1、Unit 2 Natural disasters 教学知识细解码教学知识细解码 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 1_ vt.伤害，使受伤；损害injury n损害；伤害injured adj.受伤的；受损害的 2react vi.反应；作出反应 _ n反应，回应；抗拒； 化学反应 3order n命令；顺序；规则 _ adj.有秩序的；有条理 的，整齐的 injure reaction orderly 4_ vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准confirmation n确认， 证明 5_ vi.发生，出现；存在于occurrence n发生；出现 6_ n宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济reliev
2、e v减轻； 解除；使放心 7_ vt.通知；了解，熟悉information n信息；知识；情 报informed adj.见多识广的；消息灵通的 confirm occur relief inform 1signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n信号，暗号；标志；信 号灯 This announcement signalled a clear change of policy. _ Chest pains can be a warning signal of heart problems._ She signalled (that)it was time to leave. _
3、vt.预示；表明 n.信号 vi.示意 2exit vi.&vt.出去，离去，退场；退出 n出口，通道；离开 There is a fire exit on each floor of the building. _ He made a quick exit to avoid meeting her. _ As the actors exited the stage the lights went on._ n.出口；通道 vi.离去，退场 vt.退场，离去 3flood n洪水，水灾；大量 vi.& vt.淹没，泛滥；大量涌入； 流满 The heavy rain has caused fl
4、oods in many parts of the country. _ Large numbers of immigrants flooded into the area. _ If the pipe bursts it could flood the whole house. _ Theres been a flood of low- fat and light ice creams on the market. _ n.洪水，水灾 vi.涌入 vt.淹没 n.大量 Words and Phrases 知识要点1 injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害 (教材 P16) Only 5 st
5、udents suffered slight injuries，despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large. 尽管目前整个灾区总体的伤亡数字是 7 人死亡，200 多人受伤， 但(在这所学校)只有 5 名学生受了轻伤。 例 1 Two- thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 他们当中三分之二的人在地震中或死或伤。 例 2 He injured his knee playing h
6、ockey. 他打曲棍球时膝盖受伤。 造句 撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。 _ Three people were killed and five injured in the crash. 归纳拓展 (1)injured adj. 受伤的 the injured 受伤的人；伤员 (2)injury n. (对躯体的)伤害，损伤；(对感情的)伤害，挫伤 do an injury to sb.do sb.an injury 伤害某人 即学即练 单句语法填空 I heard that her son _(injure)in the accident. Dont do that.Youll do
7、yourself an _(injure). Tom is playing in place of the _ (injure)John. was injured injury injured 易混辨析 injure，wound，hurt，harm injure 指人在意外事故中受到的伤害，可用于无生命物体的损坏， 更多用于对人的某个部位的损伤。 wound 指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害，是出血的、严重的伤，特 指战场上的受伤。 hurt 指一般的肉体伤害，尤指精神上或感情上的伤害。此外 hurt 也可用作不及物动词，意为“受伤”。 harm 特指伤及一个人或其心情、健康、权利、事业等，并使之
8、产 生痛苦、损害或某种不幸遭遇。 选词填空 injure，wound，hurt，harm You really _ me when you said I was selfish. In the traffic accident ten were killed and eight were _ . Dont _ your eyes by reading in poor light. Luckily no one got _ in the battle. hurt injured harm wounded 知识要点2 reaction n反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 (教材 P16) Her stu
9、dents reaction was quick and correctthey moved under their desks，head first，and held on to the legs of the desks. 她的学生们反应迅速、正确他们头朝里，爬到课桌下面，并 紧紧抓住桌腿。 例 1 There has been a mixed reaction to her appointment as director. 对她任命为主管一事，人们的反应褒贬不一。 例 2 I tried shaking him but there was no reaction. 我试着摇了摇他，但他一
10、动不动。 造句 他对这消息有何反应？ _ What was his reaction to the news? 归纳拓展 react to sth. 对作出反应 react by doing sth. 以方式作出反应 react against 反对，反抗 react with 与起化学反应 即学即练 单句语法填空 He was a little afraid of his fathers _(react). Iron reacts _ water and air to produce rust. The boy often reacts _ his parents. reaction wit
11、h against 知识要点3 signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n.信号，暗号；信 号灯；标志 (教材 P16) She signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line covering their heads with their hands. 她示意学生们抱着头，排好队，有序离开教室。 例 1 She signalled to Ted that she was moving forward. 她向特德示意她要向前走。 例 2 Kurdish leaders saw the visit a
