1、Unit 4 To identify and categorize the usage of modal verbs To summarize general rules of modal verbs To distinguish and use the right modal verbs to finish tasks of offering suggestions and making rules Read the website article on page 48 and complete the mind map below. To solve the problem of “Wha
2、t shall I read?” Get ideas from different sources. (1) (2) (3) (4) Look through the collections in the library. Develop your own taste Ask friends, parents and teachers to recommend books. Read book reviews in newspapers, in magazines or online. Look for books on topics that interest you. Read the w
3、ebsite article about how to choose books. Find the sentences that use modal verbs and fill in the table below. The first one has been done for you. Suggestion What shall I read? Ability you can get ideas from different sources You could also read book reviews in newspapers, in magazines or online. T
4、eachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily. A book review can often tell you whether a book is worth reading or not. Necessity Possibility what books you ought to read. However, you must also decide for yourself
5、 what kind of books to read. You do not have to read a book just because everyone recommends it. You might have asked yourself this questions more than once. These ideas should point you in the right direction. you may find yourself better able to seek out books to your taste Working out the rules M
6、odal verbs can express ability or necessity. They can also make suggestions or describe the probability of an event. The same modal verb can have different functions. Modal verbs can be followed by _. You can choose more than one answer for the blank. a do (the base form) b doing (the verb-ing form)
7、 c did (the past form) d be done (the passive voice) e be doing (the continuous form) f have done (the perfect form) a d e f Read the following dialogue and complete the table below it. A: May I ask you a question? B: Yes, please. A: I find it hard to decide what to read. Would you give me some advi
8、ce? B: Of course, I will. You can ask your teacher, classmates or friends for recommendations, go to bookshops, or read book reviews. A: Great! Thank you so much! Suggestion (1) Request Would you give me some advice? Permission (2) Willingness (3) You can ask your teacher May I ask you a question? O
9、f course, I will. 情态动词情态动词 1. 情态情态动词本身动词本身有一定的词义，通常与动词原有一定的词义，通常与动词原 形一起构成谓语，表示说形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的看法或主观话人的看法或主观 设想。设想。常见的情态动词有：常见的情态动词有：can、could、may、 might、must、ought to、shall、should、will 和和 would。另外，另外，dare、need、have to 和和 used to 也具有情态动词的某些特性。也具有情态动词的某些特性。 2 can 与与 could 表示表示能力（能力（ability），意思相当于），意思相
10、当于 be able to。 如：如：Jack can swim. My father could stand on his hands when he was young. 注意注意：在一般过去时中，：在一般过去时中，was / were able to 通通 常表示能做并且已经做了的事，常表示能做并且已经做了的事，could 仅表示仅表示 能力能力。 如：如：I was able to swim to the bank when the ship sank. I could lift the heavy box. 3 must 与与 need 表示表示必要性（必要性（necessity）。
11、）。must 意为“必意为“必 须”，否定式须”，否定式 mustnt 意为“不许”；意为“不许”；need 意为“需要”，否定式意为“需要”，否定式 neednt 意为“不必”。意为“不必”。 如：如： I must go now. You mustnt forget your ticket. Need we go right now? You neednt do it if you dont want to. 注意：注意：have to 也有“必须”的含义，但侧重也有“必须”的含义，但侧重 客观需求，有时态的变化，否定式是客观需求，有时态的变化，否定式是 dont / doesnt hav
12、e to，意为“不必”，意思相当于，意为“不必”，意思相当于 neednt。如：如： We will have to think of a new plan. You dont have to run. 4 can、could、may 与与 might 表示许可（表示许可（permission）。表示许可时，）。表示许可时， may 多用于正式场合，多用于正式场合，could 和和 might 的语的语 气更委婉些气更委婉些。如：。如： You can use my pen if you like. Students may not bring their pets to school. Co
13、uld / Might I borrow your bike? 5 can、could、may 、might 与与must 表示表示可能性（可能性（possibility）。）。may、might和和 could常用于肯定句，意为“可能”，常用于肯定句，意为“可能”，must用用 于肯定句，意为“一定”；否定式于肯定句，意为“一定”；否定式may/might not意为“可能不”，意为“可能不”，cant/couldnt意为“不意为“不 可能，肯定不”。可能，肯定不”。如：如： That may/might/could be a good idea. You must be tired aft
