1、Section Writing概要 本单元的写作项目属于新课标中记叙文体类别中的概要。概要是对一篇文章的主题思想的简单陈述，它用 最简洁的语言概括了原文的主题，使读者对一篇文章有一个简要概括的了解。概要主要包括总结原文的主 要观点、主要支撑细节、总体性评价。 .Prewriting ()Learn to write after the model On 7 December, 2015, Tu Youyou was awarded a Nobel Prize for her discovery of artemisinin, a lifesaving drug for malaria. Tu
2、Youyou majored in medicine in university and later studied Chinese medicine with experts in the field. In 1969, Tu Youyou was given the mission to set up a team to find a cure for malaria.When worldwide scientists failed to find a cure using modern chemicals, Tu Youyou turned to Chinese herbs for he
3、lp.Despite their limited resources and hundreds of failed experiments, they found a possible chemical.In order to test the medicine, Tu Youyou and her team tested the medicine on their own bodies.They finally discovered the most effective drug to cure the disease. Although Tu Youyou has won the Nobe
4、l Prize and become wellknown, she is uninterested in fame and prefers to continue her research. 篇章结构 Part 1：The Nobel Prize Award Part 2：Personal information Part 3：Her mission and research Part 4：Her attitude towards fame ()Preparation for writingWords and phrases discovery n发现 summary_ n. 概要；摘要 te
5、am n. 队；组 attractive adj. 吸引人的 _progress_ n. 进步 research n. 研究 easygoing adj. 好相处的 major_in 主修 graduate_from 毕业于 have_a_gift_for 对有天赋 work_hard_at 努力做 be_determined_to 更喜欢， 宁愿 set_sb_a_good_example_ 给某人树立一个好榜样 _be_considered_as 被认为/看作是 be_remembered_as 作为而被铭记 .Whilewriting Write a summary of the tex
6、t “ The Superhero Behind Superman ” 注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可适当增加连接词，以使行文连贯。 Step 1 List the outline of the passage. 1首段：总结原文的主要观点 2中间段：主要支撑细节(出生时间、地点、主要经历、主要贡献、成就等) 3尾段：总体性评价 Step 2 List the words，phrases and sentences. 1Words and phrases contribution n贡献 respect n. 尊敬 famous_ adj. 著名的 achievement n. 成就；成
7、绩 be_born_in 出生于 be_regarded_as 被认为是 make_remarkable_progress 取得显著进步 be_devoted_to 献身于 think_highly_of 高度评价 _try_out_for 参加选拔 2Sentences 虽然他再也不能走路了，但里夫以尊严和勇气开始了他的新生活。(让步状语从句) Although_he_could_never_walk_again,_Reeve_began_his_new_life_with_dignity_and_ _courage. 里夫解释说，尽管他可能激励了数百万人，“我所做的是基于我们内心的力量你不
8、需要成为超 人才能做到这一点。” (宾语从句；主语从句) Reeve_explained_that,_while_he_may_be_an_inspiration_to_millions， “what_I_do_is_based_on_powers_we_all_have_inside_us.and_you_dont_have_t o_be_a_Superman_to_do_it.” Step 3 Draft the article by using the following words. and, from then on, unfortunately, although，shortly
9、after, but Christopher Reeve not only played a superhero in many of the Superman films, but he was also a superhero to many in real life. Reeve acted in his first school play at the age of eight.As an actor, he tried out for, and starred in four Superman films from 1978 to 1987.From then on, he beca
10、me a worldfamous actor. Unfortunately, a terrible thing happened in 1995.Reeve was thrown from a horse and broke his neck.At first, doctors did not expect him to live.However, “Superman” didnt give up.Although he could never walk again, Reeve began his new life with dignity and courage.Shortly after
11、 his accident, Reeve returned to filmmaking.Over the next few years, he devoted himself to helping those in need. Christopher Reeve died on 10 October, 2004.But he will always be regarded as a superheroin more ways than one. .Postwritingpolishing the passage Exchange your passage with your partner，a
12、nd pay attention to the following points. 1.Is the format of the summary appropriate? 2.Are there any spelling mistakes? 3.Are there any grammatical mistakes like the tenses(时态)? 4.Does the summary include all the main contents? 5.Is written English correctly used? 亮点表达 精彩开头语 Yao Ming is a great bas
13、ketball player in China or even in the world. 姚明是中国乃至世界上伟大的篮球运动员。 Martin Luther King is now regarded as one of the heroes of the 20th century. 马丁路德金现在被认为是 20 世纪的英雄之一。 Einstein, who discovered the“Relativity Theory”， is well known in the world. 爱因斯坦发现了“相对论”是众所周知的。 Howard Carter is one of the most fam
14、ous explorers that the world has ever known. 霍华德卡特是世界上最著名的探险家之一。 Shakespeare, who was a son from a poor family, a man of little education, wrote plays and poems that are read all over the world. 莎士比亚出身贫寒，几乎没有受过什么教育，他写的戏剧和诗歌在全世界都有人读。 Tomas Edison, born in America, was a great scientist and inventor.
