1、新牛津高中英语语法讲练十三新牛津高中英语语法讲练十三 动词不定式作主语和表语 动词不定式就是英语中动词的“to do”形式，是所谓的动词非谓语形式之一。“to do”形式 的不定式是由动词演变而来， 本身具有动词的特征， 可以有自己的逻辑主语和宾语， 因而“to do”形式的不定式常以短语的形式出现。“to do”形式的不定式不可以作谓语，可以作主语和 表语等。 如： To learn English is important. My wish is to be a teacher. It is necessary for them to finish the work in three da
2、ys. What we should do at present is inform him of the change of the plan. 以上四句中的不定式短语“To learn English, to be a teacher, for them to finish the work in three days, inform him of the change of the plan”分别为主语、表语、主语、表语。 “to do”形式的不定式作主语和表语要注意以下几点： 一“to do”形式的不定式作主语常用“It is/was . to do./It is/was . for
3、sb to do.”的句型。 如： It is not easy to cook Chinese food.= To cook Chinese food is not easy.= Chinese food is not easy to cook. 上句中第三种表示法是使用了和形容词搭配的特殊不定式短语， 这样的不定式短语中的 不定式不使用被动形式，要特别注意。再如： English is difficult to learn. Now dreams of being rich are harder and harder to realize. The person is easy to de
4、al with. It is important for them to read English every morning.= For them to read English every morning is important. 注意把上句和下句对比： It is unwise of you to believe such a person. 在“It is/was . for sb to do.”的句型中，is/was 后的形容词通常是表示“必要、重要、必 须”等含义的形容词；而在“It is/was . of sb to do.”的句型中，is/was 后的形容词通常是表 示“聪明
5、、愚蠢、热情、善良、友好”等含义的形容词。如： It is very kind of you to invite me to dine with you. It is vital for him to finish the task in time. It is bright of her to answer the question raised by Mr. Lee. It is necessary for him to pay off all his debts. “to do”形式的不定式作主语和动名词作主语有一定的区别： “to do”形式的不定式作主语 常表示动作；而动名词作主语更
6、多的表示事实、经验和教训等，更多地使用在“its useful/no use/no good/a waste of time doing.”的句型中。当然，有时很难作区分时，两者可互通。 It is fun to have a swim on hot summer days. It is useless doing such a thing. To see is to believe.= Seeing is believing. 二不定式前的“for sb”短语表示的是不定式的逻辑主语。如： The box is too heavy for me to carry. It would make
7、 me happy for her to win the final. It is necessary for her to apply for the job. It is difficult for you to pass the exam. 三不定式作表语时，前面有行为动词 do 的任何形式时，不定式不带“to” 。 What he wanted to do is cheer her up. His aim is to pass the driving test. 四不定式作主语和表语时，有时根据句境要使用被动形式。如： It is a great honor to be invited
8、 to talk here. The meeting is to be held next month. 巩固练习：用所给动词的正确形式填空 Its convenient 1._(have) meals in the dining rooms in front of our school. Yet the food there is not delicious 2._(eat). It seems to be a good idea to eat in a restaurant. But I just dont have time to eat out. Im always the last
9、one 3._(leave) the classroom. Besides, Im not willing to walk to the restaurant. Last year I stopped 4_(eat) in the dining room. The food is terrible. The dining room looked very dirty. I wanted something nice (5)_(eat). I needed a clean room. Finally, I made a decision (6)_(not go) there again. Yes
10、terday I went back for the first time. I was surprised (7)_(see) new changes there. There were some fast foods in the dining room! Fast foods are fun (8)_(eat). And the room is clean and tidy! Once again it s a pleasant room for me (9)_(stay) in. Ill be (10)_(eat) lunch there from now on. 1.to have
11、2.to eat 3.to leave 4.eating 5.to eat 6.not to go 7.to see 8.to eat 9.to stay 10.eating 新牛津高中英语语法讲练十三新牛津高中英语语法讲练十三(ss) 动词不定式作主语和表语 动词不定式就是英语中动词的“to do”形式，是所谓的动词非谓语形式之一。“to do”形式 的不定式是由动词演变而来， 本身具有动词的特征， 可以有自己的逻辑主语和宾语， 因而“to do”形式的不定式常以短语的形式出现。“to do”形式的不定式不可以作谓语，可以作主语和 表语等。 如： To learn English is im
12、portant. My wish is to be a teacher. It is necessary for them to finish the work in three days. What we should do at present is inform him of the change of the plan. 以上四句中的不定式短语“To learn English, to be a teacher, for them to finish the work in three days, inform him of the change of the plan”分别为主语、表
13、语、主语、表语。 “to do”形式的不定式作主语和表语要注意以下几点： 五“to do”形式的不定式作主语常用“It is/was . to do./It is/was . for sb to do.”的句型。 如： It is not easy to cook Chinese food.= To cook Chinese food is not easy.= Chinese food is not easy to cook. 上句中第三种表示法是使用了和形容词搭配的特殊不定式短语， 这样的不定式短语中的 不定式不使用被动形式，要特别注意。再如： English is difficult t
14、o learn. Now dreams of being rich are harder and harder to realize. The person is easy to deal with. It is important for them to read English every morning.= For them to read English every morning is important. 注意把上句和下句对比： It is unwise of you to believe such a person. 在“It is/was . for sb to do.”的句型
15、中，is/was 后的形容词通常是表示“必要、重要、必 须”等含义的形容词；而在“It is/was . of sb to do.”的句型中，is/was 后的形容词通常是表 示“聪明、愚蠢、热情、善良、友好”等含义的形容词。如： It is very kind of you to invite me to dine with you. It is vital for him to finish the task in time. It is bright of her to answer the question raised by Mr. Lee. It is necessary for
16、him to pay off all his debts. “to do”形式的不定式作主语和动名词作主语有一定的区别： “to do”形式的不定式作主语 常表示动作；而动名词作主语更多的表示事实、经验和教训等，更多地使用在“its useful/no use/no good/a waste of time doing.”的句型中。当然，有时很难作区分时，两者可互通。 It is fun to have a swim on hot summer days. It is useless doing such a thing. To see is to believe.= Seeing is be
17、lieving. 六不定式前的“for sb”短语表示的是不定式的逻辑主语。如： The box is too heavy for me to carry. It would make me happy for her to win the final. It is necessary for her to apply for the job. It is difficult for you to pass the exam. 七不定式作表语时，前面有行为动词 do 的任何形式时，不定式不带“to” 。 What he wanted to do is cheer her up. His aim
18、 is to pass the driving test. 八不定式作主语和表语时，有时根据句境要使用被动形式。如： It is a great honor to be invited to talk here. The meeting is to be held next month. 巩固练习：用所给动词的正确形式填空 Its convenient 1._(have) meals in the dining rooms in front of our school. Yet the food there is not delicious 2._(eat). It seems to be a
19、 good idea to eat in a restaurant. But I just dont have time to eat out. Im always the last one 3._(leave) the classroom. Besides, Im not willing to walk to the restaurant. Last year I stopped 4_(eat) in the dining room. The food is terrible. The dining room looked very dirty. I wanted something nic
20、e (5)_(eat). I needed a clean room. Finally, I made a decision (6)_(not go) there again. Yesterday I went back for the first time. I was surprised (7)_(see) new changes there. There were some fast foods in the dining room! Fast foods are fun (8)_(eat). And the room is clean and tidy! Once again it s a pleasant room for me (9)_(stay) in. Ill be (10)_(eat) lunch there from now on.
