1、 words 1. n.宇航员,太空人宇航员,太空人 2. n.程序,步骤,手续程序,步骤,手续 3. adj.精神的,思想的精神的,思想的 4. 厘米厘米 5. adj.有智慧的有智慧的:聪明的聪明的:有智力的有智力的 6. n.火箭,火箭弹火箭,火箭弹 7. n.重力,引力重力,引力 8. n. 边境,国界边境,国界 9. n.交通工具,车辆交通工具,车辆 10. n.字宙字宙:天地万物天地万物 11. adj.有决心的有决心的:意志坚定的意志坚定的 12. v.查明,确定,决定查明,确定,决定 13. n.人造卫星,卫星人造卫星,卫星 14. vt.氧气氧气 phrases carryo
2、n继续做,坚持干继续做,坚持干 on board在宇宙飞船上在宇宙飞船上;在船上在船上;在飞机上在飞机上 in the hope of doing sth.抱着抱着.的希望的希望 so as to (do sth.)为了为了 ;以便以便 solar system太阳系太阳系;类太阳系类太阳系 figure out弄懂弄懂;弄清楚弄清楚;弄明白弄明白 result in导致导致;造成造成 as a result所以所以;结果结果(是是) provide for sb.提供生活所需提供生活所需 in closing最后最后 run out用完用完;耗尽耗尽 language points 1. m
3、oral adj.道德的道德的;道义上的道义上的n.品行品行;道德道德;寓意寓意 the moral of . .的道德教训的道德教训/寓意寓意 its moral to do 做做.是合乎道德的是合乎道德的 a moral tale 一个道德故事一个道德故事 a moral person 有道德的人有道德的人 a moral judgement道德判断道德判断 moral standards道德标准道德标准 2. To a person nothing is more precious than their life .(翻译)(翻译) . 句中句中nothing is more preci
4、ous than. 为为“否定词十形容词否定词十形容词/副词比较副词比较 级级+ than.”结构,此处用比较级结构表示结构,此处用比较级结构表示 的含义。的含义。 最高级意义的多种表达法最高级意义的多种表达法: (1)否定词否定词+形容词形容词/副词比较级副词比较级( + than) (2)否定词否定词+so/as+形容词形容词/副词原级副词原级+ as all the other +名词复数名词复数 (3)比较级比较级+than+ the other+名词复数名词复数 any other+名词单数名词单数 any of the other +名词复数名词复数 anything/anyone
5、 else 对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加宝贵的了。对一个人来说,没有什么比他们的生命更加宝贵的了。 最高级最高级 3. carry through帮助帮助.渡过难关渡过难关;顺利实现顺利实现 carry on继续继续;坚持坚持 carry on with sth/ doing sth继续做某事继续做某事 carry out实行实行;执行执行;进行进行;履行履行(诺言、义务等诺言、义务等) carry off赢得赢得;获得获得(奖品、荣誉等奖品、荣誉等) 4. majority n.大部分大部分;大多数大多数 minority n.极少数,小部分极少数,小部分 a/ the minor
6、ity of be in the/ a minority 占少数占少数 be in the/ a majority占多数资占多数资 a/ the majority of大多数大多数 5. complain v.抱怨抱怨;控诉控诉 complaint n.诉苦诉苦;抱怨抱怨;牢骚牢骚 complain to sb.about /of sth向某人抱怨某事向某人抱怨某事 6. respond vt. 回答回答;回复回复vi.做出反应做出反应;回应回应 respond to . with sth/ by doing sth 通过通过(做做)某事对某事对.做出反应做出反应/给出回复给出回复 in re
7、sponse to 作为答复作为答复/回应回应. response n.回答回答;反应反应 make (no) response to. .对对.不予不予/给予回答变式训练给予回答变式训练 7. appoint vt.任命任命;委派委派 appointment n.约定约定 appoint sb (as/to be). .任命某人为任命某人为. appoint sb to do sth委派某人做某事委派某人做某事 by appointment按照约定按照约定 make an appointment with sb与某人预约与某人预约/约会约会 8. elect vt.选举选举;推选推选 ele
8、ction n.选举选举;当选当选 elect to do sth决定决定/选择干某事选择干某事 elect sb to be/as.选某人为选某人为. 9. tend vt.照顾照顾;照料照料;护理护理vi.倾向倾向;趋于趋于 tendency n.倾向倾向;趋势趋势倾向倾向 于做某事于做某事;易于做某事易于做某事 tend (to) sb. 照看照看/护理某人护理某人 tend to/towards sth. 倾向于某事物倾向于某事物 10. assist vt.帮助帮助;协助协助 assistance n.帮助帮助;援助援助 assistant n.助手助手;助理助理 be of ass
9、istance有帮助有帮助 assist + n. / pron.帮助帮助. assist sb with sth帮助某人某事帮助某人某事;协助某人某事协助某人某事 assist sb in doing sth帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事;协助某人做某事协助某人做某事 assist sb to do sth帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事 11. in memory of 作为对作为对.的纪念的纪念 have a good/bad memory for .记忆力好记忆力好/差差 in favor of 支持支持 in praise of 赞扬赞扬 in need of 需要需要 in place
10、of 代替代替 reading “Are we alone? Whats out there?” Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space, and scientists work hard to find answers. “我们是否孤独?太空以外是什么?我们是否孤独?太空以外是什么?” 仰望星空,人们一直想更多仰望星空,人们一直想更多 地了解太空,科学家们也在努力寻找答案。地了解太空,科学家们也在努力寻找答案。 They make vehicles to carry brave
