1、To learn some useful words and expression in the text: congratulations, assume, wonder, tend, moreover, routine, average, avoid, stick with, make up for, exercise ones way. To use the words and expressions 1. You want to start doing exercise? Congratulations! You have just taken your first step towa
2、rds a new and improved you! 你你想开始锻炼了？恭喜你！你已经向一个崭想开始锻炼了？恭喜你！你已经向一个崭新新 的的更好的自己迈出了第一步更好的自己迈出了第一步。 congratulations n.“something that you say when you want to congratulate someone” 祝贺，祝贺， 恭喜；贺词恭喜；贺词 【归纳归纳】 congratulations (to sb. ) on sth. 就就(向某人向某人)祝祝 贺贺 Congratulations！祝贺你祝贺你！(口语口语) 【拓展拓展】 congratulate
3、 v. 祝祝贺贺 congratulate sb. on sth. 为某事向某人祝为某事向某人祝贺贺 congratulate oneself on/upon 感到自豪；暗自庆幸；为自己高感到自豪；暗自庆幸；为自己高兴兴 【易易错点错点拨拨】 (1) congratulation用作祝贺语时用作祝贺语时，通常用复数通常用复数形形 式式；作为；作为“祝贺祝贺”这一抽象意义时这一抽象意义时，通常用通常用单单 数数形式形式。 (2) congratulate的宾语是的宾语是sb.而而不是不是sth.，且该且该 动词动词后不接带不定式的复合结构或后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句从句。 【语境应用
4、语境应用】补全句子。补全句子。 1) We _ _ _ _ _ _ (祝贺他找到新祝贺他找到新 工作工作). 2) I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (对你的成功致以最热烈的祝贺对你的成功致以最热烈的祝贺). 3) I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (正庆幸自己侥正庆幸自己侥 幸逃脱幸逃脱) when disaster struck. congratulated him on his new job send you my warmest congratulations on your success was congratulating myself on my lucky escape 2
5、. Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mindsbut what exactly are its health benefits? 大大多数人认为，有规律的锻炼对身心有奇多数人认为，有规律的锻炼对身心有奇效效 但但它确切的健康好处是什么呢它确切的健康好处是什么呢？ 1) assume vt. “to think that something is true, although you do not have definite proof”假定，认为假定，认为 “to start to h
6、ave control, responsibility etc or to start in a particular position or job”承担承担 “to start to have a particular quality or appearance” 呈现，显露呈现，显露 【拓展拓展】 assumption n. 假定；设想；担任假定；设想；担任 on the assumption that.假定假定 assuming (that). 假设假设(引导条件状语从句引导条件状语从句) 【归纳归纳】 assume sb. /sth. to be.认为某人认为某人(事事) assum
7、e that. 假定假定，认为认为 【语境应用语境应用】按要求完成句子。按要求完成句子。 1) His actions were based on a false _ (assume). 2) If there wasnt the hard work of the dustman, what can you imagine our environment will be like? (用用assuming that.改写改写) _ _, what can you imagine our environment will be like? assumption Assuming that the
8、re wasnt the hard work of the dustman 3) People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment. (用用it作形式主语改作形式主语改 写写) _ _ It is assumed that what people do has little effect on the environment. 2) wonder n. “something that makes you feel surprise and admiration” 奇迹；奇迹； “a feeling of s
9、urprise and admiration for something very beautiful or new to you”惊惊讶讶 v. “to think about something that you are not sure about and try to guess what is true, what will happen etc” 怀疑；想知道；对怀疑；想知道；对感到感到 惊奇惊奇 【归纳归纳】 No wonder. (Its no wonder.)难难 怪怪；不足为奇不足为奇 work/do wonders 创创造奇迹造奇迹 in wonder 惊惊讶地讶地 It
