1、1 1commit vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、 活动等)committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 commitment n承诺； 交托；信奉 2distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的distinction n差别；区分；卓 著 3. acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、 权威等)； (公开)感谢acknowledgement n 承 认 4conclude vt. 推断出；得出结论；使结束vi.结束；终止conclusion n结 论；推论；结束 5. apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的appa
2、rently adv.显而易见； 看来；显然 6. science n科学scientist n科学家scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学 的 7. academy n(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校academic adj.学业的；学术的 8. object n物体；对象；宗旨objective n目标；目的adj. 客观的 9. botany n植物学botanical adj.植物学的 1defeat n失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜；使困惑；难住 Our football team defeated theirs this time. vt.击败；战胜 We
3、 had two defeats this year.n失败；挫败 This kind of problems always defeats me.vt.使困惑；难住 2conclude vt. 推断出；得出结论；使结束 vi.结束；终止 The meeting concluded at ten oclock.vi.结束； 终止 When you didnt arrive, we concluded that the car had broken down. vt.推断出 2 They concluded their research with these words.vt.使结束 3. bo
4、il vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n沸腾；沸点 Water boils at 100 degrees centigrade. vi.沸腾 Boil some water for us, please! vt.煮开；烧开 Just before the milk comes to the boil, turn down the heat. n沸腾；沸点 4. obtain vt. (尤指努力)获得；赢得；学会 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 The custom still obtains in some districts. vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 It is nece
5、ssary to obtain the patients permission. vt.(尤指努力)获得 He obtained a knowledge of Latin.vt.学 会 Words and Phrases 知识要点 1 vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 (教材 P2)Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria. 青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分 例 1His vital and cheerful manner filled the whole team with co
6、urage. 他那充满生机、欢快的态度使整个队伍充满了勇气。 例 2It is vital that we should be kept informed of all developments. 重要的是我们必须熟悉所有的发展情况。 知识拓展 be vital to.对很重要 It is vital to do sth.做某事是很重要的 It is vital that.是十分重要的(that 从句中要用虚 拟语气，即 should do, should 可以省略) 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 3 Consideration for other people is vital to al
7、l of us. Its vital that we (should) carry (carry)out the operation immediately. It is vital to protect(protect)wild animals. 旅游业对西班牙经济至关重要。 Tourism is vital to the Spanish economy. 知识要点 2 commit vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于；全心全意投 入(工作、活动等) (教材 P2)Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in
8、Ningbo, China，on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. 屠呦呦，一位坚定而有耐心的科学家，1930 年 12 月 30 日出生于中国宁波， 1955 年毕业于北京大学医学院。 例 1We are committed to improving services. 我们承诺改善服务。 例 2Nobody was prepared to commit themselves. 谁都不愿作出承诺。 知识拓展 (1)commit.to把送交/托付给； 对作出承诺，承担义务
9、， 担负责任；使(自己)致力于 commit oneself to do/to doing. 承诺；保证做 commit a crime犯罪 (2)committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 commitment n.承诺；委托；承担义务 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 The boy was committed(commit)to the care of his aunt yesterday. He has committed himself to the cause of education. He has committed himself to support(suppor
10、t)them. The President is committed to reforming(reform)health care. 4 不管怎样，她都不想作出承诺。 She didnt want to commit herself one way or the other. 小片段填空 Also, be totally committed to what you do, as excellence is only possible with commitment 此外，完全致力于你所做的事，因为只有完全付出才可能达到卓越。 知识要点 3 evaluate vt.评价；评估 (教材 P2)H
