1、重点单词重点单词 1. 会拼读单词，掌握单词的基本含义。 2. 掌握单词的基本用法，并能正确地用于句中。 重点：重点：litter; cost; harmful; scientific; afford; work 难点：难点：cost, harmful, afford 的用法。 本部分的单词 cost, harmful, afford 是中考中的考查重点，常以单选、词汇运用、动词应 用的形式出现在中考试题中，分值在 13 分。 一、单词领读一、单词领读 litter v. n. 乱扔乱扔 垃圾；废弃物垃圾；废弃物 bottom n. 底部；最底部；最下部下部 fisherman n. 渔民；钓
2、鱼的人渔民；钓鱼的人 coal n. 煤；煤块煤；煤块 ugly adj. 丑陋的；难看的丑陋的；难看的 advantage n. 优点；有利条件优点；有利条件 cost v. n. 花费花费 花费；价钱花费；价钱 wooden adj. 木制的；木头的木制的；木头的 plastic adj. n. 塑料的塑料的 塑料；塑胶塑料；塑胶 takeaway n. 外卖食物外卖食物 bin n. 垃圾箱垃圾箱 shark n. 鲨鱼鲨鱼 fin n. （鱼）鳍（鱼）鳍 cruel adj. 残酷的；残忍的残酷的；残忍的 harmful adj. 有害的有害的 be harmful to 对有对有害害
3、 at the top of 在顶部或顶端在顶部或顶端来来 源源:Zxxk.Com chain n. 链子；链条链子；链条 the food chain 食物链食物链 ecosystem n. 生态系统生态系统 industry n. 工业；行业工业；行业 law n. 法律；法规法律；法规 scientific adj. 科学上的；科学的科学上的；科学的 take part in 参加参加来源 来源:Zxxk.Com afford v. 承担得起（后果） ；承担得起（后果） ； 买得起买得起 turn off 关掉关掉 reusable adj. 可重复使用的；可可重复使用的；可 再次使用的
4、再次使用的 pay for 付费；付出代价付费；付出代价 take action 采取行动采取行动 transportation n. 运输业；交通运输运输业；交通运输 recycle v. 回收利用；再利用回收利用；再利用 napkin n. 餐巾；餐巾纸餐巾；餐巾纸 throw away 扔掉；抛弃扔掉；抛弃 put sth. to good use 好好利用某物好好利用某物 pulldown 扔下；摧毁扔下；摧毁 upside down 上下颠倒；倒转上下颠倒；倒转 gate n. 大门大门 bottle n. 瓶子瓶子 president n. 负责人；主席；总负责人；主席；总 统统
5、inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人灵感；鼓舞人心的人 （或事（或事物）物） iron n. 铁铁 work n. （音乐、艺术）作品（音乐、艺术）作品 metal n. 金属金属 bring back 恢复；使想起；归还恢复；使想起；归还 creativity n. 创造力；独创性创造力；独创性 二、重点单词二、重点单词 【单词学习】【单词学习】 1. litter l t v. 乱扔乱扔 n. 垃圾；废弃物垃圾；废弃物 litter 作名词“垃圾”讲，是四处乱丢的物品的总称，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物。 Its impolite to litter everywhere. 到
6、处乱扔垃圾是不文明的。 Dont throw the litter everywhere. 不要到处乱扔垃圾。 rubbish 主要指有机废料，包括厨房的剩菜剩饭或不能再用的食物，多用于英式英语， 是不可数名词。可与 litter 互换。 The dustman comes once a week to collect the rubbish. 清洁工每周来收一次垃圾。 Dont throw the _ everywhere. It can pollute the environment. A. rubbish B. litter C. litters D. A pay B. cost; sp
7、end C. pay; spend D. spends; pay 答案：答案：A 思路分析：思路分析：句意“去中心公园的票多少钱？单程票 40 美元，往返票你需要再付 20 美元。 ”cost“花费” ，物作主语；spend“花费” ，人作主语；pay for“付款” ，人作主语，所 以选 A 项。 3. harmful ha:mfl adj. 有害的有害的 harmful adj. 有害的有害的 be harmful to 对有害 Smoking is harmful to you, so you should give it up. 抽烟对你有害，所以你应当戒烟。 harm v. 有害；伤
8、害；危害有害；伤害；危害 harm n. 有害；伤害；危害有害；伤害；危害 do harm to = be harmful to 对有害 harmless adj. 无害的无害的 Drinking too much can harm you. 喝太多酒会危害你。 Smoking does harm to you, so you should give it up. 抽烟对你有害，所以你应当戒烟。 Dont be afraid of the snake. Its harmless. 不要害怕这种蛇。它是无害的。 Spending too much time online _ peoples he
9、alth. A. is harm to B. is harmful to C. does harmful to D. does harm 答案：答案：B 思路分析：思路分析：be harmful to = do harm to，意为“对有害” ；浏览各选项可知 B 项正确。 句意为“在网上花费太多的时间对人们的健康是有害的。 ” 4. scientific ,santfk adj. 科学上的；科学的科学上的；科学的 They made the school a place for scientific experiments. 他们把学校变成了科学实验的场所。 science n. 自然科学自
10、然科学 scientist n. 科学家科学家 The boy prefers science to languages. 这男孩相对于语言来说，更喜欢自然科学。 We all know Tomas Edison was a great scientist. 我们都知道托马斯爱迪生是一位伟大的科学家。 I want to be a _ when I grow up, because I am interested in _ and I like working on _ studies. A. scientist; science; scientific B. science; scienti