14、er the long journey. There may not be enough money to pay for a new car. Your story cant/couldnt be true. 注意注意：can表示可能性时，含有“有时会”的表示可能性时，含有“有时会”的 意思。意思。如：如： The temperature here can be as high as 37. 6 should 与与 ought to 表示表示义务（义务（obligation）或建议（）或建议（suggestion），）， 意为“应该”。意为“应该”。如：如： They should / ou
15、ght to build more libraries. 注意注意：should 与与 ought to 也可以表示主观判也可以表示主观判 断，意思是“可能会，应该会”，相当于断，意思是“可能会，应该会”，相当于 will probably。如：如： The rain should / ought to stop soon. 7 will 与与 would 1) 表示习惯性动作（表示习惯性动作（habit），），will 表示现在表示现在 的习惯，的习惯，would 表示过去的习惯。表示过去的习惯。如：如： Mary will listen to music for hours in her
16、room. I would take a walk after supper when I was young. 2) 表示意愿（表示意愿（willingness）。）。如：如： The baby wont go to sleep. 3) 表示请求（表示请求（request），），would 比比 will 更委更委 婉些。婉些。如：如： Would you give me some advice? 注意注意：used to也表示过去的习惯性动作，多用也表示过去的习惯性动作，多用 于非正式场合，往往指后来停止了的动作。否于非正式场合，往往指后来停止了的动作。否 定形式是定形式是 didnt u
17、se to 或或 used not to。如：如： I used to have a bicycle, but I sold it. John didnt use to come here. Did Mike use to read newspapers? 8 shall 1) 在疑问句中，表示建议或征求意见。在疑问句中，表示建议或征求意见。如：如： Shall I help you with the box? 2) 表示承诺或要求。表示承诺或要求。如：如： You shall have the magazine. He shall do as I tell him. 3) 用于正式文件、法律
18、、规章制度等，表示规用于正式文件、法律、规章制度等，表示规 定。定。如：如： Students shall not use calculators during exams. 9 dare 与与 need dare 和和 need 作为情态动词，常用于疑问句和作为情态动词，常用于疑问句和 否定句中。这两个词也可以用作实义动词。否定句中。这两个词也可以用作实义动词。如：如： I dare not go there alone. I didnt dare to say a word. Nobody dared to ask any questions. Need we finish the wor
19、k today? You neednt worry about it. You dont need to come yourself. 10 情态情态动词的进行式、完成式和被动式动词的进行式、完成式和被动式 1) 情态动词可以与主动词的进行式合用，表情态动词可以与主动词的进行式合用，表 示某动作正在进行。示某动作正在进行。如：如： Jack may be reading in the library. 2) 情态动词可以与主动词的完成式合用，表情态动词可以与主动词的完成式合用，表 示过去发生的动作。示过去发生的动作。如：如： Tom must have arrived home by now.
20、 You cant have seen Henry yesterday because he was in London. 3) 情态动词可以与主动词的被动式合用。情态动词可以与主动词的被动式合用。如：如： The road may be blocked. 1. Jim says we _ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy. (2020年天津卷年天津卷 单项填空单项填空) A. must B. can C. need D. should B 2. The professor warned the students t
21、hat on no account _ use mobile phones in his class. (2019年天津卷单项填空年天津卷单项填空) A. should they B. they should C. dare they D. they dare A 3. I cant find my purse. I _ it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure. (2018年天津卷单项填空年天津卷单项填空) A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have le
22、ft D 4. In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company. (2018年北京卷单项填空年北京卷单项填空) A. need B. should C. can D. must C B1 For the following groups of three sentences, tick the sentence which uses the modal verb differently from the other two. 1 a Can I keep the book fo
23、r more than two weeks? b Nick can read more in an afternoon than I can in a week! c Can Mary finish War and Peace in a month? a Can in sentence a is used to ask for permission, while can in sentence b and sentence c is used to express ability. 2 a I am afraid I may be unable to finish this novel tod
24、ay. b It may be difficult for people to agree on what good literature is. c You may go to the library tomorrow afternoon, if you have time. c May in sentence c is used to express permission, while may in sentence a and sentence b is used to express probability. 3 a I must finish writing the book rev
25、iew and hand it in before Wednesday. b You must be tired after three hours reading. c Students must develop the habit of reading classic literature. b Must in sentence b is used to express probability, while may in sentence a and sentence c is used to express necessity. 4 a Henry should be reading b
