1、高中英语选必一Unit 1课本知识【重点单词拓展】mitted adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的commit vt.承诺;保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)commitment n.投入;承诺2.conclusion n.结论;推论conclude v.下结论;得出结论3.acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢acknowledgment/acknowledgement n.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢4.gentle adj.温柔的;文静的gently adv.温柔地;温和地5.boil vt.&vi.(使)沸腾;煮开;烧开n.沸
2、腾;沸点boiled adj.煮开的boiling adj.沸腾的6.remarkable adj.非凡的;显著的remarkably adv.惊人地remark v.&n.谈论;评论7.consequence n.结果;后果consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的consequently adv.结果;因此8.evaluate vt.评价;评估evaluation n.评价;评估9.apparently adv.显而易见;看来;显然apparent adj.显而易见的;明显的10.gradually adv.逐渐地;逐步地gradual adj.逐渐的11.analyse vt.
3、分析analyst n.分析师;分析家analysis n.分析(pl.) analyses12.scientific adj.科学(上)的;关于科学的scientifically adv.合乎科学地science n.科学scientist n.科学13.vital adj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的vitally adv.极其14.theory n.理论;学说theoretical adj.理论上的15.novelist n.小说家novel n.(长篇)小说16.politician n.从政者;政治家;政客politics n.政治political adj.与政治有关的17.
4、relativity n.相对论;相对性relative adj.相对的n.亲戚relate v.叙述;使有联系;有关联18.infer vt.推断;推定inference n.推断;推论inferred/inferred/inferring (过去式/过去分词/现在分词)19.passion n.酷爱;激情passionate adj.热情的;狂热的20.academy n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校academic adj.学业的;学术的academically adv.学业上;学术上21.botanical adj.植物学的botany n.植物学22.objecti
5、ve n.目标;目的adj.客观的object n.物体v.反对(反) subjective adj.主观的23.distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的distinctive adj.独特的;特别的;有特色的distinction n.清楚;清晰词缀记忆法:名词后缀sion/ssion表示性质或行为等conclude 下结论conclusion 结论decide 决定decision 决定explode 爆炸explosion 爆炸expand 扩张;增加expansion 扩张;增加extend 延伸extension 延伸admit 准许;承认admission 准许加入per
6、mit 允许permission 允许【词块和短语】P2make a great discovery 有重大发现form a good impression of 对.产生好印象award sth to sb / award sb sth 授予某人某物lead to/ result in/ bring about 致使;导致die from / of 死于a vital part of .极其重要的一部分a committed and patient scientist 一位坚定有耐心的科学家with the objective / aim/ purpose / goal of 以.为目标th
7、e head of 领导/负责人traditional treatments for / of 的传统治疗方法medical properties 药性a collection of 一群 一批obtain sth from sb/ sth 从某人/某物获得某物get stuck 陷入僵局;卡住acknowledge / admit defeat 认输P3draw out 提取;取出insist on/upon坚决要求test sth on sb 在某人身上测试某物upon/on doing 一就other than 除.以外the key to 的关键/钥匙be considered (to
8、 be / as) sth 被认为是某物P4relate to 涉及be quite distinct from 完全不同于make/ draw a distinction between.and区分.和stand up to 能承受;经受住;耐.wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗commit oneself to sth 致力于某事come to/arrive at/draw/ reach a conclusion得出结论be acknowledged as 被认为是It strikes sb that .某人突然想到P5be impressed by / with 对
9、.印象深刻in power 执政beyond sbs control 某人无法掌握/无法控制under construction 在建设中with the help / aid / assistance of sb /with sbs help / aid/ assistance 在某人的帮助下P6make great advancement in在.领域取得重大发展give/express/offer/voice opinions on sth就某事表达主张P7Hang on a second 等一下。for a moment 片刻;一会儿serve as 充当;担当a role model
10、 榜样make a contribution to 对.做出贡献P8a courageous and kind figure一位勇敢善良的人obtain exceptional scores 获得优异的成绩manage to do sth 设法做到某事out of a strong passion for出于对.的强烈热爱come to power (开始)掌权;上台as a consequence 因此;所以take up a position 担任;任职see/view sb/sth as sth 把某人/某物看作某物stand on end 倒/竖立起来P9mistake .for 把.