11、st; scientific C. scientific; science; scientist D. scientist; scientific; science 答案：答案：A 思路分析：思路分析：第一空格前是冠词，说明空格处应用名词，排除 C 项，因为 scientific 是形 容词；第二空格前是介词 in，故空格处用名词，排除 D 项；再据句意“我长大了想当一名 科学家，因为我对自然科学感兴趣并且我喜欢从事科学研究。 ” ，故选 A 项。 5. afford f:d v. 承担得起（后果） ；买得起承担得起（后果） ；买得起 后接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语，常与情态动词 can,
12、could, be able to 连用，尤其多 用于否定句或疑问句中。 We can afford a new car. 我们能买得起一辆新车。 Can he afford to buy the house? 他能买得起这套房子吗？ In the old days, they _ call in a doctor. A. cant afford B. cant afford to C. couldnt afford D. couldnt afford to 答案：答案：D 思路分析：思路分析：根据 In the old days “过去”可知时态用一般过去时，从 C, D 两项中选其 一。c
13、all 是动词，故前用不定式符号 to，所以 C 项也是错误的。 6. work w:k n. （音乐、艺术）作品（音乐、艺术）作品 是可数名词，多用作复数形式。 People are fond of Mo Yans works. 人们喜欢莫言的作品。 work n. 工作，是不可数名词。表示“一份工作”常用：a piece of work。 work v. 工作，是不及物动词。 He has too much work to do. 他有太多的工作需要做。 They worked at a small restaurant two years ago. 两年前他们在一家小餐馆工作。 His
14、uncle is making a study of Jinyongs _. A. work B. the work C. a work D. works 答案：答案：D 思路分析：思路分析：句意为“他叔叔在研究金庸的作品” ；work 意为“作品”时，是可数名词， 故选 D 项。 1. The boy often _ on the playground. A. litter B. rubbish C. litters D. rubbishes 2. I _ 200 yuan on this new skirt. A. took B. paid C. cost D. spent 3. 他们想对
15、此做一个科学报告。 They want to do a _ _ about it. 4. 寒冷天气对橘子树有害。 Cold weather is _ _ orange trees. 5. 今年夏天我们没有足够的钱出国。 We _ _ to go abroad this summer. 6. 你现在在哪儿工作？你能帮我找份工作吗？ Where do you _? Can you help me find a _ _ _? 答案：答案： 1-2 CD 3. scientific report 4. harmful to 5. cant afford 6. work; piece of work 思
16、路分析：思路分析： 1. 根据题干中缺谓语可知排除 B, D 两项；主语是第三人称单数，故选 C 项。 2. 主语是人，故排除 A, C 两项；根据介词 on 可知选 D 项。pay 后接介词 for。 （答题时间：（答题时间：15 分钟）分钟） . 根据句意和汉语提示完成单词根据句意和汉语提示完成单词 1. Its wrong to drop _(垃圾) everywhere. Dont do it again. 2. You look _(难看的) in such a coat. 3. People often get warm using _(煤). 4. Our country _(工
17、业) is developing fast. 5. The knife is made of _(金属). . 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1. The book _ (cost) me 10 yuan. 2. We should take part in _ (protect) the environment. 3. He is poor and cant afford _ (buy) a new car. 4. There _ (use) to be dinosaurs on the earth. 5. If sharks numbers drop too
18、 low, it _(bring) danger to all ocean life. . 完形填空完形填空 Waste can be seen everywhere in the school. Some students ask for 1 food than they can eat and others often forget to 2 the lights when they leave the classroom. They say they can afford these things. But I dont agree with them. Waste can 3 a lo
19、t of problems. Although China is rich in some resources, we are short of others, for example, fresh water. It is reported that we will have no coal or oil to use in 100 years. So if we go on 4 our resources, what can we use in the future and where can we move? Think about it. I think we should say 5
