1、1 Unit 13 Were trying to save the earth! Section A 1.现在完成时的用法 （1）含义：表示过去的动作对现在构成结果或影响或者表示过去的状态一直持续到现在。 它强调与现在的联系。 （2）结构：have/has done （3）时间标志：already、yet、just、for+一段时间、since+过去时间点/一般过去时、ever、 never、 recently、 lately、 in recent years、 so far、 until now、 up to now、 before、 次数、 in/during/over the past/
2、last+一段时间、以及固定句型 This/That/It is+the+序数词+time+that 从句（现在完成 时）等。 eg:The concert has started.(=The concert is on now.) I have already seen the film.(=I know the film now.) He has turned off the light.(=The light is off now.) （4）短暂性动词与延续性动词及其互换 短暂性动词口诀： 来去到离看听说，买卖开关起跌落； 参加开发还与借，变成带给使（死） 完结。 短暂性动词与延续性动词
3、的互换 comebe here,gobe there,leavebe away,open(v)be open(adj),close(v)be closed(adj),fall asleepbe asleep,joinbe in,begin/startbe on,diebe dead,finish be over,buyhave,borrowkeep,becomebe,catch a coldhave a cold. （注：有时候，短暂性动词的否定形式可表延续与时间段连用。 ） eg:We havent seen her for a long time. 现在完成时的 5 种表达方式 eg:他住
4、在这儿十年了。 He lived here ten years ago. =He has lived here for ten years. =He has lived here since ten years ago. =Its (been)ten years since he lived here. =Ten years has passed since he lived here. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时强调与现在的联系，而一般过去时只强调过去的事实，与其它时间无关。 练习： ( )1.Excuse me,where is Mr.Browns office? Sorry
5、,Ive no idea.I _ here for only a few days. A.works B.worked C.have worked D.will work ( )2.Ben is a foreign teacher.So far,he _ in Sanya for five years. A.was teaching B.has taught C.will teach D.taught ( )3.In the past few years,great changes _ to her;she is not the one that she used to be. A.happe
6、ned B.have been changed C.have happened D.were happened 2.instead of prep.“代替；而不是” 后接名词、代词、动名词或名词从句作宾语，有时，其后也可跟介词短语作宾语。 eg:Well have tea in the garden instead of in the house. 注：instead adv.“代替；顶替”单独使用作状语。 eg:Last summer I went to Qingdao.This summer Im going to Dalian instead. 2 练习： ( )1.We cooked
7、dinner at home instead of _ . A.eat out B.eats out C.eating out D.to eat out ( )2.Its sunny.Lets go sighting _ watching TV in our hotel home. A.thanks to B.instead of C.as well as D.because of ( )3._ free education,the children in my hometown can go back to school. So can the children in my hometown
8、. A.Thanks to B.Instead of C.As for D.Towards 3.remember 的用法 remember to do sth 记起要做某事(未做) remember doing sth 记起做过某事(做过) eg:Remember to write us when you get there. I remember telling you about it twice. 练习： ( )1.Do you remember _ Mary the money you borrowed from her? Yes.Ill give it to her this aft
9、ernoon. A.giving B.to give C.given D.gave ( )2.Kate,remember _ for the sick to cheer them up. A.to sing B.not to sing C.singing D.sang ( )3.Remember _ your hosts suggestions and _ the rules. A.to follow;obey B.following;obeying C.to keep;to keep D.obey;follow 4.hear 的用法 搭配： hear sb.do sth.听到某人做某事 he
10、ar sb.doing sth.听到某人正在做某事 hear that 从句 听说 hear of 听说 hear from 收到某人的来信 练习： ( )1.Have you ever heard _ Mr Black,your new teacher? Yes,just a little.Hes very friendly. A.from B.of C.through D.out ( )2.Is Tom in the next room? Well,its hard to say.But I heard him _ loudly when I passed by just now. A.s
11、peak B.to speak C.spoken D.speaking ( )3.The story is so strange that we have never _ it before. A.heard from B.heard of C.heard D.listened to 5.be harmful to介.(=do harm to介.)对有害 eg:Smoking is harmful to health. 练习： ( )1.Drinking too much _ your health. A.do harm to B.is harm to C.is harmful to D.do
12、es harmful to 6.afford 的用法 搭配： 3 sth.负担得起的费用 afford to do sth.负担得起做某事的费用 练习： ( )1.They walked because they couldnt afford _ a taxi. A.taking B.to take C.take D.took ( )2.Why dont you take the bike,Henry? Its too expensive.I cant _ it. A.sell B.keep C.borrow D.afford ( )3.Some children cant afford _