15、托马斯爱迪生生于美国，是一位伟大的科学家和发明家。 精华结尾语 Sb still live in ones heart. 某人仍然活在心里。 Sb set a good example to. 某人为树立了好榜样。 Sb be respected by. 某人受到的尊重。 Sb be honored as. 某人被尊为 Sb be regarded/accepted as. 某人被认为/接受为 Sb become a world champion at. 某人在成为世界冠军。 写作技巧 1文体要求 概要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长；概要应全部用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子；概要必 须
16、全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 2行文要求 删除细节，只保留主要观点；把长段的描述变成复合句；避免重复：在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能 会重复论证说明。但是这在概要中应该删除那些突出强调的重述句；文章中的第一人称说的话通常在概要 中转换成第三人称。 .单词拼写 1What disappoints me is not you, but your attitude(态度) 2In fact，summaries(摘要)are one of my best types of writings. 3We welcome all of you, wha
17、tever your racial(种族的)background. 4I think this is one of my training and learning opportunities(机会) 5The earth gives its all to us without any protest(抗议) 6Hes suffering from severe(严重的)mental disorder. 7But I want to be strong and independent(独立的)one day. 8He hopes to solve the problem by peaceful
18、(和平的)means. 9Tom is one of the most intelligent(聪敏的)students I have ever met. 10You made a very impressive(给人印象深刻的)speech.I believe it will change my life. .选词填空 fight for, apart from, come across, the other day, be regarded as, due to, major in, in spite of, pick out, put out fires 1My wife helped
19、me pick_out what I wanted. 2I lost weight in_spite_of_my good appetite. 3This is why I want to major_in history. 4He called on workers to fight_for_their rights. 5I hardly know anyone in the village apart_from you. 6This is the factory which I visited the_other_day 7It is_regarded_as one of the olde
20、st cities in the world. 8Id like to be a fireman because I want to put_out_fires 9Some students quit school due_to poverty. 10I came_across my college roommate yesterday. .语法练习完成句子 1He lives in a room，the_window_of_which faces west. 他住的房间，窗子向西开着。 2I wanted to find someone with_whom I could discuss b
21、ooks and music. 我想找到一个可以和我谈书和音乐的人。 3Ill never forget the day on_which/when_she_said_goodbye_to_me 我永远不会忘记她与我告别的那一天。 4In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to_whom_she_could_turn for help. 在黑暗的街上，她找不到一个人来帮助她。 5Is this the car for_which_you_paid a high price? 这是你花大价钱买的车吗？ 6The factory in_whi
22、ch/where_his_father_works is far away from our hometown. 他父亲工作的那家工厂离我们家乡很远。 7I dont know the reason for_which/why_he_was_late for school. 我不知道他为何上学迟到。 8The Greens have two daughters, both_of_whom are college students. 格林夫妇有两个女儿，她们都是大学生。 9A fall into a pit，a_gain_in_your_wit 吃一堑，长一智。 10The good seama
23、n is known in_bad_weather 要识好海员，须凭坏天气。 11Can you lend_your_dictionary_to_me? Can I borrow_your_dictionary? 能把你的字典借给我吗？ 12When did you get_to_the station yesterday? When did you reach the station yesterday? When did you arrive_at the station yesterday? 你昨天什么时候到达火车站？ .阅读理解 A Many experts say that Bill
24、y Wilder changed the history of American movies.He is often called the best movie maker Hollywood has ever had. He was known for making movies that offered sharp social comment.Wilder was one of the first directors to do this.Between the middle 1930s and the 1980s, Billy Wilder made almost fifty mov
25、ies.During that time he received more than twenty nominations (提名) from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.He won six of the Oscar awards.His movies have been seen by people around the world. In 1944, Billy Wilder made the film Double Indemnity.Some critics said this movie established h
26、im as one of the greatest Hollywood directors.Wilder directed The Lost Weekend in 1945.Ray Milland plays the part of an alcoholic writer in the movie.It shows that alcohol rules his life, yet he does not admit it.He hides alcohol in his home and says he is not drinking. In 1950, Wilder made Sunset B
