1、1 Unit 10 Youre supposed to shake hands. Section A 1.be supposed to do sth情态动词.“应该做某事；被期望做某事”含有应该或理应做某事之意。 eg:We are all supposed to protect our environment. 练习： ( )1.To keep safe,everyone _ to wear a seat belt in the car. A.is supposed B.supposes C.supposed D.will supposed ( )2.Animals are our clos
2、e friends.Were supposed _ them. A.to protect B.protecting C.protect D.protected ( )3.I was supposed to _ 8:00,but I was late. A.arrive at B.reach at C.get at D.arrive in ( )4.I dont suppose anyone can work out the problem,_ ? A.do I B.dont I C.can they D.cant they 2.for the first time“第一次”单独使用作状语。 e
3、g:We saw him for the first time last year. 短语： in time 及时 on time 准时 at any time 随时 all the time 一直；总是 at no time 立即；马上 at the same time 同时 at times 有时候 for a time 暂时 from time to time 不时；偶尔 短语： ( )1.I think every student should go to school _ ,but some of them are always late. A.by the time B.on ti
4、me C.for a time D.at times ( )2.Why couldnt you really enjoy your holiday? Because I was sick _ I was there. A.all the same B.all time C.all the time D.anyway ( )3.They lived in a small village _ . A.all the time B.all the same C.all this same D.all time 3.expect 的用法 sth.预料/期望某事 to do sth.期待/期望做某事 e
5、xpect sb.to do sth.期待/期望某人做某事 that 从句预料；想；认为 练习： ( )1.You look sad.What has happened? Everyone _ us to win the match,but we lost. A.expect B.expected C.hopes D.hoped 2 4.shake hands with sb.与握手 练习： ( )1.Chinese people _ when they meet for the first time. A.bow B.kiss C.shake hands D.laugh ( )2.You m
6、ust _ the bottle before you take the medicine. A.break B.shake C.cover D.throw 5.make friends with sb.和交朋友 6.as soon as连词“一就”引导时间状语从句，符合主将从现原则。 eg:Ill tell him as soon as I see him. 练习： ( )1.Boys and girls,calm down and focus on the test paper _ you begin to think about the answers.Be confident.You
7、can do it! A.as if B.as soon as C.although D.even if 7.be relaxed about“对放松；对随意” eg:They are relaxed about time. 注：relaxed adj.用来形容人；relaxing adj.用来形容物。 练习： ( )1.After the _ holiday,I feel really _ . A.relaxing;relaxed B.relaxing;relaxing C.relaxed;relaxing D.relaxed;relaxed 8.drop 的用法 搭配： drop by+地
8、点 n“顺便访问；顺便拜访”(=drop in at+地点 n) drop in on sb.“顺便拜访某人” 练习： ( )1.My pen pal always _ his friends homes without _ plans. A.drops by;make B.drops by;making C.visit;make D.visit;making 9.as.as sb.can(=as .as possible)“尽某人所能；尽可能的” eg:Ill do my homework as carefully as I can. 练习： ( )1.She would help you
9、as much as you _ . A.can B.could C.may D.might 10.after all“毕竟；终究” eg:Dont be angry with him.After all,he is a child. all 短语： not at all 一点也不 all of a sudden 突然 all the time 一直；总是 all in all 总的来说 in all 总计；总共 above all 最重要的是 first of all 首先；第一 all over 到处；处处 练习： ( )1.I think Bob draws well._ hes onl
10、y 4 years old. 3 A.At first B.At all C.Above all D.After all ( )2.The little boy cant understand what you said._ ,hes only 2 years old. A.After all B.At all C.In all D.For all 11.make an effort to do sth.“作出努力做某事”(=make efforts to do sth.) eg:We should make our efforts to study hard. 练习： ( )1.He is