12、s an important signal of support. 库尔德领导人把这次访问看作是表示支持的重要信号。 造句 他示意该走了。 _ He signalled that it was time to leave. 归纳拓展 a danger/warning signal 危险/警告信号 traffic signals 交通信号灯 signal (to)sb.to do sth. 示意某人做某事 signal to sb. 向某人示意 signal (sb.)that. 示意(某人) 即学即练 单句语法填空 The guard seems to be signalling _ us w
13、ith his arm. The policeman signalled us _(cross)the road. Tom turned left at the traffic _(signal). The gentleman signalled _ me with a smile. to to cross signals to 易混辨析 signal，sign，symbol，mark signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。 sign 表示“告示，标记”时，侧重指用图形、文字等所表达的内 容，另外还可指“征兆，迹象”。 symbol 指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。 mark 普通用
14、词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记， 又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征，还可以指 污点、污渍、分数、成绩等。 选词填空 signal，sign，symbol，mark He ignored the traffic _ and caused the accident. Sir，you are not allowed to walk your pet on the lawn.Dont you see the _ “Keep off the grass”？ The dove is the _ of peace. Every coat in the shop has a price
15、 _ sewn on it. signals sign symbol mark 知识要点4 confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 (教材 P16) After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound， they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊， 互相拥抱着。 例 1 Has everyone confirmed (that)theyre coming? 他们是不是每个人都确认一定会来？ 例 2 The w
16、alk in the mountains confirmed his fear of heights. 在山里步行使他更加确信自己有恐高症。 造句 你能证实一下发生了什么事吗？ _ Can you confirm what happened? 归纳拓展 confirm sb.in. 使某人在方面更加坚定 confirm sb.in the belief that. 使某人坚信 It is/has been confirmed that. 已经确定 即学即练 单句语法填空 It has _(confirm)that he wasnt the person who stole your bike.
17、 Mr.Roberts， may I have your telephone number _(confirm) the appointment tomorrow evening? This latest information _(confirm)me in the belief that he is to blame. The latest evidence confirmed me _ his honesty. been confirmed to confirm confirms in 知识要点5 occur vi.发生，出现；存在于 (教材 P17) It immediately oc
18、curred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami. 她立刻意识到这是海啸来临的征兆。 例 1 When exactly did the incident occur? 这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的？ 例 2 If headaches only occur at night，lack of fresh air and oxygen is often the cause. 如果头痛只发生在晚上，缺少新鲜空气和氧气常常是其原因。 造句 我没想到要核对我的保险单。 _ It did not occur to me to chec
19、k my insurance policy. 归纳拓展 (1)occur to sb. 某人突然想到；想起 It occurs to sb.that./to do. 某人突然想到 (2)表示“某人突然想到”还常用下列句型： It strikes sb.that. It hits sb.that. 名师点津 occur 没有被动语态，不用于进行时。 occur 作谓语时，主语不能是人。 即学即练 单句语法填空 An excellent idea _(occur)to me when I woke up this morning. It didnt occur to her _(ask)for h
20、elp. It didnt occur _ him that she would refuse his invitation. This kind of disease _(occur)mainly in the countryside in the past. occurred to ask to occurred 小片段助记 It didn t occur to him that his wife was having an affair.Suddenly， a question occurred to him， “When did it occur? And why？”It occurr
21、ed to him to break up with her. 知识要点6 relief n宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济 (教材 P17) To her great relief，the officer immediately realized the coming danger. 令她大为宽慰的是，这名官员立即意识到了即将到来的危险。 例 1 We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left. 他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。 例 2 Much to my relief the car was not damaged. 令我非常庆幸的是车并
22、没有被损坏。 造句 能和别人谈谈这件事，感到舒心多了。 _ It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it. 归纳拓展 (1)to ones (great)relief 使某人(大为)欣慰的是 What a relief! 可轻松了！ It is a relief to do sth. 做某事是令人欣慰的。 (2)relieve v. (疼痛、问题)减轻，缓解 relieve sb.of . 解除某人的负担 即学即练 单句语法填空 It is a great relief _(have)rain after a long time