27、oulevard.This movie told of an aging actress in silent movies.She plans to return to movies though facing many problems.In 1954, Billy Wilder became an independent producer.The next year, Wilders first movie as an independent filmmaker was a huge success.It was Seven Year Itch.In this movie, a marri
28、ed mailman wants to cheat on his wife with some of his friends.In 1959, Wilder made a funny movie that was very popular.It was Some Like It Hot.It tells about two jazz musicians being chased by criminals.They decide to wear womens clothes and join a band in which all the musicians were women. Wilder
29、 died in March，2002.He was ninetyfive.A current Hollywood producer said：“Billy Wilder made movies that people will never forget.” 【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国著名的电影导演 Billy Wilder (比利怀尔德)的电影制 作成就。 1The text is mainly about _ Athe background of American movies Bthe development of American movies CWilders att
30、itude to American movies DWilders achievements in American movies 答案 D 主旨大意题。根据文章首段和各段的首句可知，本文主要介绍的是美国电影导演 Billy Wilder 的电影制作成就。 2What was Wilder famous for according to Para.2? AHis unique style of making movies. BSharp remarks on society in his movies. CMore than twenty awards he received. DAlmost
31、 fifty movies he produced himself. 答案 B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知 Billy Wilder 擅长制作尖锐评论社会的电影，这是他出 名的原因。 3Which of the following made Wilder among the greatest Hollywood directors? ADouble Indemnity. BSunset Boulevard. CThe Lost Weekend. DSome like It Hot. 答案 A 细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知“1944 年，Billy Wilder 制作了电影双倍赔偿 ，
32、这部 电影使他跻身于好莱坞著名导演的行列。”可知选 A。 4The text is developed mainly by _ Afollowing time order Bmaking comparisons Canalyzing exact date Dgiving instructions 答案 A 篇章结构题。根据各段的年份可知，本文是按时间顺序来组织的。 B The 16yearold girl Jessica Watson is said to be the youngest person to sail nonstop alone around the world.But her
33、 record has been questioned because someone thought that she has not sailed far enough.She will also not be recognized by the World Speed Sailing Record Council， as it was too dangerous for someone under 18 years old. Ms Watson sailed into Sydney port on Saturday，seven months after leaving on a hard
34、 voyage.Family ， friends and Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd have gathered to greet her.Thousands of wellwishers waited at the port and watched from boats as Ms Watson sailed her pink，10meterlong boat over the finishing line.Many more Australians watched the event broadcast live on television.W
35、atson said she was just an “ordinary girl who believed in her dream” Ms Watson left Sydney on 18 October，despite that some people disagreed to her plan.Watson traveled northeast through the South Pacific and across the equator (赤道)，south to Cape Horn at the tip of South America，across the Atlantic O
36、cean to South Africa，through the Indian Ocean and around southern Australia.The route took her through some of the worlds most changeful waters， and she battled through huge storms and suffered seven accidents of her boat. People around the world have followed Ms Watsons adventures on her blog，which
37、 she has daily updated (更新)On her blog，she wrote down beautiful sunrise over seas，the excitement of meeting a blue whale and the bright，terrible sight of a shooting star flying across the night sky above her boat.Ms Watson has reportedly sold her story to a news company for $700，000.She is planning