11、a determined man,and he always _ an effort to do his job. A.making B.make C.makes D.to make 12.take off“脱下(衣服)；飞机(起飞)” eg:What time does the plane take off? 练习： ( )1.Its too hot today. Yes.Why dont you _ your jacket? A.put on B.put up C.take off D.take after ( )2.The planes to Chengdu _ just now.You
12、 have to wait until tomorrow. A.took off B.took after C.took out D.took away 13.worth adj.“值得；有价值的” 搭配： be worth doing sth.值得做某事(doing 要用主动表示被动) eg:True friendship is worth more than money. 练习： ( )1.What do you think of his talk on the Information Technology? Oh,very good.Its worth _ . A.listening t
13、o B.to listen to C.listening D.hearing ( )2.This book is well written.Its worth _ . A.read B.reading C.reads D.to read ( )3.I dont think the program on TV is worth _ . A.to hear B.to watch C.hearing D.watching Section B 1.go out of ones way to do sth.“特意做某事” eg:He said he would go out of his way to
14、help me. 练习： ( )1.How was your trip to Shanghai? Not bad.My friends _ their way to make me feel at home. A.did their best B.went out of C.used out D.used up ( )2.The host family went out of _ way to make us feel at home. A.they B.them C.their D.theirs 2.make sb.feel at home“使某人感到宾至如归” eg:Their warm
15、reception made us feel at home. 练习： ( )1.Loud music may make people _ fast. A.to eat B.eat C.eaten D.eats ( )2._ her _ me very angry. A.Waiting;make B.Waiting for;make C.Wait for;makes D.Waiting for;makes 4 ( )3.What _ you so excited? I got an A in the English test. A.made B.had C.felt D.put ( )4._
16、.Have a seat. Thank you. A.All right B.Thats your home C.Make yourself feel at home D.Its a great pleasure 3.区别：except,besides except“除了”后所跟内容排除在外。 besides“除了之外，还”后所跟内容包括在内。 eg:They all went to the movies except me. He has no relatives besides an aged aunt. 练习： ( )1.All the workers went home yesterd
17、ay _ Mr.White.Why? Because he was on duty. A.except B.besides C.except for D.beside ( )2.Students go to school every day _ Saturday and Sunday. A.beside B.besides C.except D.except for ( )3.I dont like this coat._ ,it costs too much. A.Beside B.Besides C.Yet D.Though ( )4.Water is very important for
18、 us.We cant live _ it. A.except B.with C.without D.besides 4.suggestion,advice“建议” suggestionC对应的动词形式为：suggest。a suggestion=a piece of advice adviceU对应的动词形式为：advise。 eg:His suggestion is that we should learn from each other. 练习： ( )1.Could you please give me some _ on how to learn English _ ? Sure.P
19、ractice makes perfect. A.advice;good B.suggestions;good C.advice;well D.suggestion;well 5.动词不定式的用法 不定式不可作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语、状语，构成不定式短语，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、 定语（表将来） 、状语或补足语。中考对不定式的考查主要有不定式的时态、语态、作用、否定、省略、连 词不定式等。 1.不定式作主语 不定式作主语表示具体的动作，通常指一件已知的事或目的。 不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 eg:To say is a thing,to do is another.(说是一回事
20、，做是另外一回事。) （2）不定式短语较长时，通常放在谓语之后，用 it 作形式主语。 eg:It is important to learn English well.(学好英语是重要的。) It is necessary for us to do the job well.(我们做好这项工作是必要的。) It is a great honor to be invited to give a speech here.被邀请在这儿发表演讲是一个极大的荣幸。 2.不定式作宾语 to do 表示特定、具体、将来、一次性的动作。 只能接 to do 作宾语的动词有： 5 记忆口诀为：决心学会想希望，
21、 （determine;learn;want/intend;wish/hope/long/expect/desire） 拒绝犹豫待假装； （refuse;hesitate;wait;pretend） 答应失败旨设法； （promise;fail;aim;manage） 主动决定选计划。 （offer;decide;choose;plan） 担负威胁请同意， （afford;threaten;ask;agree,） 以上声称要牢记。(claim) 只 能 接to do作 宾 语 的 动 词 短 语 有 ： would like/love,try/do ones best,be+adj.( 如 ：