11、错当成.It is reported that 据报道pass away 去世apart/ aside from 除.外(尚有);除.外(别无)remarkable achievements 非凡的成就sum up 总结;概括P10under/ in no circumstances 决不;无论如何不in office 执政;任职a struggle /fight for 为做斗争put forward many advanced ideas 提出许多先进的想法bring sb together使某人团结起来;把某人召集起来in particular 尤其;特别under sbs contro
12、l/ under the control of sb 被某人控制;由某人管理P11be born to/into/of sth 出生于某种境况(家庭等)draw on 利用;动用(信息;知识;经验等)open up a new world to sb 为某人打开新世界P12play a(n) .role in 在中起.作用succeed in doing sth 成功做了某事【教材金句】1.Try to become not a man of success, but try rather to become a man of value.Albert Einstein(P1) 不要为成功而努
13、力，要为做一个有价值的人而努力。阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦2.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine.” (P3改) 获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说:“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。3.Lu Xun, acknowledged as one of the greatest modern writers in China, was born in Shaoxing.(P4改)鲁迅出生在绍兴，被公认为是中国最伟大的现代作家之一。4.Its on the tip of
14、 my tongue.(P7) 话就在嘴边。5.He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2.(P8)他为世界做出了许多贡献，最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E=mc2。6.He was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.(P8改) 他是一个广受爱戴的善良、勇敢的人。7In the beginning，Tu
15、 Youyou went to Hainan，where malaria was more common，to study malaria patients.在开始的时候，屠呦呦去了海南研究疟疾患者，在那里疟疾较为普遍。8Later，the medicine was tested on malaria patients，most of whom recovered.后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大多数患者都康复了。9It is indeed an honour for Chinas scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spre
16、ad around the world.中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。10He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.他留着浓密的胡须和长长的白发，有时白发挺立，就好像刚遭了电击【写作素材】读后续写精彩结尾画面定格人物动作的画面定格&特殊寓意的写景画面1）人物动作的画面定格例文1：母女情深的画面They stood there for a moment, side by sid
17、e, waiting for the rushing holiday current and for their place in it.Then the daughter glanced over and momentarily regarded her mother.And slowly, almost reluctantly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mothers shoulders and gently guided her back into the deluge.她们
18、并肩站在那里，等待着节日的浪潮，等待着她们在浪潮中的位置。然后女儿扫了一眼，立刻注视着她的母亲。慢慢地，几乎是不情愿地，带着明显不习惯的爱她把胳膊放在她母亲的肩膀上，轻轻地引导她回到洪水中。例文2：妈妈收到儿子的礼物后感动的场景His hard work paid off! Holding the soda tin firmly, Reuben rushed for the shop to buy the brooch.The moment he got the beautiful brooch, he burst through the front door and placed it in
19、 Doras hand.Never had Dora received such a gift.Speechless and happy, she held her son tightly into her arms, with tears welling up in her eyes.他的努力得到了回报！鲁本紧紧地握着汽水罐，冲向商店去买胸针。他一拿到那枚漂亮的胸针，就冲进前门，把它放在朵拉的手里。多拉从来没有收到过这样的礼物。她高兴得说不出话来，紧紧地把儿子抱在怀里，眼泪涌了出来。例文3.Butterfly 重新变回蝴蝶后和爱人朋友愉快享受生活的画面The butterfly cleane
20、d her tears on the face，“No.” God felt a bit relieved and said，“Tomorrow you can become human again.” But she shook her head and said, “No, I want to be a butterfly for the rest of my life.” Then the butterfly would stay together with her lover forever.On the top of the mountain, she seemed to enjoy
21、 the sunrise and the sunset happily with them.蝴蝶擦干了脸上的眼泪，说，“不。”上帝松了一口气，说。“明天你就可以变回人类了。”但她摇了摇头说，“不，我想做一辈子蝴蝶.”然后蝴蝶就会永远和她的爱人在一起。在山顶上，她似乎和他们一起快乐地享受着日出和日落。2）特殊寓意的写景画面定格例文1.黎明到来的画面The sky was a billion pure eyes of light and the grass green underfoot, it was as if night and day had become one beautiful mo
22、ment.Dawn had come.天空像是十亿只纯净的眼睛拼接在一起，脚下是青草，仿佛黑夜和白昼已成为一个美丽的时刻。黎明已经来临。例文2.黎明到来的画面Dawn sent shimmering rays over the placid ocean, bestowing a golden path from the shore to the horizon.黎明在平静的海面上放射出出闪闪发亮的光线，留下一条从海岸到地平线横亘而过的金色道路。例文3.日落时的画面The crystal and cerulean water was gentle as I waded through it, t
