1、1.congratulation n. (pl.)祝贺，恭喜；恭贺；祝贺，恭喜；恭贺； u.n.祝贺祝贺 the act of congratulating congratulations (to sb) on sth 为某事（向某人）祝贺为某事（向某人）祝贺 offer /send ones congratulations to sb on sth 向某人致以祝贺向某人致以祝贺 拓展拓展 congratulate vt. 向（某人）道贺，祝贺向（某人）道贺，祝贺 congratulate sb on sth 祝贺某人（做了）某事祝贺某人（做了）某事 I congratulated him o
2、n his success. =I offered my congratulations to him on his success. Practise: 1)He sent her a letter of _on her election victory. 2)I had hoped to send Peter a gift_(祝贺祝贺) him _ his marriage, but I couldnt manage it. 3)-John and I _(庆祝庆祝)our 10th wedding anniversary next week. -Oh, _(恭喜恭喜)! congratu
3、lation on to congratulate will celebrate congratulations 4)许多亲戚朋友都对他们的银婚表示祝贺。许多亲戚朋友都对他们的银婚表示祝贺。 Many relatives and friends_ their silver wedding. =Many relatives and friends_ _their silver wedding. congratulated them on offered/ sent their congratulations to them on 2.assume vt 假定，认为；承担（责任），就（职）假定，认
4、为；承担（责任），就（职） assume sb/sth to be + n/adj认为某人认为某人/某物是某物是 assume that . 假设，认为假设，认为. It is (generally) assumed that. 人们人们(普遍）认为普遍）认为. I assume him to be an honest man. We were wrong to assume that he would agree. 我们错误地认为他会同意。我们错误地认为他会同意。 It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
5、He assumed all his duties . 人们普遍认为，压力是工作过多所致。人们普遍认为，压力是工作过多所致。 他承担了所有职责他承担了所有职责。 拓展拓展 assumption c. n. 假定，假设假定，假设 on the assumption that 假定假定 assuming conj. 假如，假设假如，假设为真为真 assuming (that) 假定假定 A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they migh
6、t make a nice blow-up(放大的照片放大的照片) for one of the visitors centers. 一位深思熟虑的官员把一些复印件转交给了公园管理者，认一位深思熟虑的官员把一些复印件转交给了公园管理者，认 为他们可能会为其中一个游客中心制作一张漂亮的放大的照片。为他们可能会为其中一个游客中心制作一张漂亮的放大的照片。 Assuming (that) it is true,what should we do now? Practise 1)His actions were based on a false _(assume). 2)_(assume)that w
7、e cant get the necessary equipment,we will have to give up the experiment. 3)_(普遍认为普遍认为)women are normally more sensitive than men. assumption Assuming It is generally assumed that 指出下列句中指出下列句中assume的含义的含义 4)They are assumed to be foreigners. 5)Developed countries should assume the responsibility of
8、 helping undeveloped countries. 6)Mr White will assume the role of CEO. 认为 承担 就职 发达国家应该承担起帮助不发达国家的责任。发达国家应该承担起帮助不发达国家的责任。 3.tend vi. 精力精力, 干劲，活力；干劲，活力； (pl) 精力，力量精力，力量 She is always full of energy. He put all his energies into his work. It is important to conserve energy. 节能十分重要。节能十分重要。 solar / nucl
9、ear energy 太阳能太阳能/ 核能核能 拓展拓展 energetic a.精力充沛的，充满活力的，积极的精力充沛的，充满活力的，积极的 Practise 1)John always gets up early in the morning feeling _(energy) and ready to start a new day. 2)He devoted his energies _(teach). 3)我们应当重视能源节约。我们应当重视能源节约。 We should _energy saving. energetic to teaching attach importance t
10、o 8. average n. 平均水平，一般水准，平均数平均水平，一般水准，平均数 adj. 平均的；一般的，普通的平均的；一般的，普通的 an average of . 平均为平均为. on average平均平均 above/below average 高于高于/低于平均水平低于平均水平 8.average n./ adj. The average age of the students is 15. On average, there are 200 visitors to the exhibition every day. Toms work at school is above/
11、below average. It takes an average of ten weeks for a house sale to be completed. 平均需要平均需要10周才能完成一幢房子的销售。周才能完成一幢房子的销售。 Practise 1)40 hours _(be) a fairly average working hour for most people. 对大多数人来说一周工作对大多数人来说一周工作40小时是相当正常的。小时是相当正常的。 2)Parents spend _3000 yuan a year on toys. 父母为孩子买玩具的花费每年平均为三千元。父母
12、为孩子买玩具的花费每年平均为三千元。 3)Every year 400 people die of this disease _(平均平均). 4)His salary is _(低于平均水平低于平均水平)in his company, which makes him upset. is an average of on average below average 9.throughout prep 自始至终；各处，遍及自始至终；各处，遍及 The giant panda is loved by people throughout the world. 大熊猫受到世界各地人们的喜爱。大熊猫受到
13、世界各地人们的喜爱。 The world changes so fast that you must continue to learn throughout your life. 世界变化如此之快以至于你必须终生学习。世界变化如此之快以至于你必须终生学习。 Practise 1)The museum is open daily _(一年到头，整年一年到头，整年) 2)They export their products to markets _(世界各地世界各地) . throughtout the year throughtout the world 10. injury c.n./u.n
14、. 伤害，损伤伤害，损伤 There were no injuries in the accident. Mike is out of the basketball team because of a terrible head injury/a terrible injury to his head. 迈克因头部受了重伤而退出了篮球队。迈克因头部受了重伤而退出了篮球队。 拓展拓展 injure vt. (尤指在事故中尤指在事故中)受伤，伤害受伤，伤害, 损害损害 injured adj. 受伤的受伤的 Practise 1)They suffered serious _ in the att
15、ack. 2)The firefighters couldnt get close to the burning house in time, _(result) in several deaths and _. 3)The _ (伤者伤者) _(be) rushed to a nearby hospital. 4)He seriously_his knee when playing basketball. injuries resulting injuries injuried were injuried 11. lack (1) n.缺乏，匮乏，短缺缺乏，匮乏，短缺 of sth a la
16、ck of. 缺乏缺乏. for lack of. 因缺乏因缺乏. no lack of. 不缺不缺 There was no lack of volunteers. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. 健康问题与不良饮食习惯和缺少锻炼密切相关。健康问题与不良饮食习惯和缺少锻炼密切相关。 The case was dismissed for lack of evidence. 因缺乏证据该案件被撤销。因缺乏证据该案件被撤销。 The programme was
17、canceled through lack of money. 11. lack (1) n.缺乏，匮乏，短缺缺乏，匮乏，短缺 of sth (2)vt. 没有，缺乏，不足，短缺没有，缺乏，不足，短缺 This novel lacks imagination. As he is very rich, he lacks for nothing. 他很富有，什么都不缺。他很富有，什么都不缺。 Practise 1)There is _(缺少缺少)parking space in our city. 2)The project was canceled_lack of money. 3)生活中并不缺少美。生活中并不缺少美。 There is _ in life . 4)尽管他缺乏经验，他还是得到了那份工作。尽管他缺乏经验，他还是得到了那份工作。 _experience, he got the job. _experience, he got the job. 5)他缺乏信心。他缺乏信心。 He _. a lack of for no lack of beauty Despite his lack of Although/ Though he lacked lacks confidence Thank you