23、of drought. The doctors treatment gave no _(relieve)to the patient. _ Macs relief，the animal fell back，shaking its head. You may ask your daughter to relieve you _ some housework. to have relief To of 小片段助记 What a relief! The new secretary relieved us of some of the paperwork，so I breathed a sigh of
24、 relief.Much to my relief，I was relieved of work stress. 知识要点7 inform vt.通知；了解，熟悉 (教材 P19) Remember to inform yourself of what is going on. 记住要了解事态的进展。 例 1 I have been reliably informed that the couple will marry next year. 我得到可靠消息说他们俩明年结婚。 例 2 We need time to inform ourselves thoroughly of the prob
25、lem. 我们需要时间对这个问题有个透彻的了解。 造句 他们将把自己所取得的任何进展都告诉他。 _ They would inform him of any progress they had made. 归纳拓展 (1)inform sb.of/about sth. 告知某人某事 inform sb.that. 通知某人 keep sb.informed of 随时告知某人 (2)information n. U信息 即学即练 单句语法填空 Thank you for keeping me _(inform)of everything thats happening. The man oft
26、en surfs the Internet to search for some _ (inform). Having _(inform)many times，he still forgot the meeting. Did anyone inform you _ the change of the plan? informed information been informed about/of Sentence Patterns 重点句式1 when 用作并列连词 (教材 P16) Alice Brown，head teacher at Falmont Primary School，was
27、 teaching when the floor began to shake. 弗尔蒙特小学的校长爱丽丝 布朗正在上课， 突然地板开始摇晃起 来。 句式分析 句中用了“be doing.when.”这一固定句式，意为“正在做某事， 这时”。句中的 when 是并列连词，意为“就在那时”。相当于 and then 或 and at the same time。 例 1 Newton was thinking about the question when an apple fell to the ground. 牛顿正在思考着这个问题，这时(突然)一个苹果落到地上。 例 2 He was sl
28、eeping when someone knocked at the door. 他正在睡觉，突然有人敲门。 造句 我正想着这件事，突然听到有人叫我的名字。 _ I was thinking of this when I heard my name called. 归纳拓展 when 作并列连词时常用于以下句型中： (1)be doing.when. 正在做这时 (2)be about to do.when.be on the point of doing.when./be going to do.when. 正要做这时 (3)had hardly done.when. 刚做了这时 翻译 _(
29、我正仰卧着)reading when I saw a snake. _(我们刚睡了几个 小时)when we heard a brisk knock on the bedroom door. I was lying on my back We had been asleep for only a few hours 即学即练 单句语法填空 He was on the point of leaving _ someone knocked at the gate. I _(wander)through the streets when I caught sight of a tailors sho
30、p. We were about _(start)when it began to rain. when was wandering to start 重点句式2 the moment 引导时间状语从句 (教材 P16) The moment the shaking stopped， Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 震动一停止，布朗小姐就感觉到这是全班同学逃跑的最佳时机。 句式分析 本句中用了 the moment 引导的时间状语从句，意为“一 就”。 例 1 The mome
31、nt I went in，Kate let out a cry of surprise. 我一进去，凯特就惊讶地叫了一声。 例 2 Dont get excited the moment you hear a criticism. 不要一听到批评就沉不住气。 造句 我一遇到他，他就企图向我借钱。 _ The moment I met him，he tried to borrow money from me. 归纳拓展 表示“一就”的结构有： on/uponn./doing sth. immediately/directly/once从句 the minute/the moment/the in
32、stant从句 hardly.when.；no sooner.than. 名师点津 当 hardly 和 no sooner 放在句首的时候，主句通常用部分倒装形 式。主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。 翻译 On/Upon _(一到达)，we were shown around the company. _(我们刚一开始爬山)when the snow began to come down. our arrival Hardly had we begun the climb 即学即练 单句语法填空 I had no sooner reached home _ it began to r
33、ain. Upon _(return)from Beijing， he began his research work. I fell in love with this city _(direct)I saw it. _(immediate)shed gone，I remembered her name. than returning directly Immediately 1(教材 P16) After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging e
34、ach other. 分析 此句为主从复合句。 after 引导时间状语从句， 其中， that all were safe and sound 为宾语从句；主句为“ they relaxed ”，现在分词 短语 “laughing，crying and hugging each other”作伴随状语。 译文 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊， 哭啊，互相拥抱着。 2(教材 P17) Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life. 分析 此句为