13、necessary stationery(文具). Lets donate our pocket money to them. A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.be bought ( )4.The car is too expensive,so I cant _ it. A.offer B.supply C.afford D.use Section B 1.throw away“扔掉；丢弃”为固定短语。 eg:Its a waste to throw away good food. 练习： ( )1.What smells terrible? Sorry,Ill _ my
14、shoes and wash them. A.put away B.take away C.move away D.throw away ( )2.Recycling is good,so dont _ bottles or newspapers. A.find out B.hand in C.use up D.throw away 2.put 短语 put away 将收起 put off 推迟 put on 穿上；戴上；上演 put down 放下；记下 put out 熄灭 put back 放回 put up 张贴；搭建 put through 给接通(电话) 固定搭配： put.to
15、 good use 好好利用 练习： ( )1.Boy,your books are everywhere.Please _ . A.put them up B.put them on C.put them away D.put them down ( )2.Because of the bad weather,we have to _ the meeting till the next week. A.take off B.get off C.put off D.set off ( )3._ your sunglasses,Sally.The sun is too bright. A.Put
16、 down B.Put on C.Put off D.Put away ( )4.Where did you get these old doors? From the old houses which were _ by the workers. A.taken down B.pulled down C.turned down D.put down 4 ( )6.Im not going swimming tomorrow afternoon. Neither am I.I have to _ my bedroom. A.look after B.clean up C.put away D.
17、put out 3.be built out of.“由建成”其中，out of 表示由制作。 练习： ( )1.Do you know Amy Hayes? Of course,I know.She is the woman who build a house _ rubbish. A.by B.out of C.from D.into ( )2.The new tall building _ glass. A.build out of B.is built out of C.build of D.is build of 4.pull down“拆毁；摧毁” 练习： ( )1.In the
18、1960s,a lot of city walls _ in Beijing because people thought them useless. A.pull down B.have pulled down C.were pulled down D.had pulled down ( )2.There are only a few old city walls left. Yeah.Most of them were _ in the 1960s. A.pulled down B.taken down C.turned off D.put off ( )3.The house is to
19、o old and dangerous. Yes,we should _ soon. A.pull down B.put out C.pull it down D.put it out 5.区别：take,cost,spend,pay take vt.常用于固定句型“It takes (sb.)some time to do sth.”或 It takes work/energy etc. (for sb.)to do sth.或 Sth.takes (sb.)some time.或 Sth.takes some time /energy to do. spend vt.主语只能是人，常用结构
20、为： “主语(人)+spend+时间/钱+on sth./(in) doing sth.” 。 pay vt./vi.主语只能是人，常用结构为： “主语(人)+pay+人/钱/for+物.”(注：pay sth.指付出的 是钱，如：pay two dollars/the bill/the debt/the tax/the rent 等；而 pay for sth.指付钱买某物。另 pay sb.money=pay money for sb.) cost vt.主语只能是事物，常用结构为： “主语(事物)+cost(+sb.)+金钱/时间” 。 练习： ( )1.If you dont like
21、 it,you dont have to _ . A.pay B.pay for the money C.pay for D.pay it ( )2.How much time did you spend _ the text? A.copying B.to copy C.in copy D.on copying ( )3.Our math teacher stays in the office for a long time every day. Yes,it _ him a long time to check our homework. A.costs B.spends C.takes
22、D.pays ( )4.Your shoes are so cold.Why dont you buy a new pair? Because I _ all my money on an MP5. A.spend B.have spent C.am spending D.was spending ( )5.Do you know the price of the ticket? Yes.Each _ ￥180. A.pays B.costs C.takes D.spends 6.区别：open,close,turn on,turn off open,close 表示门、窗户或盒子等的“开”和
23、“关” 。 5 turn on,turn off 表示电脑、电灯等电器的“开”和“关” 。 注：对于水管或煤气的“开”和“关”要用 turn on 或 turn off。 练习： ( )1.Please _ the TV.Im going to watch the world news on TV. A.open B.close C.turn on D.turn off ( )2.Please _the water when you brush your teeth. A.take down B.turn up C.take away D.turn off ( )3.I dont like the program on TV so I _ TV. A.turn on B.turn off C.turn down D.turn up ( )4.The company wants to _ a school for the poor children. A.turn off B.turn off C.set up D.set down ( )5.Please _ the light to save the electricity. A.turn on B.turn off C.turn up D.turn down
