it. The man was going to leave all the chaos behind fo
48、r someone else to 11 . However, the man 12 a few minutes later with some tools. For the next hour, I 13 out my window as he doggedly fixed the fence and even improved it. Now the fence would be extra secure, stronger than before. This man was actually a hero and I was embarrassed by my 14 judgments.
49、 Years later, I still look out my window at that fence almost every day. It makes me 15 what else that man has improved, and how I can make myself more like him. 【文章大意】本文是记叙文。讲述作者目睹了一场车祸, 出事的车辆把栅栏撞坏了, 司机坚 持修好栅栏。作者本以为司机开始修不好就放弃了, 后来司机坚持修好了栅栏, 作者因为自 己的不公平判断感到很尴尬, 认为司机是一个英雄, 自己应该向他学习。 1. A. gradually B
50、. especially C. immediately D. generally 【解析】选 C。gradually 逐渐地; especially 尤其, 特别地; immediately 立即; generally 一般地。根据上文 I woke up to the sound of a car crash 可知, 我被车祸中声惊醒, 因 此我立刻坐起来向窗外看, 故选 C。 2. A. until B. because C. if D. although 【解析】选 B。句意: 这辆车一定跑得很快, 因为它已经变形了。根据上下文推断, 前后文是 因果关系。故选 B。 3. A. begi