20、 to the students who waste things every day. Everybody should 6 wasting as soon as possible. In 7 everyday life, we can do many things to prevent waste from happening; for example, turn off the water taps when we finish 8 , turn off the lights 9 we leave the classroom, try 10 to order more food than
21、 we need, and so on. Little by little, everything will be changed. Waste can be stopped one day, if we do our best. 1. A. more B. less C. fewer D. much 2. A. take off B. turn off C. turn on D. take out 3. A. take B. bring C. takes D. get 4. A. waste B. wastes C. wasting D. wasted 5. A. OK B. no C. y
22、es D. good 6. A. keep B. begin C. get D. stop 7. A. our B. we C. my D. me 8. A. washing B. eating C. drinking D. playing 9. A. what B. so C. why D. when 10. A. not B. no C. be D. ones . 1. litter 2. ugly 3. coal 4. industry 5. metal . 1. cost 2. protecting 3. to buy 4. used 5. will bring . 1. A 解析：从
23、首句获知本篇材料在谈浪费问题，所以学生们要的食物比他们可以吃的 多。 2. B 解析：根据后面的 when they leave the classroom“当他们离开教室的时候”可知要 关灯，turn off 意为“关掉”，故选 B 项。 3. B 解析：句意：浪费可以带来许多问题。bring 带来，故选 B 项。 4. C 解析： 根据句意“如果我们继续浪费资源”可知此处用短语 go on doing， 故选 C 项。 5. B 解析：根据句意“我们应该对浪费东西的同学说不”可知选 B 项。 6. D 解析：根据句意“每个人都应该尽可能快地停止浪费”，stop 意为“停止”，可知 选 D
24、项。 7. A 解析：根据“我们可以做很多事情避免浪费”可知本句意为“在我们的日常生活 中”，故选 A 项。 8. A 解析：根据 turn off the water taps“关掉水龙头”可知选 A 项。 9. D 解析：根据句意“离开教室的时候关灯”可知选 D 项。 10. A 解析：根据上、下句可知，本句句意为“尽量不要点超出我们需要的食物”，故 选 A 项。 重点短语重点短语 1. 学习短语的基本含义和用法。 2. 灵活运用所学的短语，学会用短语造句。 重点：重点：take part in; turn off; take action; throw away; bring back
25、难点：难点：take part in, turn off 的用法。 本部分的 take part in, turn off 是中考中的考查重点， 常以单选的形式出现在中考试题中， 分值在 12 分。 【短语学习】【短语学习】 1. take part in 参加参加 表示参加某项活动。其宾语常常是竞赛、讨论、战争等。 We all took part in the competition. 我们都参加了这次比赛。 take part in; join; join in; attend （1）take part in 指“参加群众性活动”； （2）join 意为“参加某种组织并成为其中的一名成员
26、，或加入到某人群中”； （3）join in 表示“参加某种活动”，相当于 take part in； （4）attend 表示“出席、参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼、上课、上学、听报告” 。 Im going to take part in the sports meeting. =Im going to join in the sports meeting. 我将参加运动会。 He joined the Party last year. 他去年入党了。 They attended an important meeting yesterday. 昨天他们出席了一次重要的会议。 His si
27、ster _ a speech contest yesterday. A. joins B. takes part in C. joined D. took part in 答案：答案：D 思路分析：思路分析：根据 yesterday 可判断时态用一般过去时，故排除 A, B 两项；句意为“他妹 妹昨天参加了一次演讲比赛。 ” ，故选 D 项。 2. turn off 关掉关掉 常构成短语：turn off the light/ the shower/ the TV 关上灯/淋浴器/电视 You must turn off the lights before you leave the roo
28、m. 离开房间前你必须把灯关掉。 turn on 打开 turn up 调高（音量、温度等） turn down 调低（音量、温度等） ；拒绝 It is time for cartoons. Can I turn on the TV, Mum? 动画片的时间到了，妈妈，我可以打开电视吗？ The music is wonderful. Will you please turn up the radio? 这音乐很美妙，你能把收音机音量开大点吗？ If you feel hot, you may turn down the air-conditioner. 如果你感觉到热，你可以把空调温度调低
29、些。 The radio is too noisy. You had better _. Your grandmother is sleeping. A. turn on it B. turn it down C. turn off it D. turn it up 答案：答案：B 思路分析思路分析：与动词、副词搭配，代词必须放中间，名词可放中间也可放后边，故排除选 项 A, C 两项。而选项 B 意为“调小；拒绝” 。选项 D 意为“调大；出现” 。因此由句意可知， 答案为 B 项。 3. take action 采取行动采取行动 用作不及物动词。 take action to do sth
