1、Unit 3 Conservation Section Grammar 走近新课走近新课一起感知一起感知 语法探究语法探究一起思考一起思考 语法感知 画出句子中的定语从句画出句子中的定语从句,并说明是限制性定语从句还是非限并说明是限制性定语从句还是非限 制性定语从句制性定语从句 1.These include the third mass extinction,known as the “Great Dying”,which killed 90% to 96% of all species. 2.The rate at which this is now happening is cause
2、for concern. which killed 90% to 96% of all species;非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 at which this is now happening;限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 3.A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US,looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes. 4.There is a long list of reas
3、ons why so many species are dying out. who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US;限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 why so many species are dying out;限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 5.If a sixth mass extinction occurs,scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species could die
4、 out. 6.We need to take steps to save endangered species including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be protected. who have studied the issue;限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 where plants and animals can be protected;限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 7.If we want to survive,we need to stop destroying the planet that
5、 we live on and start to protect it. that we live on;限制性定语限制性定语从句从句 知识脉络 语法精讲 定语从句定语从句(4) 限制性和非限制性定语从句限制性和非限制性定语从句 一、结构一、结构 定语从句修饰主句中的名词成分定语从句修饰主句中的名词成分(主语、宾语或者表语主语、宾语或者表语),其其 引导词的辨别方式在限制性与非限制性定语从句中没有区别。引导词的辨别方式在限制性与非限制性定语从句中没有区别。 限制性与非限制性定语从句主要区别如下限制性与非限制性定语从句主要区别如下 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句
6、1 从句不能省略从句不能省略,如果省略如果省略 整个句子意思不完整整个句子意思不完整 从句可以省略从句可以省略,如果省略整个如果省略整个 句子意思仍然完整句子意思仍然完整 2 可以用可以用 that 引导引导 不可以用不可以用 that 引导引导 3 引导词有时可以省略引导词有时可以省略 引导词不可以省略引导词不可以省略 4 主句与从句不需要用逗号主句与从句不需要用逗号 隔开隔开 主句与从句需要用逗号隔开主句与从句需要用逗号隔开 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 5 从句只修饰先行词从句只修饰先行词 从句既可以修饰先行词从句既可以修饰先行词,也可以修也可以修 饰整
7、个句子或句子的一部分饰整个句子或句子的一部分 6 不能修饰一个事件不能修饰一个事件 可以修饰一个事件可以修饰一个事件 二、用法二、用法 1.当从句中缺少的成分为名词性成分时当从句中缺少的成分为名词性成分时 关系关系 代词代词 定语从定语从 句类型句类型 示示例例 that 限限 制制 性性 The bus that was full of tourists stopped near the Leaning Tower of Pisa. 那辆满载游客的巴士在比那辆满载游客的巴士在比萨斜塔附近停车了。萨斜塔附近停车了。 非限非限 制性制性 不引导不引导 关系关系 代词代词 定语从定语从 句类型句类
8、型 示示例例 which 限制性限制性 The Eco-capsule has a thick layer which significantly reduces heat loss. 这个生态胶囊有一层可以明显减少热量流失这个生态胶囊有一层可以明显减少热量流失 的厚厚的涂层。的厚厚的涂层。 关系关系 代词代词 定语从定语从 句类型句类型 示示例例 which 非限制性非限制性 (which 可可 指代整个指代整个 主句主句) The pod is equipped with solar panels,which guarantee solar energy as its power. 吊舱配
9、有太阳能电池板吊舱配有太阳能电池板,保证太阳能为动保证太阳能为动 力。力。 关系关系 代词代词 定语从定语从 句类型句类型 示示例例 who 限制性限制性 Scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species could die out. 研究这个问题的科学家认为所有物种中多达研究这个问题的科学家认为所有物种中多达 3/4 可能会灭绝。可能会灭绝。 关系关系 代词代词 定语从定语从 句类型句类型 示示例例 who 非限制性非限制性 Our guide,who was a Fr