35、简单句。to survive the disaster without any loss of life 为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词短语 the only local beach。 译文 在这场灾难中， 金海岸是当地唯一没有人员伤亡的海滩。 3(教材 P17) However，Sabrina was certain that a terrible disaster was on its way and kept asking her parents to talk to a safety officer. 分析 此句为主从复合句。其中 that 引导宾语从句。 译文 然而，萨布丽娜确信可
36、怕的灾难即将来临，坚持要父母 去找安全官员谈谈。 教材 高考 1.Her students reaction was quick and correctthey moved under their desks， head first，and held on to the legs of the desks. (2020 浙江卷)In the past，there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads，says Mark Poch，the Bellevue Transportation
37、 Departments traffic engineering manager. 2.After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed， laughing，crying and hugging each other. (2020 江苏卷)The daily number of newly cured and discharged( 出 院 )patients exceeded that of the newly confirmed cases. 3.Remember to inform yourself
38、 of what is going on. (2020天 津 卷 )Once the book youve requested is delivered to the nearest branch，they will inform you by e- mail， so you can pick it up. .单句语法填空 1A number of bombs have exploded，seriously _(injure)at least five people. 2She reacted _ turning her back on him. 3He signalled to us _(j
39、oin)him. 4 It has been confirmed _ the singer will give a performance next week. injuring by to join that 5It _(occur)to me that I could buy my mother a new coat on her birthday. 6Mr.Johnson insisted that the problem _(discuss) at the meeting. 7We are kept _(inform)of what is happening in the world
40、by reading newspapers and watching TV. 8I cant go out with all these dishes _(wash). 9_ moment he returned from Europe，he set out to work. 10_ my great relief，they arrived home on time. occurred (should)be discussed informed to wash The To .短语填空 at large； at the same time； hold on to； in case； safe
41、and sound； a series of；occur to；keep ones head；to ones great relief；keep.informed of 1_，I passed the final exam. 2Please _ me _ any developments. 3Try to _ and just tell me what happened. 4At last he accepted the opinion of the public _ To my great relief keep informed of keep your head at large 5Ha
42、ppily，all have returned _ 6I told him how we had fought to _ the company. 7Its impossible to get everybody together _ 8_ you should need any help，heres my number. 9 In a flash， it _ him that he had left his umbrella in the meeting room. 10Recently Tom has published _articles on the nature of modern
43、society. safe and sound hold on to at the same time In case occurred to a series of .课文语法填空 An earthquake hit Falmont Primary School at 2：27 pm.on 17 March.Only 5 students suffered slight injuries.Alice Brown was teaching 1._ the floor began to shake.Her students moved under their desks， head first，
44、and 2._ (hold)on to the legs of the desks.At the same time， Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door，in case it became 3._(damage)during the shaking.4._ moment the shaking stopped，she signalled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly when held damaged The line covering their heads 5.
45、_ their hands.They reacted 6._(correct)because they practise earthquake safety procedures twice a year.The kids were calm enough to protect 7._ (they)during the earthquake. with correctly themselves On 20 December，a tsunami was approaching Goldshore Beach， which was the only local beach 8._(survive)
46、the disaster without any loss of life.That is because Sabrina Andron，a 10yearold girl，helped around 100 people escape danger with her knowledge of tsunamis 9._(learn)in a Geography lesson.That day she was one of the happy tourists until she noticed something odd.It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of a 10._(come)tsunami.She warned her parents of the danger and kept asking he
