人教版八下-Unit 10 I 've had this bike for three years.-Section B 2a—3b Self check-ppt课件-(含教案)-市级优课-(编号：3155e).zip

现在完成时复习教案 同学们我们已经学习了八年级英语的现在进行时、一般现在 时、一般过去时、一般将来时这 4 种时态的用法，但这 4 种时态 还不能满足我们表达的需要。这时，我们可以用一种新的时态 现在完成时表示。小编整理了关于八年级英语现在完成时的教 案，希望对大家有帮助! 八八年年级级英英语语现现在在完完成成时时：一一、现现在在完完成成时时的的构构成成 (一)肯定式 主语+助动词 have /has +过去分词+其它 说明：这里的 have /has 是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当 主语是第三人称单数时助动词用 has，其余人称一律用 have。 has，have 的缩略式分别为s 或ve。规则动词过去分词的构成与 过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例： 1)Ive just copied all the new words .我刚抄写了所有 的生词。 (表示不要再抄了) 2)She has lost her books .她丢失了她的书。 (表示到目 前为止还没有找到) (如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢 的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到) 3)Weve just cleaned the classroom .我们刚好打扫了教 室。(表明现在教室是干净的) (二)否定式 主语+助动词 have /has+not+过去分词+其它 说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词 have /has 后面加 not 就行。have not，has not 的缩略式分别为 havent ，hasnt。另外，肯定句中有 some，already 时，改为否定时要 分别改成 any，yet。实例： 1)I havent finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的 作业。 2)She hasnt travelled on a train .她没有坐火车旅行过。 3)We have never spoken to a foreigner.我们从来没有和 外国人说过话。 注：有时 not 可以用 never 代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。 又如： 4)I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。 (三)一般疑问式 助动词 Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它 ? 说明：把陈述句中的 have 或 has 放到句首，句末打问号，同 时把句中的 some ，already 改为 any ，ye t 就构成了一般疑问 句。肯定回答用“Yes ，主语+have/has.?否定回答用“No，主语 +havent/hasnt.”有时也可以用“No，not yet./No ，never./No，not even once.”等。实例： 1)Have you ever made dumplings ?你曾经做过饺子吗? Yes ，I have .是的，我做过。 2)Has she ever been abroad ?她曾经出过国吗? No，never.不，从来没有。 3)Have they found the lost books yet ?他们已经找到 了丢失的书吗? Yes ，they have.是的，他们找到了。 注意：当句中有否定词 not ，hardly(几乎不)，never 的时 候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。例如：You have never come to our school ，have you ?你以前从来没有 来过我们学校，是吗? 八八年年级级英英语语现现在在完完成成时时：二二、现现在在完完成成时时的的用用法法 (一)现在完成时的用法 1：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一 动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词 already(已 经) ，yet(还、已经) ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever(曾经) ，never(从不) ，before(以前)等连用。这几个副词的用法如下： 1.already 意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动 词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。实例： 1)Ive already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。 (“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书 中的内容”。) 2)Ive washed my clothes already.我已经洗了衣服。 (洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。) 注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already 也可 用于(口语)疑问句中。实例： 3)Have you met him already ?你(真的)已经见过他了? 2.yet 用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还” ，常放在句末。实例： 1)Has he found his watch yet ?他已经找到他的手表了 吗? No，not yet.不，还没有。 2)The woman hasnt found her dog yet . 那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。(没找到狗，心里着急，这就是 对现在的影响) 3.just 意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与 过去分词之间。实例： He has just come back from school .他刚从学校回来。 4.ever 意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词 与过去分词之间。实例： 1)Have you ever been to Hong Kong ?你曾去过香港吗? 2)I havent ever spoken to her.我未曾和她说过话。 5.never 意为“从来没有”常与 before 连用(before 要放在 句尾，而 never 多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： I have never travelled by plane before.我以前从来没有 乘飞机旅行过。 6.before 意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放 在句末，不受句型的限制。实例： 1)Have you been to Hainan before ?你以前去过海南吗? 2)I havent eaten Guangdong food before.我以前没吃过 广东菜。 (二)现在完成时用法二 2持续性用法(肯定句，疑问句中 谓语动词必须是延续性动词)：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的 动作或状态。此时常与“for +一段时间?或“since+过去的点时 间或从句(从句用一般过去时)以及 so far(到目前为止)等时间状 语连用。 for + 段时间 since +点时间 实例： 1)Ive lived here since 1990.自从 1990 年以来我就住在 这里。 = Ive lived here since 13 years ago. = Ive lived here for 13 years. = It is 13 years since I began to live here. 2)I havent seen him for three years .我三年没有看见 他了。 = I havent seen him since three years ago = I havent seen him since 2000. = It is 3 years since I saw him last time. 3)Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city . 自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。 4)Shes been at this school since five years ago. 自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。 注意：在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延 续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与 for(达到; 累计)或 since(自从。到现在)引出的时间状语连用。 对 for 和 since 引导的时间状语提问要用 How long 1) 他入团两年了。 误：He has joined the League for two years. 正：He has been a League member for two years. 2)我买这辆自行车三年了。 误：I have bought this bike for three years. 正：I have had this bike for three years. 2) 部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词： 短暂性动词 延续性动词 die be dead borrow keep buy/catch have get up be up come be in finish be over leaver be away open be open close be closed begin be on become interested in be interested in 有人可能会问：一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发 生在过去，那么这两种时态有什么区别呢? 