23、he sunset like orange paint on a blue canvas.当我涉过水晶般天蓝色的轻柔的水时，日落就像蓝色画布上的橙色颜料。例文4.日落时的画面The lingering sunlight was obliterated by the rapidly falling night，resembling a pitch-black curtain draped over the sky.逗留在天际的最后一缕阳光被迅速落下的夜幕擦除，就像是天空被一层漆黑的幕布覆盖。例文5.描写夜空的画面The moon under siege by stars seemed to li
24、ghten the night bringing forth stars that shone and hung in the blackness.The never ending blackness consumed everything.被群星围困的月亮似乎照亮了黑夜，带来了在黑暗中闪耀和悬挂着的群星。无尽的黑暗吞噬了一切。例文6.特殊寓意Looking up, I saw the sun shine brighter than I ever knew before.I saw a tree in the distance glisten gently as it reflected th
25、e suns rays.My consciousness ebbed away with the heat.I took a few blinks before I landed with a thud.抬头一看，我看到太阳比我以前所知道的还要明亮。我看见远处有一棵树反射着太阳光，发出柔和的光辉。我的意识随着热度而衰退。我眨了眨眼，然后摔倒在地才猛然回到现实中，恢复了知觉。（特殊寓意）例文7.神话般美丽的夜空画面Dotted with glittering stars, the sky, midnight blue, gave the scene a fairytale quality.缀满星
26、光的天空，午夜的蓝色，给了这一场景一个童话般的质量。例文8.雨后清新的画面Kissed by the rain and glistening, the wet ground is cold under foot.A dense earthly sweet smell rises from the ground, enveloping everything within its soft embrace.潮湿的地面走起来很冷，被雨水亲吻后闪闪发光。一股浓郁的泥土般的香味从地上升起，把一切都包裹在它柔软的怀抱里。例文9.雨水来临的画面The rain drummed on the window,
27、bidding farewell to the last beam of sunlight.雨水打着窗户，向最后一缕阳光告别。例文10.描写落叶的画面The leaves crunched beneath my feet as I strolled down the street.Occasionally, one would fall past me, lightly swaying as the air gently carried it to the ground.我在街上漫步时，树叶在我脚下嘎吱作响。偶尔，有叶子会从我身边掉下来，轻轻地摇晃，缓缓落到到地面。【必背语法】Grammar
28、定语从句一、定语从句的种类根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。观察例句1.This is the computer (that/which)he bought for his son yesterday.这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。2.I will show you to the supermarket where you can find everything you want.我会带你去一家超市，在那里你能找到你想要的一切东西。3.He is English, which I know from his accent.他是英国人，那
29、是我通过他的口音知道的。4.This is our headmaster, who I think has something important to tell you.这是我们的校长，我认为他有一些重要的事情要告诉你。归纳用法限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, as；关系副词有where, when, why。非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只
30、是对先行词或主句做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。即学即练1用适当的关系词填空 Holly， is from Australia, has a good command of Chinese.The dictionary， our teacher bought yesterday, is helpful to us.I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this
31、 book and know my feelings for her. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.Davis wanted to visit the farm the seawater rice was grown.【答案】1.who 2.which 3.when 4.which 5.where二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1形式不同观察例句Here is the man who
32、has been punished by the boss.这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句)The project, which lasted three years, cost no less than $1 billion.这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句)归纳用法限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。2先行词不同观察例句This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是novel)The novel, which I read
33、last night, is very interesting.我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词为novel)The novel is very interesting, which makes me very excited.那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容)归纳用法限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。3关系词的使用情况不同(1)that, why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句观察例句Most people didnt vote for him,
34、which disappointed him.大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他失望。I have told them the reason, for which I changed my mind.我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。归纳用法指物时要用which代替that, for which代替why。(2)关系代词替代情况不同观察例句This is the man (whom/who/that)we are talking about.这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to im