11、er team examined over 2，000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280， 000 plants for their medical properties. 她的团队查看了 2 000 多本古老的医学文献，并对 28 万种植物的药用性能 进行了评估。 例 1I cant evaluate his ability without seeing his work. 我没有看到他的工作情况， 无法评估他的能力。 例 2The school has only been open for six months, so its hard to eva
12、luate its success. 该学校仅开办了六个月， 所以还很难估计它的成就。 知识拓展 (1)evaluate sb.on/by根据评价某人 (2)evaluation n.估计；评价 make an evaluation of对进行评估 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 We must evaluate her ability on/by her work. We must evaluate(evaluate)the consequences caused by the fire. We must make an evaluation(evaluate)of the conseque
13、nces caused by the fire. 这项证据应当仔细地评定。 The evidence should be carefully evaluated 小片段填空 At present, there exist some problems in the evaluation of teachers.Schools should perfect the means of evaluation and improve evaluating level. 当前教师评价中存在着一些弊端，学校应针对存在的问题，完善评价方法， 5 提高评价水平。 知识要点 4 obtain vt. (尤指经努力
14、)获得；赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在； 流行 (教材 P2)They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. 然后他们试着把新鲜的苦艾煮开，用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不 管用。 例 1Different laws obtain in different places. 不同的法律存在于不同的地方。 例 2As far as Im concerned, what he had don
15、e obtained him respect. 在我看来，他的所作所为为他赢得了荣誉。 知识拓展 obtain knowledge/ones degree获得知识/学位 obtain sb.sth.obtain sth.for sb. 给某人带来某物 obtain sth.by doing sth.通过做某事获得 某物 obtain sth.from sb./sth.从某人/物获得某物 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 The value of a person can be obtained(obtain)by relative evaluation. Her successful perfo
16、rmance obtained great honour for her. Details can be obtained from the Department of Education. 这种信息从互联网上很容易获得。 Such information is easily obtained from the Internet. 知识要点 5 acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 (教材 P2)However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. 然而，屠呦呦并不接受失败。 例 1He acknowledged hav
17、ing made a mistake. 他承认做错了。 例 2I acknowledged him as an expert. 我视他为专家。 6 知识拓展 (1)acknowledge (doing/having done)sth. 承认(做了)某事 acknowledge sb./sth.to be/as 承认某人/某物是 acknowledge that.承认 Its generally/universally/widely acknowledged that. 大家公认 (2)acknowledgement n.承认；感谢；谢礼 即学即练单句语法填空/句型转换 She is ackno
18、wledged to be(be)one of the best singers in the world. With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge stealing/having stolen (steal)the ladys purse. I was sent a free copy in acknowledgement (acknowledge)of my contribution. People widely acknowledge that students should be evaluated in terms of o
19、verall qualities. It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall qualities. 知识要点 6 ( 教 材 P2)She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. 她的结论是，煮沸青蒿显然破坏了它的医疗特性。 (1)conclude vt. 推断出；得出结论；使结束vi.结束；终止 例 1We concluded not to w
20、ait any more. 我们决定不再等了。 例 2The doctors concluded that he had suffered a stroke. 医生诊断他中风了。 知识拓展 (1)conclude.from.从中推断出 conclude (from sth.)that. (从某事中)推断出； 7 (从某事中)断定 conclude sth.with./by doing. 以结束 (2)conclusion n.结论；推论；结束 draw/reach/come to/arrive at a/the conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion最后；总之；总而言之 即
21、学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawafinal conclusion(conclude). In conclusion, I would like to say the film Born in China is worth seeing. She concluded her performance with a poem. What can we conclude from the conversation? 你从所有这一切当中得出了什么结论？ What do you conclude from all this?