11、people into space to find out the secrets of the universe. They also really wish to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life. 他们制造运载勇敢的人儿进入太空的交通工具来探索宇宙的秘密。他们制造运载勇敢的人儿进入太空的交通工具来探索宇宙的秘密。 他们也非常希望发现其他适合生命存在的行星。他们也非常希望发现其他适合生命存在的行星。 Before the mid-20th century, most people felt tra
12、velling into space was an impossible dream. However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. 在在20世纪中叶之前,大多数人都认为进入太空是不可能实现的梦想。世纪中叶之前,大多数人都认为进入太空是不可能实现的梦想。 然而,一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。然而,一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。 After many experiments, they succeeded in making r
13、ockets that could escape Earths gravity. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was lunched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. 经过多次实验,他们成功制造出能逃脱地球引力的火箭。经过多次实验,他们成功制造出能逃脱地球引力的火箭。1957年年10 月月4日,苏联发射了人造卫星日,苏联发射了人造卫星“旅伴一号旅伴一号”,并成功环绕地球运行。,并成功环绕地球运行。 Afterwards, the USSR focused on send
14、ing people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 此后,苏联将重点放在将人类送入太空,此后,苏联将重点放在将人类送入太空,1961年年4月月12日,尤里日,尤里加加 加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。 Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the mo
15、on, famously saying, “Thats one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” 八年后的八年后的1969年年7月月20日,美国宇航员尼尔日,美国宇航员尼尔阿姆斯特朗登上月球,阿姆斯特朗登上月球, 他说过一句名言:他说过一句名言:“对一个人来说,这是一小步;对于人类来说,对一个人来说,这是一小步;对于人类来说, 这是一次巨大飞跃。这是一次巨大飞跃。” Following this, many more goals were achieved.For example, Americas NASA space ag
16、ency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977 to study deep space, and it still transmitsdata today. 在此之后,又实现了更多的目标。例如,国家航空与航天局于在此之后,又实现了更多的目标。例如,国家航空与航天局于 1977年年9月月5日发射了日发射了“旅行者一号旅行者一号”,用于研究外太空,如今它,用于研究外太空,如今它 仍在传输数据。仍在传输数据。 Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still
17、 happen. All the astronauts on the USSRs Soyuz 11 and Americas Challenger died during their missions. 尽管科学家努力确保万无一失,但是意外还是可能发生。苏联尽管科学家努力确保万无一失,但是意外还是可能发生。苏联“联联 盟盟1111号号”和美国和美国“挑战者挑战者”号航天飞机上的所有宇航员都在执行任号航天飞机上的所有宇航员都在执行任 务时死亡。务时死亡。 These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed , but the desire to
18、explore the universe never died. This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但是探索宇宙的渴望却从未这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但是探索宇宙的渴望却从未 停止过。是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。停止过。是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。 An example of this ongoing work is the In
19、ternational Space Station. It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board, providing a continuous human presence in space. 仍在工作的一个例子是国际空间站。它绕地球运转,并有来自不同仍在工作的一个例子是国际空间站。它绕地球运转,并有来自不同 国家的宇航员在宇宙飞船上,为太空提供了持续的人类存在。国家的宇航员在宇宙飞船上,为太空提供了持续的人类存在。 Chinas space programme started later than
20、 those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. 中国的太空计划起步晚于俄罗斯和美国,但中国在短时间内取得了中国的太空计划起步晚于俄罗斯和美国,但中国在短时间内取得了 巨大进展。巨大进展。 China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5