答：一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如： yesterday 连用;强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。 现在完成时与自已的特征词连用，强调过去发生的动作对 现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。 例： He saw the film last night. (过去时，表示他昨晚 看过那部电影了，现在不知还要不要再看一次) He has (ever) seen the film before.(现在完成时，表时 他已看过那部电影，现在不想再看了) 八八年年级级英英语语现现在在完完成成时时巩巩固固练练习习 I.按要求转换下列各句，每空一词。 1、He has already finished his homework.(改为否定句) He _ finished his homework _. 2.They have found the lost books already.(改为一般疑 问句，并作否定回答) _ they _ the lost books _?No，they_. 3.Julia has not got home from school yet.(改为肯定句) Julia _ _ _ home from school . 4.You have never been to Shanghai before，_ _ ?(改为反意疑问句) 5. Hes gone to Beijing, _ _?(改为反意疑问 句) 6.Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999.(改为同义句) Mr Wang _ _ English in this school since 1999. 7. He hasnt left home for 3 days.(同义句) He _ _ _ home for 3 days. 8. They have lived here since 3 years ago. (对划线提 问) II.选择正确答案。 ( )1.Who is Mary ? _?I saw you talking with her at the meeting . A.Dont you meet her yet B.Didnt you met her yet C.Havent you met her yet D.Hadnt you met her yet ( )2.How do you like Beijing ，Mr Black? Oh ，I _ such a beautiful city . A.dont visit B.didnt visit C.havent visited D.hadnt visited ( )3.The old people _ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week. A.dont feel B.hasnt felt C.havent felt D.didnt feel ( ) 4.We have lived here _ five years ago. A.when B.since C.before D.after 现在完成时 助动词have (has)+过去分词done past now Yesterday , we cleaned the classroom. Now , the classroom is clean because we have cleaned it. 用法1 强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结 果或影响 1. My father bought many books for me yesterday . Now , I have a lot to read because _ 2. I saw this film last week. Now, I know this film because I_. 3. I did my homework yesterday. Now, I can give it to the teacher because I_ my father has bought many books for me. have seen it before have done it. “仍然，还 ” 用在疑问句和否定句中，放在句 末。 I havent read this book yet . Have you had breakfast yet ? already : Yet: “已经”通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。 I have already read this book. 有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。 Have you eaten up all the food already ? “从来不” 用在否定句中,放在句中。 Is he famous ?I have never heard of him . ever never “曾经”通常用于疑问句和 肯定句中,放在句中。 I have ever seen this film. Have you ever been to the USA ? “以前”用在完成时中，放 在句末。 have never read this kind of books before. just before “刚刚 ”用在陈述句中,放 在句中。 I have just bought a novel。 She began to work in 2005. She still works here now. She has worked at this school for 3 years. now past I began to teach English at this school five years ago. I have taught English at this school for five years. 用法2： 过去发生的动作一直延续到现在 。 1. I am a doctor. I began to work when I was 22.Now , I am 26. I _ for four years. 2. We went to the USA last Monday. Today is Monday . We _ (stay) in the USA since last Monday. have worked have stayed since and for The woman has worked at this school for 2 years.( since two years ago) since 2 years ago since 1998 since she came to the school) for + 时间段 since+时间点 for 2 years/a long time _three hours _three oclock _two days _yesterday afternoon _I came here _last Sunday _a week _a long time _1997 _two weeks _three years ago _ last month for since for since since since for for since for since since 1.Theyve known each other since_. A.1995 B. three years 2.Ive been interested in Chinese for_. A. last year B. one year 3. She has been a doctor for_. A. two years B.two years ago 4. Ive had a headache since_. A. I got up this morning B. five hours 5. Weve been here for_. A. one hour B. one oclock A A B A B 6. My parents have owned this house for_. A. a long time B. many years ago 7. Theyve been in love since_. A. last spring B. three months 8. We have known each other since_. A. one year B. last year 9. -How long have you been like this? -Since_. A.last night B. two days 10.-How long has she worked here? -She has worked here for_. A. 1993 B. six years A A B A B Exercise 根据所给情况，用just,already或yet造句。 1.After lunch you go to see a friend at her house.She saysWould you like something to eat? You say: No, thank you. _( have lunch ) 2.Joe goes out. Five minutes later,the phone rings and the caller says Can I speak to Joe? You say: Im afraid _.( go out ) he has just gone out Ive just had lunch. 3.You are eating in a restaurant this evening. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away.You say: Wait a moment !_ ( not / finish ) 4.You are going to a restaurant this evening. You phone to reserve(预定）a table. Later your friend says Shall I phone to reserve a table? You say: No,_ it (do) I havent finished it yet. I have already done 1.