10、s a wonder that.令人惊讶的是令人惊讶的是 wonder at/about 对对感到惊讶感到惊讶 【拓展拓展】 wonderful adj. 奇奇妙的；极好的；意想不到的妙的；极好的；意想不到的 【语境应用语境应用】完成完成句子。句子。 1) Brad was Janes brother! _ he reminded me so much of her! 布拉德是简的兄弟！怪不得他老是让我想布拉德是简的兄弟！怪不得他老是让我想 起她呢！起她呢！ 2) _ no one got hurt. 奇怪的是没有一个人受伤。奇怪的是没有一个人受伤。 3) Sometimes I _. 有时我
11、对他的行为感到惊讶有时我对他的行为感到惊讶。 No wonder Its a wonder wonder about his behaviour 3. It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. 事事实也已证明，经常运动的人往往拥有更好的实也已证明，经常运动的人往往拥有更好的 免疫系统，并且患病的风险更低。免疫系统，并且患病的风险更低。 tend v. “if something tends to happen,
12、it happens often and is likely to happen again” 趋向，倾向；趋向，倾向； “to look after someone or something” 照照 料，照顾料，照顾 【归纳归纳】 tend to do sth. 常常会做某事常常会做某事, 往往会做某事往往会做某事 tend to/toward sth. 趋向趋向, 倾向倾向 tend to sb. /sth.(=look after) 照顾照顾, 照料照料 【拓展拓展】 tendency n. 倾向、趋势倾向、趋势, 其后多跟动词不其后多跟动词不 定式定式 【语境应用语境应用】用用tend
13、的适当形式填空的适当形式填空。 1) Readers also _ to share articles that were exciting or funny. 读者们也往往分享让人激动或有趣的文章。读者们也往往分享让人激动或有趣的文章。 2) He always has a _ to Latin music. 他对拉丁音乐一直情有独钟。他对拉丁音乐一直情有独钟。 tended tendency 4. Moreover, exercise is good for your mental health. 此外，运动对你的心理健康也有好处。此外，运动对你的心理健康也有好处。 moreover ad
14、v. “in addition used to introduce information that adds to or supports what has previously been said” 而而 且，此外，再者且，此外，再者 在句中作状语常用逗号隔开，用来引入新的内在句中作状语常用逗号隔开，用来引入新的内 容以补充说明或跟进支持前面所说过的话，常容以补充说明或跟进支持前面所说过的话，常 可与可与further, besides, in addition互换使用。互换使用。 e.g. The rent is reasonable and, moreover, the locatio
15、n is perfect. 这房租合理这房租合理, ,而且地点也相当不错。而且地点也相当不错。 The task is difficult, and moreover, time is pressing. 任务艰巨任务艰巨, ,并且时间紧迫。并且时间紧迫。 The whole report is badly written. Moreover, its inaccurate. 整个报告写得很糟糕。此外，它还不准确。整个报告写得很糟糕。此外，它还不准确。 5. Some studies even show that exercise improves certain brain function
16、, meaning you could actually exercise your way to better performance at school! 一些研究甚至表明锻炼可以改善某些大脑功一些研究甚至表明锻炼可以改善某些大脑功 能，这意味着你确实可以通过锻炼来提高学业能，这意味着你确实可以通过锻炼来提高学业 成绩！成绩！ 句句中中exercise ones way意意为“通过锻炼为“通过锻炼 来来”，同同push ones way、fight ones way、pick ones way 等一样都属于活等一样都属于活用用 way的的短语短语。 e.g. He pushed his w
17、ay through the crowd. 他他推开人群挤了出去。推开人群挤了出去。 The soldiers finally fought their way out. 士士兵们终于杀出了一条生路兵们终于杀出了一条生路。 He had to pick his way along the muddy path. 他他只得小心翼翼地在泥泞的小路上行走。只得小心翼翼地在泥泞的小路上行走。 6. When you plan an exercise routine, the first thing to consider is what you expect to improve: heart and
18、 lung efficiency, muscle strength or flexibility. 制制订锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期订锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望望 在在哪些方面有所改善，是心肺功能，肌哪些方面有所改善，是心肺功能，肌肉肉 力量力量还是柔韧性。还是柔韧性。 routine n. “the usual order in which you do things, or the things you regularly do” 常规，惯例常规，惯例 【归纳归纳】routine构成的短语：构成的短语： break the routine 打破常规打破常规 build a rou