21、 spacecraft. 2003年,杨利伟乘坐神舟五号成功绕地球飞行,中国成为世界上第年,杨利伟乘坐神舟五号成功绕地球飞行,中国成为世界上第 三个实现载人航天的国家。三个实现载人航天的国家。 Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. 此后,神舟六号和七号分别完成了第二次载人飞行以及中国人的第此后,神舟六
22、号和七号分别完成了第二次载人飞行以及中国人的第 一次太空行走,随后,一次太空行走,随后,“玉兔玉兔”月球车被送上月球研究其表面月球车被送上月球研究其表面 After that, China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou1 to dock with it. This signalled one step further in Chinas plan to establish a space station in the future. 之后,中国将天宫二号空间实验室送入太空,天舟一号与其交会对之后,中国将天宫二
23、号空间实验室送入太空,天舟一号与其交会对 接。这标志着中国在未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。接。这标志着中国在未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。 More recently, China has sent Change 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations. 最近,中国发射嫦娥四号探测月球背面,以进行测量和观察。最近,中国发射嫦娥四号探测月球背面,以进行测量和观察。 The future of space exploration remain
24、s bright. Europe, the US, and China all have plans to further study and explore planets like Mars and Jupiter. 太空探索的未来依然光明。欧洲、美国和中国都计划进一步研究和太空探索的未来依然光明。欧洲、美国和中国都计划进一步研究和 探索火星和木星等行星。探索火星和木星等行星。 Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the
25、universe began, but also help us survive well into the future. 尽管困难重重,科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的尽管困难重重,科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的 起源,而且还能帮助我们更好地在未来生存。起源,而且还能帮助我们更好地在未来生存。 grammar 阅读下列句子,注意红体部分的用法。阅读下列句子,注意红体部分的用法。 1. That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. 2. Dan
26、made1 break for hiscar only to find the driver s door locked. 第第1句中的句中的to play是不定式是不定式,作作game的的 。 第第2句中的句中的to ind是不定式,作是不定式,作 。 定语定语 结果状语结果状语 1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词.或者不定式所修饰的名词或代或者不定式所修饰的名词或代 词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。但词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。但 是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是 time、place
27、或或way时,不定式后面时,不定式后面 的介词习惯上省去。的介词习惯上省去。 Please give me a knife to cut with.请给我一把用来切的刀。请给我一把用来切的刀。 Here is some paper for you to write on.这里有一些纸给你写字。这里有一些纸给你写字。 He had no money and no place to live(in).他没有钱也没有地方住。他没有钱也没有地方住。 We found a way to solve this problem (in). 我们找方到了解决这个问题的方法。我们找方到了解决这个问题的方法。 2
28、.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时, 不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同。不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同。 Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗你有什么东西要寄吗? (不定式不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是“你你”) Have you anyhing to be sent ? 你有什么要你有什么要(我或别人我或别人)寄的东西吗寄的东西吗? (不定式不定式to be seat的动作执行者的动作执行者 是是“我我”或
29、或“别人别人”) 3.用不定式作定语的几种特殊用法。用不定式作定语的几种特殊用法。 (1)不定式表将来不定式表将来 I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 我借了一些书在假期里读。我借了一些书在假期里读。 (2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no、all、any等限定的中心词等限定的中心词 He was the best man to do the job. 他是做这项工作的最佳人选。他是做这项工作的最佳人选。 阅读下列句子阅读下列句子,注意动词不定式作状语的用法。注意动词不定式作状语的用法。 To prepare
