1、 To learn the grammar: the use of infinitives as attributes and adverbials. To make sentences using infinitives. To describe space facts and efforts to explore space. Discuss and tell the functions of to do. 1. People have always wanted to learn more about space. 2. China wanted Change 4 to explore
2、the surface of the far side of the moon. 宾语宾语 宾语补足语宾语补足语 句法功能句法功能考点考点 宾语宾语want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, decide, attempt, strive, help, agree, promise, intend, prefer, would like, expect, afford, ask + to do sth. 宾语补足语宾语补足语tell, ask, invite, force, get, beg, all
3、ow, wish, want, like, prefer, inspire, encourage, expect, advise, permit, order, warn, cause + sb. + to do Discuss and tell the functions of to do. 1. You must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 2. Scientists work hard to find answer. 3. We were surprised to find that he had left
4、. 4. Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 5. Some scientists were determined to help human realize their dream to explore space. 结果状语结果状语 目的状语目的状语 原因状语原因状语 定语定语 定语定语 一一、不定式作定语、不定式作定语 1. 有些名词后面常接不定式作定语，如有些名词后面常接不定式作定语，如ability, chance, desire, decision, effort, intentio
5、n, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, time, way等。等。如：如： After months of unemployment, all he asked for was a chance to earn his bread. 动词不定动词不定式式 2. 被被only, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级以及序数词或形容词最高级 修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。如：如： The nine-year-old boy was the only one to have survived the
6、 crash. 二、不定式作状语二、不定式作状语 1. “主语主语 + be + adj. + to do sth.”结构中，不定式常作原因结构中，不定式常作原因 状语状语，此，此类形容词有类形容词有happy, sorry, glad, excited, disappointed, shocked, satisfied, astonished等。等。如：如： They were glad to see their son taken good care of in the kindergarten. 2. 不定式还常用在不定式还常用在too . to结构、结构、enough及及only等后等
7、后 面作状语，表示结果。面作状语，表示结果。如：如： The box is too small to hold all these things I walked all the way from home to the library, only to find it closed. 3. 不定式作目的状语既可放在句首也可放在句尾，不不定式作目的状语既可放在句首也可放在句尾，不 定式前可加定式前可加in order或或so as。如：如： He had to earn enough money to support the family. In order to master English
8、, you must spend much effort on it. 【语境应用语境应用】选选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. It remains _ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals. A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see 2. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D.
9、To complete 3. If theres a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing 1. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Change-4 _ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. (2020新课新课标全标全国国I) to find 2. Agriculture gav
10、e people their first experience of the power of technology _ (change) lives. (2020浙浙江江) to change 句法功能句法功能考点考点 状语状语目的：目的：to do = so as to do= in order to do; 结果：结果：tooto/ enoughto/ only to do 原因原因：adj. (glad/ sorry/ happy/ nice/ disappointed/ upset/ content) + to do 定语定语置于置于被修饰的词后面被修饰的词后面ability/ am
11、bition/ attempt/ decision/ effort/ plan/ intention/ plan/ promise/ dream/ wish/ 序数词序数词 + to do 独立状语独立状语 to tell the truth/ to be honest/ to make matters worse Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicized red infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings. Find more exampl
12、es from the unit. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot. 2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space. 3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 4. Some scientists were determined to help huma
13、ns realize their dream to explore space. 5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 目的状语目的状语 目的状语目的状语 结果状语结果状语 定语定语 定语定语 Other sentences from the unit include: 1. and scientists work hard to find answers. (adverbial) 2. They make vehicles to carry brave
14、people into space to find out the secrets of the universe. (attribute; adverbial) 3. For example, Americas NASA space agency launched Voyager 1on 5 September 1977 to study deep space (adverbial) 4. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died.
15、 (attribute) 5. China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003 (attribute) Rewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to + do”. Change the italicized parts accordingly. 1. In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married
16、 in space. In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space. 2. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use. 3. Mankind has always been curious about the
17、universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space. Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dream to fly into space one day. 4. Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise ev
18、ery day, which will help them stay healthy. n. 肌肉；实力；影响力肌肉；实力；影响力 Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day to / in order to / so as to stay healthy. 5. Astronauts have to use tapes to stick everything down while working in
19、 space because everything would float off otherwise. Astronauts have to use tapes to stick everything down while working in space to / in order to/ so as to keep everything from floating off. 6. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control. Duri
20、ng a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly to / in order to / so as to keep their bodies under control. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _ (achieve). One of the problems is th
21、at the trip would take a very long time. For example, _ (use) the current technology, it would take over two years _ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing _(know) in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. to achie
22、ve using to get known Will scientists figure out a way _(store) sufficient food and water for the long journey? Is it possible to travel faster than light? No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _(help) astronau
23、ts get enough food on longer journeys through space. to store to help 1. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use. so as to (do sth.) in order to 为了，以便为了，以便 eg I always keep fruit in the fridge so as to keep insects off it. (翻译翻译) 我总是把水果放在冰箱里，以防虫子。我总是把水果放在冰箱里，以防
24、虫子。 recycle vt. to put used objects or materials through a special process so that they can be used again 再再利用，回收利用利用，回收利用 eg We take all our bottles to be recycled. (翻译翻译) 我们把我们所有的瓶子都回收利用。我们把我们所有的瓶子都回收利用。 2. Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity lack n.
25、when there is not enough of something, or none of it 缺乏；短缺缺乏；短缺 vt. to not have something that you need, or not have enough of it 没有没有; 缺缺乏乏 eg Her only problem is lack of confidence. Alexs real problem is that he lacks confidence. (翻译翻译) 她她唯一的问题是缺乏自信。唯一的问题是缺乏自信。 Alex的的真正问题真正问题是他缺是他缺乏信心。乏信心。 3. Astr
26、onauts have to use tapes to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise. otherwise adv. used when saying what bad thing will happen if something is not done 否否则，要不然则，要不然 eg Put your coat on, otherwise youll get cold. (翻译翻译) 穿上外套，不然你会感冒的。穿上外套，不然你会感冒的。 4.
27、Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system beyond prep. further away in the distance (than something) 在在更远处；超出更远处；超出 eg In the distance, beyond the river, was a small town. (翻译翻译) 在河对岸的远处有一座小镇。在河对岸的远处有一座小镇。 5. the current technology current adj. happening or existing now 现现在的，当前
28、的在的，当前的 eg The current situation is very different to that in 1990. (翻译翻译) 当前的形势与当前的形势与1990年截然不同。年截然不同。 6. Will scientists figure out a way to store sufficient food and water for the long journey? figure out: to think about a problem or situation until you find the answer or understand what has happ
29、ened 弄弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白懂；弄清楚；弄明白 eg Can you figure out how to do it? (翻译翻译) 你能想出怎么做吗？你能想出怎么做吗？ sufficient adj. as much as is needed for a particular purpose 足足够的；充足的够的；充足的 eg We need sufficient time to deal with the problem. (翻译翻译) 我们需要足够的时间来处理这个问题。我们需要足够的时间来处理这个问题。 Review the grammar in this lesson. Use the infinitives as the attribute and the adverbial to describe space facts and efforts to explore space (at least 5 sentences).
