1、 动名词与现在分词 v.+ing 动词动词-ing形式作状语和宾语补足语形式作状语和宾语补足语 v.ing作状语的形式作状语的形式 1. v.ing形式的一般式与完成式形式的一般式与完成式 一般式(一般式(doing):表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生:表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生 完成式(完成式(having done):表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前:表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前 Representing the Student Association,I went to the airport to meet the international students.(一般式)一般
2、式) 代表学生会,我去机场迎接国际学生。代表学生会,我去机场迎接国际学生。 Having finished his summary,he went out for a walk. 完成总结完成总结 后,他出去散步了。(后,他出去散步了。(完成式完成式) (2) v. -ing形式的主动式与被动式形式的主动式与被动式 V. -ing形式用主动式还是被动式主要取决于形式用主动式还是被动式主要取决于v. -ing 形式和它的逻辑形式和它的逻辑 主语之间的关系主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语。句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语。 Having struggled for years,he final
3、ly won the champion. 经过多年的奋斗,他终于赢得了冠军。经过多年的奋斗,他终于赢得了冠军。(主动关系)(主动关系) Having been shown around the lab, we were led into a hall. 参观完了实验室,我们被领进了大厅。参观完了实验室,我们被领进了大厅。(被动关系)(被动关系) 一、动词一、动词-ing形式作形式作状语时的功能:状语时的功能: v.ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式、形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式、 伴随等。伴随等。 1.作时间状语作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句
4、相当于一个时间状语从句) Hearing the knock on the door, they stopped talking. = When they heard the knock on the door, they stopped talking. 听到有人在敲门,他们停止了谈话。听到有人在敲门,他们停止了谈话。 2.作原因状语作原因状语(相当于一相当于一 个原因状语从句个原因状语从句) Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. = As he was ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.因为生病了,昨
5、天他因为生病了,昨天他 没去上学。没去上学。 3.作伴随状语作伴随状语(动词动词-ing形式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时形式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时 发生,相当于一个并列谓语发生,相当于一个并列谓语) They stood there, waiting for the bus. = They stood there and waited for the bus. 他们站在那儿等公共汽车。他们站在那儿等公共汽车。 4.作结果状语作结果状语(表示自然而然的结果,不定式短语作结果状语表示事表示自然而然的结果,不定式短语作结果状语表示事 与愿违的结果与愿违的结果) The hospit
6、al has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated. 最近这家医院已经获得了新的医疗设备,能让更多的病人得到治疗。最近这家医院已经获得了新的医疗设备,能让更多的病人得到治疗。 二、动词二、动词-ing形式的时态形式的时态 1.动词动词-ing形式的一般式,可以表示没有时间先后顺序的动作,即形式的一般式,可以表示没有时间先后顺序的动作,即 没有明确过去、现在或将来的动作没有明确过去、现在或将来的动作;一般式还可以表示发生在谓语动一般式还可以表示发生在谓语动 词之前的动作词之前的动
7、作;有时;也指发生在谓语动词之后的动作。有时;也指发生在谓语动词之后的动作。 语态语态 形式形式 主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态 一般式一般式doingbeing done 完成式完成式having donehaving been done I wish you would quit complaining.我希望你不再抱怨。我希望你不再抱怨。 Chatting with each other, we enjoyed our dinner.我们边吃边聊。我们边吃边聊。 2.动词动词-ing形式的完成式,表示形式的完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动词之前动作发生在谓语动词之前。 Having fin
8、ished work, she got ready to go shopping. 完成工作后,她准备去购物。完成工作后,她准备去购物。 Having been ill for two weeks, she felt rather weak. 由于病了两周,她感到身体很虚弱。由于病了两周,她感到身体很虚弱。 三、动词三、动词-ing形式作形式作宾语补足语宾语补足语 动词动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时是现在分词形式作宾语补足语时是现在分词,表示表示正在进行的动正在进行的动 作作或或经常存在的状态经常存在的状态。动词。动词-ing 形式常作以下动词的宾语补形式常作以下动词的宾语补 足语足语: 1.
9、表示表示“感觉感觉”的感官动词的感官动词: feel、 smell、listen to、hear、 watch、see、notice、 observe等。等。 ce to a valley. (lie) I felt someone patting me on the shoulder.我感觉有人在拍我我感觉有人在拍我 的肩膀。的肩膀。 I noticed a stranger sliding into the managers office. 我看到有人溜进经理的办公室。我看到有人溜进经理的办公室。 2.表示表示“使使;让让”的使役动词的使役动词:have、keep、get、 leave、l
10、et, set. make, send 等等. Im sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.我抱歉让你久等了我抱歉让你久等了. 3.用于用于with的复合结构中。的复合结构中。 I couldnt do my homework with the noise going on. 由于噪音不断,我没法做作业。由于噪音不断,我没法做作业。 With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous. 这么多人看着她,她感到很紧张。这么多人看着她,她感到很紧张。 I.单句填空单句填空 1.He had
11、a wonderful childhood, (travel)with his mother to all corners of the world. 2.At the age of 29, David was a worker, (live) in a small apartment near Boston and (wonder) what to do about his future. 3. (tell) many times, he finally, understood it. 4.Suddenly, a tall man (drive) a carriage seized the
12、girl and took her away , (disappear) into the woods. 5. The lady walked around the shops, (keep) an eye out for bargains. travelling living wondering Having been told driving disappearing keeping II.完成句子完成句子 1.When I caught him (欺骗我欺骗我) I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another
13、shop. (cheat) 2.The kid was so proud of his work that he was just sitting there with (跷着二郎腿跷着二郎腿)waiting for praise from the teacher. (cross) 3. With (学生们坐下学生们坐下) in the hall, the visiting professor delivered an impres-sive speech on the art of language. (seat) 4.The lawyer listened with full attention, (尽力不尽力不 错过错过) any point. (miss) 5.When she came back to life, she (发现自己发现自己 躺在躺在) the entrance to a valley. cheating me his legs crossed the students seated trying not to miss found himself lying at