30、 for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and ex-perimentation. 为了准备面对增强的自主性和责任感,大学有必要成为一个探索和为了准备面对增强的自主性和责任感,大学有必要成为一个探索和 实验的时期。实验的时期。 I hate it when she calls me at work- -Im always too busy to carry on a conversation with her. 我讨厌她在我工作时给我打电话一我总是太忙,不能和她交
31、谈。我讨厌她在我工作时给我打电话一我总是太忙,不能和她交谈。 通过观察以上句子通过观察以上句子,我们发现我们发现“too十形容词或副词十形容词或副词+ to do中的动词中的动词 不定式表示结果,含有否定的意义,意思是不定式表示结果,含有否定的意义,意思是“ ”; 有些表示心情或倾向的形容词如有些表示心情或倾向的形容词如anxious、eager、 glad、 happy 、 pleased及及willing等用于等用于to. to结构时结构时,不定式表示不定式表示 的意的意 义义,其中其中too的意义等于的意义等于very,可以在其前加可以在其前加only, but成成all等修饰词。等修饰
32、词。 动词不定式作目的状语位于句首时,可以用动词不定式作目的状语位于句首时,可以用in order to,但不能但不能 用用 :不定式位于句中时,上述两者均可用。不定式位于句中时,上述两者均可用。 太太.以致不能以致不能 肯定肯定 so as to 1.动词不定式可在句中作独立成分,不受句子其他部分的影响。常动词不定式可在句中作独立成分,不受句子其他部分的影响。常 见的表达有见的表达有to begin / start with首先首先”:to be brief简单地说简单地说,to be frank with you“坦白对你说坦白对你说; to be honest“诚实地说诚实地说”: to
33、 tell the truth老实说坦白说老实说坦白说”; to make matters worse“更糟糕的是更糟糕的是”; to sum up总之总之”; needless to say“不用说不用说。 I lost my way in complete darkness and, to make matters worse, it began to rain.黑暗中我迷路了,更为糟糕的是黑暗中我迷路了,更为糟糕的是,天下起了雨。天下起了雨。 To start with,I wish you a happy New Year.首先,祝您新年快乐。首先,祝您新年快乐。 2.动词不定式作后置
34、定语时,动词不定式的逻辑主语若为句子的主动词不定式作后置定语时,动词不定式的逻辑主语若为句子的主 语,动词不定式用主动形式,反之,则用被动形式。语,动词不定式用主动形式,反之,则用被动形式。 I am going to the supermarket. Do you have something to be bought, Mom? 我要去超市了,妈妈你有要买的东西吗我要去超市了,妈妈你有要买的东西吗? (bought 的逻辑主语是的逻辑主语是I, 而不是句子主语而不是句子主语you) 有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式或动名词皆可,但以下结构含有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式或动名词皆可,但以
35、下结构含 义截然不同,务必熟练掌握义截然不同,务必熟练掌握: 表达法表达法含义含义 forget to do sth忘记要去做某事忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth忘记做过某事忘记做过某事 remember to do sth记得要做某事记得要做某事 remember doing sth记得做过某事记得做过某事 regret to do sth很邀博要做某事很邀博要做某事 regret doing sth后悔做过某事后悔做过某事 stop to do sth停下来做另一件事停下来做另一件事 stop doing sth停止正在做的事停止正在做的事 表达法表达法含义含义 try t
36、o do sth努力努力/试图做某事试图做某事 try doing sth尝试做某事尝试做某事 mean to do sth打算做某事打算做某事 mean doing sth意味着做某事意味着做某事 go on to do sth接着做另一件事接着做另一件事 go on doing sth继续做原来的事继续做原来的事 cant help to do sth不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth情不自禁做某事情不自禁做某事 be used to do sth被用于做某事被用于做某事 be used to doing sth习惯于做某事习惯于做某事 1:单句填空单句填
37、空. (1)Tired and short of breath,Andy was the first person (reach) the top of Mount Tai. (2)Xu Haifeng was the first Chinese man (win)the gold medal in the Olympic Games. (3)He told me he hed a composition (write). (4)I think he will have a chance (go) to his hometown. (5)She has no time (see) the fi
38、lm The Wandering Earth. (6)He got up earlier so as (get) to school on time. to reach to win to write to go to see to get I.用括号内所给词的正确形式完成下面的短文用括号内所给词的正确形式完成下面的短文 People in many countries like to celebrate the carnival. Dancing can be seen and laughing can be heard in New Orleans, Rio de Janeiro, and
39、 most citis in Spain. The residents of these cities expect to spend months (practice) their rouines in“samba schools. In Rio de Janeiro,most the citizens take a long time (make) costumes and prepare foats(彩车彩车) for the carnivals parade. Each float has a theme. The costumes are designed (match) this