30、. 采取行动做某事 Its time to take action. 到了该行动起来的时候了。 We should take action to stop factories from throwing waste water into seas and rivers. 我们应当采取行动阻止工厂往海里、河里排放污水。 Now students, lets take action _ our lessons. A. review B. reviewing C. to review D. reviewed 答案：答案：C 思路分析：思路分析：take action to do sth. 意为“采取
31、行动做某事” ；故选 C 项。 4. throw away 扔掉；抛弃扔掉；抛弃 它是动副短语，代词作宾语时，要放在两词之间。 The sofa is old. Please throw it away. 这沙发旧了。请把它扔掉吧。 throw 的相关短语：的相关短语： throw down 扔下；throw into 把扔到中； away 的相关短语：的相关短语： right away 立刻；马上；give away 捐赠；赠送；run away 跑开；put away 收拾好。 Its not right _ food. A. throw away B. throw down C. to
32、throw away D. to throw down 答案：答案：C 思路分析：思路分析：it 在句中是形式主语，真正主语是动词不定式；throw away 意为“扔掉” ； throw down 意为“扔下” ；根据句意“扔掉食物是不正确的。 ”可知选 C 项。 5. bring back 恢复；使想起；归还恢复；使想起；归还 是及物动词短语。 bring back to life 使复活；给活力 A week by the sea brought her back to health. 她在海滨待了一周后就恢复了健康。 The old photo brought back many me
33、mories. 这张旧照片引起了许多回忆。 Can God bring dead people back to life? 上帝能使死人复活吗？ bring out 使显现；使表现出； bring good luck to 给带来好运 The TV play _ some of my childhood. A. brought back B. brought out C. brought back to life D. brought good luck to 答案：答案：A 思路分析：思路分析：句意为“这部电视剧想起了我的童年时代。 ” ；A 项意为“恢复；使想起；归 还” ；B 项意为“使
34、显现；使表现出” ；C 项意为“使恢复” ；D 项意为 “给带来好运” ； 故选 A 项。 1. He _ an English club last year and has improved his English a lot. A. took part in B. produced C. joined D. joined in 2. Its getting dark. Please _ the light. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down D. turn around 3. Please _ the book tomorrow. A. bring o
35、ut B. bring back C. bring to D. bring good luck 4. 请把那些旧衣服扔掉吧。 Please _ _ those old clothes. 5. 他们及时采取行动阻止打架。 They _ _ in time _ _ fighting. 答案：答案：13 CAB 4. throw away 5. took action; to stop 思路分析：思路分析： 1. 句意“他去年参加了英语俱乐部，并且他的英语已经提高了很多。”本题考查词义， “参加”符合题意，故选 C 项。 2. 考查动副短语辨析。turn on 打开，turn off 关掉，turn
36、 down（音量）调查小，turn around 环顾四周。由前句“天快黑了”知后句意为“请打开灯”，所以选 A 项。 3. 句意为“请明天归还书。 ” ，故选 B 项。 （答题时间：（答题时间：10 分钟）分钟） . 短语汉英互译短语汉英互译 1. 参加_ 2. full of_ 3. 关掉_ 4. play a part in_ 5. 采取行动_ 6. cut down_ 7. 扔掉；抛弃_ 8. make a difference_ 9. 恢复；归还；使想起_ 10. be good for health_ . 阅读理解阅读理解 Dont you find fewer and fewer
37、 animals can be seen in nature? Do you know more and more animals are in danger of disappearance? How to protect the endangered animals is a great problem for us all. I personally suggest that the best way to do this is to build more national wild animal parks. Firstly, national parks protect the an
38、imals natural home. The forests that farmers clear for new fields, and the trees that are cut down to be used for buildings, are just animals home. If their home is destroyed, many animals are unable to live any longer. And more of them will disappear. Secondly, national parks protect animals from t
39、he danger of being hunted. A main reason why many kinds are endangered is that hunters kill them for their skins, horns and so on. On the other hand, some people are against building national parks. They consider that the national parks will interfere(妨碍) with them. They say wild animals are happier