22、联想助记 完成下列表示“最后；总而言之”的其他表达： in a wordin briefall in allin shorton the whole 小片段填空 The seventh chapter is a conclusionThe author stated the full texts key points and concluded this articles study conclusion 第七章是结论，作者综述了全文要点，并得出了本文的研究结论。 (2)apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 例 1He was apparently much surprised
23、at the news. 他对这个消息显然感到十分惊讶。 例 2The child nodded, apparently content with the promise. 孩子点了点头，看来他对这个许诺还满意。 知识拓展 (1)As is apparently shown/stated in the picture/chart/passage above. 正如上面图画/图表/文中明显展示/陈述的那样 8 (2)apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的 It is apparent that.显然 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 As is apparently shown i
24、n the chart above, there are about 10% students supporting the idea. He paused, apparently(apparent)lost in thought. Soon, it was apparent to everyone that he couldnt sing. 显然他从那里什么也看不见。 Apparently he could see nothing from there. 知识要点 7 insist on 坚决要求 ( 教 材 P3)Tu Youyou and her team members even in
25、sisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. 屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在他们自己身上测试药物， 以确保它是安全 的。 例 1He insisted on his demand. 他坚持他的要求。 例 2She insisted on her mothers living with her. 她坚持要她母亲和她住在一起。 知识拓展 (1)insist on/upon (doing)sth.坚决要求(做)某事 (2)在“insistthat.”结构中，当 insist 作“坚持主张，坚决要
26、求”讲时， 其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should 可以省略。当 insist 作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子 The manager insisted on the work being done(do)in two hours. He insisted on/upon walking me to the station to see me off. He insisted that the problem (should)be discussed (discuss)at the meeting
27、. 她坚持立刻就走。 She insisted on leaving at once. Sentence Patterns 9 重点句式 1 过去分词作定语 (教材 P2)In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. 1967 年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，
28、屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。 句式分析：过去分词 chosen 作名词 researchers 的后置定语，相当于定语从 句 that were chosen 的省略。 例 1The experience gained will give you more confidence to help your customers. 获得的经验会给你更多的信心去帮助你的客户。 例 2There are many beautifully decorated houses in this rich area. 这个富人区有许多装饰精美的房子。 知识拓展 (1)过去分词作定语时通常与所修饰的名词构成被动
29、关系，或表示动作已完 成。 (2)过去分词还可以在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。 此时过去分词通常与句子的主语构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。 即学即练单句语法填空/句型转换 Given(give)a lot of money, he lived a better life. Used(use)with care, one tin will last for six weeks. The teacher came in, followed(follow)by a group of students. The meeting which was held yesterday i
30、s of great importance. The meeting held yesterday is of great importance. 重点句式 2 upon/on doing.当时；一就 (教材 P3)Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize. 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时 句式分析：upon/on doing.当时；一就，相当于 as soon as 引 导的时间状语从句。 例 1Upon seeing her, I smiled and ran toward her. 10 一看到她，我就笑着向她跑去了。 例
31、2On his return from Japan, Prof.Li went directly to his laboratory and started working with his colleagues. 李教授刚一从日本回来就到他的实验室，开始和他的同事们一道工作起来。 知识拓展 (1)一些表示短暂性动作的动词，如：arrive, return, reach, hear, see, receive, enter, step, get, recognize, leave 等，它们相应的名词形式或动名词形式用在 upon 或 on 之后可表达“一就”。 (2)某些 at 引导的介词短语
32、可用来表达“一就” ， 如： at the sight of(一 看 到 ) ； at the thought of( 一 想 到 ) ； at the sound of( 一 听 到 ) ； at the first opportunity/chance(一有机会)等。 (3)在名词minute, moment和instant前加上定冠词the也可以引导时间状语从 句来表达“一就” 。它们后面可以加 that，含义不变。 (4)可用副词 immediately 和 directly 来表达“一就”。这时，它们 所起的作用相当于连词，引导时间状语从句。这种用法主要用在英式英语及口语 中。 即学
33、即练单句语法填空/句型转换 Immediately(immediate)he arrived, he started telling us what to do. At the sight of the police officer the thief ran off. Ill tell him the minute (that)he gets here. As soon as he went out of the room, Jack heard his cellphone ringing. On/Upon going out of the room, Jack heard his cell
34、phone ringing. 1This years Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (cowinner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. 分析主句后 whose 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为 Tu Youyou， 其中名词短语 a crucial new treatment for malaria 是 artemisinin 的同位