22、 glad/happy/pleased/content/ready/ willing/determined 等),feel free,risk ones life,set out,have no choice but,make up ones mind,in order,so as 等。 只用 to do 的固定句型有：Its+adj+(for/of sb.)+to do sth. ;It takes (sb.)+some time+to do sth.;be+adj+enough,too+adj/adv;主(从)+be said/reported.ect 和主(从)+seems/appear
23、s;Its time(for sb.)to do sth. 等。 注： 后跟不带 to 不定式情况有:would rather,had better,cant choose but,cant help but“忍不住”,cant but do“不得 不，只好”Why/Why not.?Will/Would you please.等。 eg:He refused to help me.(他拒绝帮助我.) She has agreed to come tomorrow.(他已同意明天来.) 不定式较长时，作宾语，也可用 it 代替，放在后面。 eg:I find it difficult to d
24、o the job well. “特殊疑问词不定式 to do 结构”具有名词特征，可作宾语。 eg:She didnt know whether to go or not. They havent decided when and where to build the school. 不定式可作介 but,except,besides“除之外”的宾语，介词前有实义动词 do 的任何一种形式，后边的不 定式就不带 to；否则必须带 to。 eg:I want to do nothing but play the computer games。 I have no choice but to w
25、ait。 3.不定式作表语 不定式作表语放在 be 和其他系动词后，说明主语的内容。同样，“特殊疑问词不定式”具有名词特征， 也可作表语。 eg:My job is to sweep the floor. His goal was to enter the key university of Beijing. The first question is how to find a better way to learn English well. He seems to be cheating me. 不定式作主语时，表语也必须为不定式，结构必须保持一致。eg:To see is to bel
26、ieve. 如果主语部分的谓语动词或非谓语动词是实义动词 do 的某种形式，那么作表语的不定式可以省去 to. eg:The first thing to do is find her. The only thing he could do was tell the truth. 4.不定式作同位语 不定式作同位语表示内容。eg:His dream to enter a key university came true. 5 不定式作定语 不定式作定语一般表示将来，常放在所修饰的名词或代词后。以下是不定式(短语)作后置定语的情况： 被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被修饰词被序数词、形容词最高级
27、修饰时，其后常用不定式作 定语； 不定代词为 something,nothing,little 等时，其后常用不定式作定语； 被修饰词前有 the only,the very,the next,the last,no,all,any 等修饰时，且与中心词为主动关系，其后常 用不定式作定语； There be 句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语； 表示将要发生的动作时(既有主动形式，又有被动形式)，其后常用不定式作定语 抽象名词 time,way,reason,chance,ability,courage,opportunity,wish 等后常用不定式作定语。 注：如果不定式是一个不及物动
28、词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等 6 时，不定式后面要有必要的介词。 作定语的不定式和被修饰词是动宾关系，但如果是由句子的主语或者句子中另一个名词或代词 发出时，则要用代词不定式 的主动形式表示被动意义。 eg:I have something important to tell you.(不定式与被修饰名词构成被动关系。) His wish to be an artist has never come true.( 不定式与被修饰名词构成同位关系。) He is the right man to do the job. ( 不定式与被修饰名词构成主动关系。) The
29、 little girl was unhappy because she had no friends to play with. ( 不定式与被修饰名词构 成主动关 系。)（注：若不定式为不及物动词，其后须加上相应的介词。) 当名词有表示性质的形容词修饰，后接 to do 不定式作定语时，不定式多用主动表示被动。 eg:The comfortable room to live in is Mine. 在过去时态中，当不定式所修饰的中心词含有 first,next,last 时，to do 作定语并不表示主动或将来，而是 表示完成或过去时的含义。 eg:He was the first to
30、come to school yesterday. 6.不定式作状语 不定式作状语主要是表示目的、条件、原因和结果，可位于句首或句末，但句首时通常用逗号隔开。 eg:We set off early that morning to catch the first bus.（目的） To get a good result,she worked very hard.（目的） I feel it an honor to be invited to the party.(条件) She was very happy to get the first prize.(原因) He worked hard
31、, only to fail.(结果) You were very silly to not have locked your door.(原因) 注：不定式常用在 so as 或 in order 后,与它们一起作状语，表示目的，但 so as 引起的不定式不可置于句 首。 eg:In order to avoid mistakes,check your homework. 不定式表结果时常和 only 连用，往往表示出乎意料的意想不到的不想要的结果。 eg:He hurried to the station ,only to find the train had left. “形容词eno