40、 in the wild, though they meet some dangers. All in all, though the disadvantages are far less important than the advantages of the national parks. These parks allow animals to live in safety in their natural environment by protecting from their greatest enemy-humans. 1. The writer thinks the best w
41、ay to save these animals is _. A. to plant more trees B. to put animals in the forests C. to let animals live in nature D. to build national parks 2. One of the advantages of building national parks is that _. A. animals can live there freely B. animals can escape from the danger of being hunted C.
42、people can go to see them easily D. animals can eat something they want 3. Some people who are against building national parks think animals should live _. A. in the wild B. in the forests C. in the zoos D. in the mountains 4. National parks offer _ to many endangered animals according to the passag
43、e. A. big and clean room B. a safe and natural environment C. delicious food D. good nurses 5. The main reason for the animals being endangered is that _. A. people cut down trees B. people clear the forests for fields C. people kill animals D. natural parks interfere with animals . 1. take part in
44、2. 充满 3. turn off 4. 起作用；参与 5. take action 6. 砍倒 7. throw away 8. 起作用；有影响 9. bring back 10. 对健康有好处 . 1. D 解析： 根据短文第一段最后一句话 I personally suggest that the best way to do this is to build more national wild animal parks.可知。 2. B 解析：根据短文第三段的句子 Secondly, national parks protect animals from the danger of
45、being hunted.可知。 3. A 解析：根据句子 They say wild animals are happier in the wild, though they meet some dangers.可知。 4. B 解析：根据短文二、三段可知。 5. C 解析：根据句子 A main reason why many kinds are endangered is that hunters kill them for their skins, horns and so on. 可知。 重点句型重点句型 1. 学习句型，理解句型的含义； 2. 正确地运用句型，并能将其灵活地用于写作
46、中。 重点：重点： 1. But do you realize that youre killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup? 2. You have probably never heard of Amy Hayes, but she is a most unusual woman. 难点：难点：each time 引导时间状语从句， “a + most +形容词原级”的用法。 本部分 each time 引导时间状语从句， “a + most +形容词原级”的用法都是中考中的考 查重点，常以单选、
47、完形、词汇运用的形式出现在中考试题中，分值在 12 分。 一、重点句型一、重点句型 【句型学习】【句型学习】 1. But do you realize that youre killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup? 但是你能意识到每次你品尝的一碗鲨鱼翅汤需要杀死一头鲨鱼来获得吗？但是你能意识到每次你品尝的一碗鲨鱼翅汤需要杀死一头鲨鱼来获得吗？ 本句是复合句，本句是复合句，each time 引导的是时间状语从句；在主句中，引导的是时间状语从句；在主句中，that 引导的是一个宾语引导的是一个宾语 从
48、句。从句。 each time 每次，名词性短语，引导时间状语从句。相当于 every time。 Each time I meet him, he tries to tell me something new. 每次我遇到他，他都尽力告诉我一些新的事情。 类似的还有：the first time, the minute, the moment 等。 _ she comes to see me, she always brings me some gifts. A. The moment B. The first time C. The next time D. Each time 答案：答案：D 思路分析：思路分析：A 项意为“一就” ；B 项意为“第一次” ；C 项意为“下次” ；D 项意为 “每次” ；根据句意“每次她来看我，总是给我带一些礼物” ，故选 D 项。 2. You have