19、tine 建立常规建立常规 change a routine 改变常规改变常规 follow the (old) rountine 墨守成规墨守成规 perform the routine 履行常规履行常规 as a matter of routine 定期；例行公事定期；例行公事 7. Above all, choose activities you enjoy because, in this way, youre more likely to stick with them. 最最重要的是，选择你喜欢的活动，因为这样你重要的是，选择你喜欢的活动，因为这样你 才更有坚持下去的可能。才更有坚
20、持下去的可能。 stick with 持续，坚持持续，坚持 【归纳归纳】stick相关短语相关短语 stick out 伸出；探出；醒目伸出；探出；醒目，显眼显眼 stick to 坚坚持持，信守信守(to为介词为介词) stick by 忠忠于；遵守；继续坚持于；遵守；继续坚持 stick up for 支支持；维持；维护护 be/get stuck in 陷入；困在陷入；困在中中 【语境应用语境应用】根据语境完成句子。根据语境完成句子。 1) All his life, he _ (stick) in his house taken care of by his mother. 2) St
21、ick _ your set bedtime and wake up time, no matter the day. 3) Be careful! Theres a nail _ (突出突出) that board. was stuck to sticking out of 8. In general, you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising. 一般来说，一般来说，你应该在运动前平均你应该在运动前平均1.5到到2.5小时进小时进 餐餐。 average adj. “the avera
22、ge amount is the amount you get when you add together several quantities and divide this by the total number of quantities” (无比较级无比较级)平均的；平常的平均的；平常的 n. “the usual level or amount for most people or things” 一般水平；平均标准一般水平；平均标准 【归纳归纳】 an average of (后跟数词后跟数词) 平均有平均有 the average of. 的平均数的平均数 up to the a
23、verage 达达到平均水平到平均水平 on (an/the) average 平平均；一般地均；一般地 above/below (the) average 在在平均水平以上平均水平以上/以下以下 【语境应用语境应用】翻译下列句子翻译下列句子。 1) 这些分数远在平均水平以上。这些分数远在平均水平以上。 These marks are well above average. 2) 学生的平均年龄是学生的平均年龄是19岁。岁。 The average age of the students is 19. 3) 我们平均每天会收到我们平均每天会收到5封信。封信。 On average, we re
24、ceive five letters each day. 选选择择句中句中average的汉语意思的汉语意思 Freddy was an average student, but not an average person. _ A. 普普通的通的 B. 典型的典型的 C. 平均的平均的 A 9. Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost to sweat. 记记得在运动过程中喝水，以弥补因出汗而流失得在运动过程中喝水，以弥补因出汗而流失 的水分。的水分。 make up for 弥补，补偿弥补，补偿 【归纳
25、归纳】 make up 编造；化妆；构成，形成编造；化妆；构成，形成 be made up of 由由构成构成 make up an excuse 编造一个理由编造一个理由 make up with sb 与某人和与某人和解解 【拓展拓展】与与make的短语：的短语： make it 获得成功；能够出席获得成功；能够出席 make out 看清；辨认出看清；辨认出 make the most of 充分利用充分利用 make sense 有道理；有意义有道理；有意义 make sense of 理解；弄懂理解；弄懂 【语境应用语境应用】一词多义一词多义 (写出下列句子中写出下列句子中make
26、up的含义的含义)。 1) North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country. _ 2) I think its very unkind of you to make up stories about him. _ 3) She spent too much time making herself up. _ 组成；构成组成；构成 编造编造 化妆化妆 4) Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow? _ 5