35、语。 译文今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研 究发现了青蒿素，这是一种治疗疟疾的关键新药。 11 2They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. 分析句中 but 连接表示转折关系的并列句，第一个分句中 and 连接表示 顺承关系的两个并列的动词ing 形式作动词 tried 的宾语； 过去分词短语 obtained from this 作名词 liquid 的
36、后置定语。 译文然后他们试着把新鲜的苦艾煮开，用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾， 但这也不管用。 教材高考 1.Theythentriedboilingfresh wormwood ， and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria， but this did not work either. (2020全国卷)Carle Pieters， a scientist at Brown University，says， “because it means we have the chance to obtain information a
37、bout how the moon is constructed.” 2.She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. (20207月浙江卷)I couldnt see Don， but as I approached the tractor he jumped out onto the road，apparently unhurt，and dashed back to me. 3.Artemisinin has become a vital part of
38、the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100， 000 lives a year in Africa alone. (2019 天 津 卷 )Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation. 4.Her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280，000 plants for their medical properties. (2
39、019 全 国 卷 )First,you needto evaluate yourself,yourvalues ， your strengths,yourweaknesses，your achievements, your desires，etc. 5.However,TuYouyouwouldnot acknowledge defeat. (2019全国卷 )Her years of hard work have finally been acknowledged after a customernominated( 提 名 )hertobe Cheshires Woman Of The
40、Year. 6.She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyedits (2019 北 京 卷 )They conclude that when taskinterdependenceishigh,team 12 medical properties.performance will suffer when there is too much talent. .单句语法填空 1. Food and energy are vital to the livelihood, development and stabi
41、lity of all nations. 2She is acknowledged(acknowledge)as an expert on the subject now. 3Six soldiers are reported to have died from their wounds. 4Three professors were asked to make an evaluation (evaluate)of the teaching plan. 5She has committed herself to go(go)at once. 6I asked him to stay for a
42、 while, but he insisted on leaving(leave)at once. 7Upon his arrival/arriving(arrive)at the spot, he found that the gypsies had gone. 8He continued to place safety above all other objectives(objective). 9The teacher tried his best to analyse(analyse)the cause of our failure. 10The general began to wo
43、rk out his plan for defeating(defeat)the enemy. .短语填空 die from, in the beginning, by chance, draw out, commit oneself to, insist on, risk ones life, lead to 1I must go.I have committed myself to the club tonight and the members are expecting me. 2The teacher insisted on all the homework being handed
44、 in on Monday. 3The fireman risked his life to save the baby from the burning building. 4In given conditions, a bad thing can lead to good results. 5In a severe winter, wild animals can die from lack of food. 6 “No one does very well at this in the beginning， ” said the counselor. 7I met a famous ac
45、tor by chance on the street. 8He drew out his notebook and began to take notes. .课文语法填空 In 2015, Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine 13 because she discovered artemisinin, which is a vital 1.treatment(treat)for malaria. Tu Youyou was born in Ningbo, China，in 1930 and 2.g
46、raduated(graduate)from Peking University Medical School in 1955.In 1967, she, together with a team of 3.scientists(scientist), began to discover a new treatment for malaria.In 1969, as the head of the project, she decided 4.to find(find)traditional botanical treatments for the disease from ancient C
47、hinese medical texts.She got an inspiration from one medical text of the fourth century, which suggested 5.using(use)the extract from sweet wormwoodtotreatafever.Atfirstherteamtestedacollectionof 6.dried(dry)wormwood leaves but it didnt work.Then they tried boiling fresh wormwood 7.but had no effect
48、, either.However, she didnt acknowledge defeat and finally found a different way to treat the wormwood.She drew out the extract from the wormwood8.atalowertemperatureandfoundasubstancethat worked.9.Luckily(lucky), her team finally succeeded in 1971 and the medicine ， 10.which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