38、to write a book on her experience. 【语篇解读】 16 岁少女杰西卡沃森驾驶着粉红游艇从悉尼出发，北上向东横渡太平洋，穿越赤道，南 下绕过南美洲的合恩角，接着越过大西洋，绕过非洲的好望角，经过印度洋，回到起点悉尼，成为最年轻 的环球独航者。 5Which of the following oceans DIDNT Ms Watson cross through in her voyage? AThe Pacific Ocean. BThe Atlantic Ocean. CThe Indian Ocean. DThe Arctic Ocean. 答案 D 细节
39、理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，没有经过北冰洋。 6Ms Watsons voyage will NOT be considered an official world record mainly because _ Ano one can prove that her route was dangerous enough Bshe hasnt applied for the record Cgirls are not allowed to take part in the dangerous sports Dteenagers are not encouraged to take such a
40、 dangerous adventure 答案 D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可判断，人们不鼓励青少年进行这类冒险活动。 7We can make a conclusion from this passage that Watson _ Awould make another voyage for money Bmade the worldround voyage for money Chad no way to communicate with others during the voyage. Dwas so confident and brave that she could ove
41、rcome troubles on her own. 答案 D 推理判断题。 根据第二段最后一句和第三段最后一句可以推断， 杰西卡沃森非常自信和勇敢， 能独自克服航海过程中遇到的种种困难。 8All the following can be inferred from this passage EXCEPT that _ AJessicas book about her voyage is a bestseller Bpeople in Australia had much interest in her voyage CJessica spent more than 200 days alo
42、ne at sea Dpeople have different attitudes towards Jessicas voyage 答案 A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可以推断，她现在还没有开始写这本书，更谈不上畅销。 .七选五 Eyes can speak Much meaning can be conveyed，clearly，with our eyes，so it is often said that eyes can speak. _1_ In a bus you may look at a stranger，but not for too long.And if he sen
43、ses that he is being stared at，he may feel uncomfortable. The same is true in our daily life.If you are stared at for more than necessary，you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you._2_ Eyes do speak，right? Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggr
44、essive._3_ If a man stares at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to look away from her，his intentions are obvious.He wishes to attract her attention and let her know that he is admiring her. However，when two people are engaged in a conversation，the speaker will only look into the listeners
45、 eyes from time to time to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is saying._4_ If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking as if trying to control you，you will feel awkward.A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim.He wrongly believes
46、that looking straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication._5_ Actually，eye contact should be made based on specific relationships and situations. AOn the contrary，it will give him away. BDo you have such kind of experience? CThats what normal eye contact is all about. DActually，continuous e
47、ye contact is limited to lovers only. EAfter all，nobody likes to be stared at for quite a long time. FBut things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex. GIf nothing goes wrong，you will feel annoyed at being stared at that way. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。我们可以通过眼睛传递很多信息，在不同的环境里，其意义也不同。 从某种程度上
48、来说，眼睛会说话。 1B 根据下文所举的公交车上的事例可知，B 项“你是否有过这种经历？”可以引出下文所举的事例， 符合语境。所以此处应选 B。 2G 上文提到如果有人长时间地盯着你，你就会检查自己全身是否什么地方有不当之处；而 G 项意为 “如果没什么问题的话，你会因别人那样盯着你而恼怒”，与上文话题紧密相连，符合语境。所以此处应 选 G。 3F 上文提到一直盯着他人似乎有些不礼貌；但下文提到当一位男性长时间盯着一位女性时，他的意 图很明显。F 项意为“但是当谈到盯着异性时，情况就不一样了”，与上下文呼应，构成了转折，符合语 境。所以此处应选 F。 4C 上文提到当两个人谈话的时候，说话人通常会不时地直视听话人，以确保听话人在专心听自己讲 话，下文谈到的是谈话时如果一直盯着听话人，就会显得想要控制他，这会使听话人感觉很不舒服。由此 可知，上文提到的是谈话时正常的眼神交流，下文的是不正常的。C 项意为“那是正常的眼神交流”，总 结上文话题，并引出下文不正常眼神交流的对比，符合语境。所以此处应选 C。 5A 上文提到不太会说谎的人会误认为直视对方是诚恳交流的标志。A 项意为“与此相反，那会将他出 卖”，与上文话题紧密相连，符合语境。所以此处应选 A。