35、press.这个年轻人新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下印象。(非限制性定语从句)She has a younger brother, who is an English teacher.她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。归纳用法关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用that引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。(3)关系代词省略情况不同观察例句This is a good film (which/that)I saw a few days ago.这是我几天
36、前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句)The summer holiday, which were looking forward to, is drawing near.我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句)归纳用法关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。即学即练2用适当的关系词填空Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected.The exact year Angela and her family spent toget
37、her in China was 2018. Can you tell me the reason he was absent yesterday? We have a buyer would like to view the house. He was a personal friend Ive known for many years.【答案】1.which 2.which/that 3.why 4.who 5.whom三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别观察例句1.As we all know, Lu Xun is a great writer.众所周知，鲁迅是一位伟大的作家
38、。2.He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected.他实验失败了，这是没有预料到的。3.He is a cheat, as everyone can see.每个人都看得出来，他是个骗子。4.He did the experiment successfully, as had been expected.正如期望的那样，他实验做成功了。5.As we all know, paper was invented in China.正如大家所知，纸是中国发明的。归纳用法as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而which引导非限制性定语
39、从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句，又可以是主句的一部分。as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于先行词之前、之中和之后，而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。as引导从句时常译为“正如”，而which常译为“这；那”。常用句型有：as we all know，as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected等。即学即练3用适当的关系词填空 The weather turned out to be very fine， was more than we could expect. has been announced, we shall
40、 have our final exam next month. He failed in the driving test, we had expected.【答案】1.which 2.As 3.as.单句语法填空1Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of has been proved.2She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in she distributed it to the children.3I live ne
41、xt door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.4We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.5Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition can promote unity and trust.6Some people are successful language learners often fail in other fields.7Th
42、e sun heats the earth, makes it possible for plants to grow.8Then he met Mary, invited him to a party.9There was a net bar around here, I remember.10He changed his mind again, made us all angry.【答案】1.which 2.which 3.whose 4.when 5.that 6.who 7.which 8.who 9.as 10.which选择性必修第一册词汇表【课本单词短语:350 课本人名地名等:
43、19】【词汇】1.physiologyfzildi: n.生理学; 生理机能2.artemisinintmsann: n.(药)青蒿素3.crucialkrul: adj.至关重要的; 关键性的4.malaria mleri: n. 疟疾5.vitalvatl: adj.必不可少的; 极其重要的;充满生机的mittedkmtd:adj.尽心尽力的; 坚定的; 坚信的mitkmt:v.承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)mit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth):承诺; 保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)be committed
44、to (doing) something.:承诺/保证(做)什么9.academy kdmi: n.(艺术/文学/科学等的)研究院; 学会; 专科院校Chinese Academy of Sciences: 中国科学院10.academic kdemk: adj.学业的; 学术的11.objectivebdektv: n.目标; 目的adj.客观的12.botanical btnkl: adj.植物学的13.evaluate vljuet: vt.评价; 评估14.propertyprpti: n.性质; 特征; 财产15.distinctdstkt: adj.清晰的; 清楚的;有区别的bed
45、istinct/different from.: 与不同16.extract ekstrkt : n.提取物; 摘录 kstrkt: vt.提取; 提炼; 摘录;(用力)拔出17.wormwoodwmwd: n.蒿; 洋艾sweet wormwood: 青蒿18.boilbl: vt./vi.(使)沸腾; 煮开; 烧开n.沸腾; 沸点19.liquidlkwd: n.液体adj.液体的; 液态的20.obtain bten: vt.(尤指经努力)获得; 贏得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在; 流行21.acknowledgeknld: vt.承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢22.defeatdfit: n.失败; 挫败vt.击败; 战胜beat: v.打败; 战胜 (常与 defeat 换用)beat/defeat sb/单位 at .:在某方面打败某人/单位win (lose) the race/match/game/battle/war/contest/victory/ prize:赢得/输掉比赛/战争/竞赛/胜利/奖励23.analysenlaz: v.分析24.apparent