40、theme, and original dances are arranged to represent this idea. It sounds like fun, but its really hard work (organize) all of these. Practicing takes up more time each day as the carnival approaches.In New Orleans, residents compete (name) king of a float. Competition is fierce, and future kings ar
41、e required ( prove) that they have enough money topayfor the Crewe. Building the Crewe and designing and paying for costumes are all part of the kings job. practicing to make to match to organize to be named to prove 单句填空单句填空 1. Im very busy this week and cant afford (see) two films. 2. Helen had to
42、 shout (make) herself heard above the sound of the music. 3. This company was the first ( produce) portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders inthe world. 4. Will you lend him a magazine ( read)? 5. When we hurried to the station, there happened (be) no bus at that time. 6. With a lot of dif
43、ficult problems (settle), the newly elected president is having a hard time. to see to make to produce to read to be to settle 同义句转换同义句转换 1. He was so angry that he couldnt say anything. -He was too angry anything. 2. He said he would write a letter. -He said he would have a letter . 3. That you rea
44、d English in the morning is very important. It is very important you English in the morning. to read to write forto read 4. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. - He was strong the stone. 5. His father went to Beijing for his holiday. - His father went to Beijing his holiday. 6. They got u
45、p early so that they could get there in time. - They got up early there in time. 7. His brother decided that he would buy the book. -His brother decided the book. enough to lift to spend to get to buy writing Writing 最近你班同学就最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激这个问题进行了激 烈的讨论。有人认为,探索宇宙不仅能让人类更好地了解宇
46、宙的发烈的讨论。有人认为,探索宇宙不仅能让人类更好地了解宇宙的发 展,还可以用来指导农业生产,以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用展,还可以用来指导农业生产,以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用 于现实生活于现实生活; ;也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力、物力,也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力、物力, 影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇议论文并发表自影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇议论文并发表自 己的观点。己的观点。 注意注意:1.:1.词数词数120120左右左右; ; 2. 2.可适当增加细节可适当增加细节, ,以使行文连贯。以使行文连贯。 Writing Recen
47、tly,students in our class have had a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. 30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile, They think space is too far away from us and our daily life. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earths problems such as starvation
48、and pollution. On the other hand, 70% think spaceis worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it, such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. Whats more, with further space research, we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also, space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.