26、ooks in the library. b I have fifty dollarsthat should be enough for three books. c Reading English novels has greatly increased my vocabularyyou should try it too. c Must in sentence c is used to express necessity, while may in sentence a and sentence b is used to express probability. B2 Below is a
27、n entry in a students reading journal. Complete the entry with the correct modal verbs in the brackets. When my English teacher suggested that I read Charles Dickenss A Christmas Carol, I thought, “I (1) _ (cant / shouldnt) read this! It (2) _ (has to / must) be very boring!” Surprisingly, it turned
28、 out the exact opposite. I (3) _ (could / might) not stop turning the pages! cant must could The books main character is Scrooge, a rich but mean old man. He hates all kinds of celebrations. On Christmas Eve, he is transported to different points in his life by three spirits. In the end, he reflects
29、 on these moments and realizes his mistakes. Then he decides that he (4) _ (might / must) change himself. On Christmas morning, he sends a large turkey to a poor man for Christmas dinner. He also tries to make his family and friends happy by spending time with them. must adj. 吝啬的，小气的；吝啬的，小气的； 不善良的，刻
30、薄的不善良的，刻薄的 n. 火鸡；火鸡肉火鸡；火鸡肉 There is something that (5) _ (can / must) be learnt from A Christmas Carol: we (6) _ (should / may) treat others with kindness, generosity and love. I think everyone (7) _ (would / ought to) read this book. can should ought to n. 慷慨，大方，慷慨，大方， 宽宏大量宽宏大量 1. What did the stud
31、ent think about Dickens book first? The student didnt think he/she would read the book because he/ she believed that it was very boring. 2. Then what happened once he/she began reading it? It turned out to be the exact opposite to what he/she thought and he/she could not stop reading the book. B3 In
32、 pairs, make rules for your school library using modal verbs. Use the following examples to help you. You must not bring food or drinks. You cannot take the books out of the reading room. Examples You must study quietly in the reading room. You must not eat or drink in the library. You can use the c
33、omputers to find books in our library. You can borrow two books at a time and keep them for as long as two weeks. 1. parents and teachers to recommend what books you ought to read. ought to modal v. used when you have strong reasons for believing or expecting something 应该，应当应该，应当 ought to表示义务、要求或劝告。
34、表示义务、要求或劝告。 eg You were out enjoying yourself when you ought to have been studying. We ought to get her a present for her birthday. You ought to go to class right away. ought to还可表示推测，暗含很大的可能性。还可表示推测，暗含很大的可能性。 eg The boy left two hours ago, so he ought to be there by now. ought to的否定结构是的否定结构是oughtnt
35、 to或或ought not to。 eg You oughtnt / ought not to leave in such a hurry. 含含ought to的陈述句变为一般疑问句时，应将的陈述句变为一般疑问句时，应将 ought放在句首。简略回答时，放在句首。简略回答时，to可以省略。可以省略。 eg Ought I to wait for him outside the gate? Yes, you ought (to). / No, you oughtnt (to). 注注: ought to与与should的意思大致的意思大致相同相同, 都表都表 示示 “义务、要求或劝告义务、要
36、求或劝告”, 只是只是ought to比比 should的语气稍重一些的语气稍重一些。 2. Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily. in particular: specially/especially/particularly 尤其尤其，特别特别 eg I remember one of them in particular 我特别记住了他们之中的一位。我特别记住了
37、他们之中的一位。 I am interested in stories in general, and in detective stories in particular 我总的来说对小说感兴趣，尤其是对侦探我总的来说对小说感兴趣，尤其是对侦探 小说感兴趣。小说感兴趣。 Discuss how to solve your problems of reading literature and role-play a conversation following the example below. Remember to use the modal verbs correctly. A: I
38、have some difficult problems in reading English literature. Would you give me some advice? B: Of course, I will. Whats the matter? A: I find that the works of English literature are often too difficult. What shall I do? B: Maybe you can read the translated version first. Also, you could choose the simplified edition. A: Good idea! Thank you.