现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已完成 的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果,也 就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响 现在还存在. I have lost my wallet. (含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has just had it. (含义是:简现在不饿了.) Michael has been ill. (含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过 去某一时刻一直持续到现在的动作和 状态,常与表示持续的时间状语连用. 表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续 性动词。 I havent seen her these days. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 3. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间 状语连用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, still, lately等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ？ 4. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语 连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等: Have you ever been to Beijing？ I have never heard of Bunny. I have used this pen only three times. George has met that gentleman on several occasions. have(has)gone和have(has)been的区别 1.have(has)gone表示“已经去某地了” ShehasgonetoShanghai.(她可能已在去上海 的路上，或已到上海，总之现在不在这里。) 2.have(has)been表示“曾经去过某地” ShehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.(她已经不 在上海，只说明她曾经去过。) 非延续性动词不能与时间段连用： go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/ receive/become等词语是瞬间动词表示的动作是一时的， 不能延续，不能与for、since等表示一段时间的词连用， 也不能用于how long引导的疑问句中。 如不能说：He has borrowed the book for two months.() 但可以说：He has kept the book for 2 months. 或：It has been 2 months since he borrowed the book. 或：Two months has passed since he borrowed the book. 这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换。 becomebe borrowkeep buyhave begin (start)be on openbe open diebe dead leave-be away come-be here/in go outbe out join-be a member/be in begin to study-study 注明：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态 ：I havent bought anything for two days. 动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则 变化有以下四种： 原形+ed如：worked,passed 词尾是e时，直接加d如：likedlived 若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾 为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如 :playedstayedstudiedcried 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最 后一个辅音字母加ed.如：stoppeddropped 动词的过去分词的规则变化 AAA: put put put letlet let ABA: becomebecamebecome ABB: standstoodstood ABC: eat ateeaten cost-cost-cost read-read- read put-put-put cut-cut-cut let-let-let set-set-set beat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid 一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词， 结尾字母一般是t或d。 特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致， read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。 有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的: run-ran-run come-came-come become-became-become overcome-overcame-overcome ABA 原型过去式过去分词例词 -eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep -ell-old-oldsell,tell -d-t-tlend,spend,send,build -ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay -n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean -ee-e-e-meet,feed -ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think -aught-aughtcatch,teach ABB(含规则动词) 1.另有一些其它形式的变化。 have(has)-had-hadleave-left-left lose-lost-lostmake-made-made feel-felt-feltspell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood 2.改变单词中间元音字母。 sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-won shine-shone-shonehold-held-held find-found-foundhear-heard-heard hang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged) ABB(含规则动词) ABC 原型过去式过去分 词 例词 -eak-oke-okenbreak,speak -eal-ole-olensteal -ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear -ow （aw ） -ew-owngrow,blow,know, throw,draw -i-a-u-sink,swim,drink,ring, sing,begin -i-o-ndrive,rise,ride,write ABC 有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变 成以en结尾的单词。 take-took-takengive-gave-given fall-fell-falleneat-ate-eaten write-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spoken freeze-froze-frozenride-rode-ridden get-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot) 特殊： am/is-was-beenare-were-been, do(does)-did-donego-went-gone see-saw-seenshow-showed-shown(showed) lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied) 比较现在完成时和过去时的区别： *现在完成时所表示的是过去的发生的动作对现在 造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以不 能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday， last night, three weeks ago, in 1990。 *一般过去时表示的是过去发生的动作或状态，和 现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连 用。 I have seen the film.(我了解这部电影的内容。) I saw the film last week.（只说明上星期看了这部 电影，不涉及现在的情况。） 总结现在完成时： 1、构成：have / has +过去分词。 2、概念： (1)表示过去或已经完成的某一动作对现在 成的影响 或结果。常与下列状语连用:already, just, yet, ever, never, before (2)表示过去已经发生，持续到现在的动作或状态， 可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在 ”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。 a.for和表示一段时间的词组连用。 如：for 3 years b.since和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。 如：since 1997, since two years ago,since last week