1、Unit 1 Reading 1 The evolution of video and sound devices 高中英语高中英语 必修（第二必修（第二 册）册） Unit 4 Exploring literature Grammar and usage Modal verbs Free talk Have a review of the three qualities of good literary works. Then, think of the following questions: What shall I read? What are your suggestions? Re
2、ad the passage on Page 48 and get some ideas about the answers to the question. Making suggestions Making suggestions Expressing necessity To start with, ask your friends, parents and teachers to recommend what books you ought to read. You could also read book reviews in newspapers, in magazines or
3、online. However, you must also decide for yourself what kind of books to read. Exploring the rules 1. Read the passage again and find the other sentences that use modal verbs, identifying their functions respectively. And then fill in the table on Page 48. Suggestion What shall I read? you can get i
4、deas from different sources You could also read book reviews in newspapers, in magazines or online. Ability Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily. A book review can often tell you whether a book is worth r
5、eading or not. Necessity what books you ought to read. However, you must also decide for yourself what kind of books to read. You do not have to read a book just because everyone recommends it. Possibility You might have asked yourself this question more than once. These ideas should point you in th
6、e right direction. you may find yourself better able to seek out books to your taste Exploring the rules Modal verbs can express ability or necessity. They can also make suggestions or describe the probability of an event. The same modal verb can have different functions. Modal verbs can be followed
7、 by _. * You can choose more than one answer for the blank. a. do (the base form) d. be done (the passive voice) b. doing (the verb-ing form) e. be doing (the continuous form) c. did (the past form) f. have done (the perfect form) Exploring the rules a, d, e, f 2. Try to identify the differences bet
8、ween various modal verbs for the same function. Exploring the rules Suggestion What shall I read? you can get ideas from different sources You could also read book reviews in newspapers, in magazines or online. Shall I open the door? Shall we meet at 6 oclock? What shall I do for the meeting? Explor
9、ing the rules You use shall with I and we in questions in order to make offers or suggestions, or to ask for advice. Could is normally used to give mild advice or to suggest a solution to some problem. Exploring the rules Ability Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading
10、 materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily. A book review can often tell you whether a book is worth reading or not. By the time she was eight, she _ read Greek and Latin. He fell into the river, but he _ swim to the bank. Modal verbs for ability: can, could, be able to could was
11、 able to Exploring the rules Could can be used as the past tense of can to say what someone was able to do or was allowed to do in the past. When talking about what happened in a particular situation, we use was/were able to or managed to instead of could. Exploring the rules Necessity what books yo
12、u ought to read. However, you must also decide for yourself what kind of books to read. You do not have to read a book just because everyone recommends it. You _ wear a scarf. Its very cold outside. You _ obey the rules, otherwise I would punish you. Its five oclock. I _ leave now. Modal verbs for n
13、ecessity: should, ought to, must, have to ought to (should) must have to Exploring the rules We use must when saying that it is very important that someone does something, because someone in authority or a rule says this, or because of the situation. We use have to when we need to do something becau
14、se it is necessary or important. Exploring the rules Possibility You might have asked yourself this question more than once. These ideas should point you in the right direction. you may find yourself better able to seek out books to your taste Wheres Rose? Im not sure. She _ be at home. You havent e
15、aten all day. You _ be hungry. I dont believe it. It _ (not) be true. Modal verbs for probability: may, might, could, must, can, should may/might/could must cant Exploring the rules We use may, might and could to say that something is possible, but not certain. We use must to show we are sure someth
16、ing is true. We use cant or cannot to say that something is impossible. Exploring the rules My dry cleaning should be ready tomorrow. Its 5 oclock. They should have arrived. We use should to suggest something is true and we have reasons for our suggestion. Exploring the rules It can be very cold in
17、April in Nanjing. Wild dogs can be dangerous. We use can to make general statements about what is possible. Work in groups and try to give one example for each case. (1) He must be a student, for he is wearing a school uniform. (2) Can he be reading now? Yes, he must be reading now. The light is sti
18、ll on. (3) I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep. Exploring the rules 4. Please go through Grammar notes on Pages 99101. Raise your questions that you have about this part. Exploring the rules Applying the rules 1. Turn to Page 49 and finish B1 on this page. 2. Check the answers. Tell the
19、reasons for your choices. Question Choice Function of the modal verbs in the choice Function of the modal verbs in the other sentences. 1 a Permission Ability 2 c Permission Possibility 3 b Possibility Necessity 4 c Necessity Possibility Question Choice Function of the modal verbs 1 cant Ability 2 m
20、ust Possibility 3 could Ability 4 must Necessity 5 can Ability 6 should Necessity 7 ought to Necessity What did the writer think of reading Dickenss A Christmas Carol at first? How did it turn out? What can we learn from the book, according to the author? Applying the rules 3. In groups, make rules
21、for your school library using modal verbs. (1) What is a rule? What modal verbs can be used to describe rules? (2) From what aspects would you like to give rules for your school library? Applying the rules A rule is a statement explaining what someone can or cannot do in a particular system, game or
22、 situation. Modal verbs that are used to describe permission or necessity: must, can, mustnt, cannot. Applying the rules Rules for the school library Applying the rules food drinks mobile phone talking school ID library properties borrowing books protecting books 1. You must study quietly in the rea
23、ding room. 2. You must not eat or drink in the library. 3. You can use the computers to find books in our library. 4. You can borrow two books at a time and keep them for as long as two weeks. 5. You must present your school ID when borrowing books. Applying the rules 6. You mustnt steal or damage l
24、ibrary properties such as books, periodicals, computer programs, chairs and tables. 7. Mobile phones must be switched to silent mode. 8. You cannot play computer games on the computers provided. 9. All books and periodicals must be returned to the shelves after use. Applying the rules Homework 1. Summarize the different functions of the following modal verbs: can, must, should, may/might and shall. 2. Write a paragraph on books you would like to recommend with at least five sentences, using proper modal verbs. Homework 1. Read this article aloud. 2. Finish the workbook. 谢谢 谢谢