32、ugh不定式”和“too形容词或副词（不表情感）不定式” 也可作结果状语。 eg:He is old enough to go to school. He is too weak to raise the stone. 但“too表情感形容词（pleased,ready,glad,willing,anxious 等）to do”表示肯定意义，too 前面可用 only,but 等词修饰。 eg:They were (only) too anxious to leave.(他们只是太急于离开了。) She is(only)too pleased to go home.(她非常高兴可以回家了。)
33、7.不定式作补语 不定式作补语表示宾语所做的动作或者和宾语有表语关系，表示状态、特性、身份等。另外，不定式可作 使役动词、感官动词的补语，表示动作的完成或已经结束。宾语与作补语的不定式之间是主动关系。 后接动词不定式作宾补的常见的动词有：(结构为：动词+sb./sth.+to do sth.) want,wish,expect,prefer,like,hate,encourage,need,tell,ask,beg,request,require,get,advise,persuade,invite,order,remi nd,permit,allow,send,warn,force,forb
34、id 等。 后接动词不定式作宾补的常见的动词短语有：(结构为：动词短语+sb./sth.+to do sth.) call on,would like/love,arrange for,depend/rely on,wait for 等。 eg:She wanted me to arrive there early. Our headmaster call on us to work hard. 7 在“吾看三室两厅一感觉(即：五看(see/watch/look at/observe/notice)三使(let/make/have)两听(hear/listen to) 一感(feel)”中，主
35、动时后可接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，但在变为被动作主补时 to 要加上。(即：主不 to 被 to) eg:The headteacher made him clean the classroom.(主动) He was made to clean the classroom.(被动) 动词不定式可作形容词的补足语 动词不定式可作形容词的补足语，句型为： 不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成逻辑上动宾关系而与其逻辑主语构成主谓关系时，to do 不定式要用主动 表被动。 eg:I have a lot of work to do. 在句型“主语系动词表语（表性质的 adj 为 convenient/
36、easy/expensive/difficult/hard/impossible/pleasant 等）to do.或主语系动词表语(含有表性质的 adj 的名词)+to do.”中，to do 常用主动表被动，其中 do 为 vt,主语为 to do 的宾语。 eg:The worker is easy to get along well with. Suzhou is a good place to live in. 注：当名词有表示性质的形容词修饰，后接 to do 不定式作定语时，不定式多用主动表示被动。 eg:The comfortable room to live in is Mi
37、ne. 在句型“主语find/think/consider/believe/make 等真实宾语表性质 adjto do.”中， to do 常用主动表被 动，其中 do 为 vt,主语为 to do 的宾语。 eg:I found the room comfortable to live in. “特殊疑问词不定式 to do”具有名词特征，可作宾补。(谓语动词多为 show,know,teach,tell 等。) eg:Ill tell you how to get there 8.不定式作独立成分(评注性状语或插入语) 不定式可以作评注性状语或插入语,放在句子前面、中间或末尾。常见的有
38、to be frank,to be honest,to tell the truth,to begin with，to start with,to be short 等。 eg:To begin with,I think you are wrong. 注：不定式不表示主动或将来而表示其它含义的情况 “感觉动词宾语宾补（do sth/doing sth）”的区别 感觉动词宾语宾补（do sth）表示事实或全过程(注：在变为被动时，要带上不定式 to。即：be+感觉 动词(被动)+to do) 感觉动词宾语宾补（doing sth）表示片段或进行 eg:The missing boys were
39、last seen playing near the river. Did you see a pencil-box lie on the ground just now. 在过去时态中，当不定式所修饰的中心词含有 first,next,last 时，to do 作定语并不表示主动或将来，而是 表示完成或过去时的含义。 eg:He was the first to come to school yesterday. 练习： ( )1. -Should we take measures _ the population? -I think so. There are too many peopl
40、e in China at present. A. to control B. to stop C. to increase D. to help ( ) 2. Would you like to go out with me, Sam? -Id love to, but I have a lot of homework _ at present. A. do B. doing C. to do D. to be done ( ) 3. It took us five hours _the village yesterday. A. get to B. to reach C. arrived at D. arrived in 8 ( )4. I dont know how to _ the word “phenomenon”. Can you help me, John? -No problem. A. pronounce B. tell C. talk D. speak ( )5.I dont know _ next. Youd better finish your homework first. A.what to do B.how to do C.when to do D.why to do