10、ench Canadian,was an excellent cook. 我们的向导我们的向导,一个法裔加拿大人一个法裔加拿大人,是一位优秀是一位优秀 的厨师。的厨师。 关系关系 代词代词 定语从定语从 句类型句类型 示例示例 whom 限制性限制性 The author whom you criticised in your review has written a reply. 你在评论中批评的那位作者已经回信答复你在评论中批评的那位作者已经回信答复 了。了。 非限制非限制 性性 Peter,whom you met in London,is now back in Paris. 彼得现在
11、回巴黎了彼得现在回巴黎了,你在伦敦见过他。你在伦敦见过他。 关系关系 代词代词 定语从定语从 句类型句类型 示例示例 as 限制性限制性 Chongqing is not the same city as we have seen in other places. 重庆和我们在其他地方看过的城市不一样。重庆和我们在其他地方看过的城市不一样。 非限制非限制 性性 As is known to the United States,Mark Twain is a great American writer. 美国人都知道美国人都知道,马克马克 吐温是一位伟大的美国吐温是一位伟大的美国 作家。作家。
12、2.当从句中缺少的成分为形容词性成分时当从句中缺少的成分为形容词性成分时 关系词关系词 定语从定语从 句类型句类型 示例示例 whose 限制性限制性 I need a house whose windows face south so that I can bask in the sun. 我需要一栋窗户朝南的房子我需要一栋窗户朝南的房子,这样我可以晒这样我可以晒 晒太阳。晒太阳。 关系词关系词 定语从定语从 句类型句类型 示例示例 whose 非限制性非限制性 The boy,whose father is an engineer,studies very hard. 这个男孩学习很努力这
13、个男孩学习很努力,他的爸爸是一位工程他的爸爸是一位工程 师。师。 【即学即用】【即学即用】 单句语法填空单句语法填空 My gardener, is very pessimistic,says that there will be no apples this year. He is absorbed in work, he often was. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, made the others unhappy. who as which These apple trees, I plante
14、d three years ago,have not borne any fruit. The man two sons had both died in the war was very poor. The car crashed into me belonged to Paul. which whose which/that 3.当从句中缺少的成分为状语当从句中缺少的成分为状语时时 关系词关系词 定语从定语从 句类型句类型 示例示例 when 限制限制 性性 We are living in an age when many things can be done on computers.
15、 我们生活在一个许多事情都可以在电脑上完我们生活在一个许多事情都可以在电脑上完 成的时代。成的时代。 非限非限 制性制性 He will put off the picnic until May 1st,when he will be free. 他将把野餐推迟到他将把野餐推迟到 5 月月 1 号号,那时他将有空。那时他将有空。 关系词关系词 定语从定语从 句类型句类型 示例示例 where 限制限制 性性 He went to a city where iron was produced in huge quantities. 他去了一个大量产铁的城市。他去了一个大量产铁的城市。 非限非限
16、制性制性 They went to London,where they lived for six months. 他们去了伦敦他们去了伦敦,在那儿住了六个月的时间。在那儿住了六个月的时间。 关系词关系词 定语从定语从 句类型句类型 示例示例 why 限制性限制性 There are several reasons why he cannot do that. 他不做那件他不做那件事有几个原因。事有几个原因。 非限非限 制性制性 不引导不引导 关系词关系词 定语从定语从 句类型句类型 示例示例 介词介词+ which 限制限制 性性 He was asking questions to whi
17、ch there were no answers. 他在问几个没有他在问几个没有答案答案的问题。的问题。 非限非限 制性制性 They were short of sticks for the climbing vines,without which the yield would be halved. 他们缺搭葡萄架的棍儿他们缺搭葡萄架的棍儿,没有它们产量会减少没有它们产量会减少 一半。一半。 关系词关系词 定语从定语从 句类型句类型 示例示例 介词介词+ whom 限制限制 性性 Outside was the man with whom he usually worked. 外面是那个他
18、经常共事的人。外面是那个他经常共事的人。 非限非限 制性制性 The textile mill has over 8,000 workers and staffs,eighty percent of whom are women. 这家纺织厂有这家纺织厂有 8 千多职工千多职工,女职工占百分之八女职工占百分之八 十。十。 【即学即用】【即学即用】 单句语法填空单句语法填空 I met a famous professor in the hotel, the meeting was held. He may have acute appendicitis, which case he will have to be operated on. where in It now has 20,000 hectares of land,more than two-thirds which are under cultivation. Mr Smith, whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist. The reasons so many species are dying out are related to human activities. of from why