27、) Why dont you make up with her and forget all about the quarrel? _ 弥补弥补 和解和解 完成句完成句子子 1) Is there any way that I can _ my forgetfulness? 有没有办法可以让我弥补一下我的健忘呢？有没有办法可以让我弥补一下我的健忘呢？ 2) I will be receiving an important guest from America tomorrow afternoon. Lets _ another day. 明天下午我会接待一位美国贵宾。我们改日明天下午我会接待一
28、位美国贵宾。我们改日 吧。吧。 make up for make it 2) sweat n. “drops of salty liquid that come out through your skin when you are hot, frightened, ill, or doing exercise” 汗水汗水 v. “to have drops of salty liquid coming out through your skin because you are hot, ill, frightened, or doing exercise” 出汗，流汗出汗，流汗 10. You
29、 should also start small and slowly work your way to a longer and harder exercise routine to avoid getting hurt. 你也应该从少量你也应该从少量 锻炼开始，慢慢地进行一个更长时间、更困难锻炼开始，慢慢地进行一个更长时间、更困难 的锻炼，以避免受伤。的锻炼，以避免受伤。 avoid v. “to prevent something bad from happening” 避避免免； “to stay away from someone or something, or not use s
30、omething” 避开避开 【归纳归纳】 avoid (doing) sth. 避免（做）某事避免（做）某事 【拓展拓展】 avoidable adj. 可避可避免的免的 【注意注意】 avoid后面只能跟后面只能跟v.-ing形式作宾语，不能形式作宾语，不能跟跟 不不定式作宾语。定式作宾语。 【温馨提示温馨提示】 常见直接跟动词常见直接跟动词-ing作宾语的词或词组口诀：作宾语的词或词组口诀： 避免错过少延期避免错过少延期 avoid, miss, delay/ put off 建议完成多练习建议完成多练习 suggest/ recommend, finish, practise 喜欢想像
31、禁不住喜欢想像禁不住 enjoy, imagine, cant help 承认否定还考虑承认否定还考虑 admit, deny, consider 逃避冒险不介意逃避冒险不介意 escape, risk, mind 期待成功更值得期待成功更值得 look forward to, succeed in, be worth 还有还有excuse, resist, give up, cant stand等。等。 【语境应用语境应用】 根据汉语意思完成英语句子，根据汉语意思完成英语句子， 每空一词。每空一词。 1) 如如果你想避开市中心，请从这里向右转果你想避开市中心，请从这里向右转 弯。弯。 If
32、you _ _ _ the city center, please turn right here. 2) 她她试图避而不答我的问题。试图避而不答我的问题。 She tried to _ _ my questions. want to avoid avoid answering 根据汉语提示完成句子。根据汉语提示完成句子。 3) We learn to bear with the things we cant change. We learn to _ (避免避免) self- pity. (2019天天津高考津高考) avoid 1. Remember to drink throughout
33、 exercise to make up for water lost to sweat. to make up for water lost to sweat动动 词不定式作目的状语。动词词不定式作目的状语。动词不定不定式作式作 目的状语时一般位于句首，有时也位目的状语时一般位于句首，有时也位 于句中或句末。为了强调还可以用于句中或句末。为了强调还可以用in order to do或或so as to do，但，但so as to不位于句首。不位于句首。 【语境应用语境应用】用动词不定式作目的状语翻译句用动词不定式作目的状语翻译句 子。子。 1) 为了避免延误，请直接打电话预订。为了避免延误
34、，请直接打电话预订。 _ please phone to place your order directly. 2) 我停车短暂休息了一下，因为我感觉累了。我停车短暂休息了一下，因为我感觉累了。 _ as I was feeling tired. To avoid any delay I stopped the car to take a short break 2. To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 在在while, when
35、, until, if, unless, as if, though/ although等引导的状语从句中：等引导的状语从句中： 1) 若主、从句主语一致且从句谓语含有若主、从句主语一致且从句谓语含有be动动 词时，从句的主语和词时，从句的主语和be动词可以省略。动词可以省略。 2) 若从句若从句的的主语和主句的主语不一致，但从主语和主句的主语不一致，但从 句的主语为句的主语为it且从句谓语含有且从句谓语含有be动词时，动词时， it和和be动词可省略。动词可省略。 【语境应用语境应用】句型转换句型转换 1) When she was reading a newspaper in bed, she fell asleep. _, she fell asleep. 2) If it necessary, I will see a doctor. _, I will see a doctor. When reading a newspaper in bed If necessary
