1、高中英语选必一Unit 4课本知识【重点单词拓展】1.approve vi.赞成;同意vt.批准;通过approval n.赞成;批准approving adj.赞同的(反) disapprove vi.不赞成;不同意vt.不批准2.favour vt.较喜欢;选择;有利于n.帮助;恩惠;赞同favourable adj.赞同的;给人好印象的3.vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变variation n.变化;改变variety n.种类;范畴various adj.各种各样的4.clarify vt.使更清晰易懂;阐明;澄清clarification n.澄清5.differ vi.相异;
2、不同于difference n.不同different adj.不同的indifferent adj.漠不关心的6.occupy vt.占据;占用occupation n.占领;工作;职业occupied adj.占用的;被占领的;忙于的7.employ vt.使用;应用;雇用employment n.雇用;使用employer n.雇主;老板employee n.雇工;雇员unemployed adj.失业的8.adjust vt.调整;调节vi.&vt.适应;(使)习惯adjustment n.调整;适应adjustable adj.可调节的9.reliable adj.可靠的;可信赖的r
3、ely v.依靠;依赖reliably adv.可靠地;可信赖地10.embarrassed adj.难堪的;尴尬的embarrass v.使尴尬embarrassment n.尴尬;难堪embarrassing adj.令人难堪的11.appropriate adj.合适的;恰当的appropriately adv.合适地;恰当地(反) inappropriate adj.不合适的;不恰当的12.distinguish vi.&vt.区分;辨别distinguished adj.卓越的;杰出的13.slight adj.轻微的;略微的;细小的slightly adv.略微;稍微14.lowe
4、r vt.把放低;降低;减少adj.下面的;下方的;较小的low adj.低的,矮小的;楼下的,低洼的; 沮丧的;下贱的adv.低声地;谦卑地15.tendency n.趋势;倾向tend v.趋向;走势16.anger n.愤怒;怒气vt.使生气;激怒angry adj.生气的;愤怒的angrily adv.生气地;愤怒地17.anxiety n.焦虑;担心;害怕anxious adj.焦虑的;不安的anxiously adv.焦虑地;担心地18.react vi.(对)起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应reaction n.反应;回应19.educator n.教师;教育工作者;教育家e
5、ducate v.教育;教导;训练education n.教育educational adj.教育的20.assess vt.评估;评价assessment n.评价;评定21.distract vt.分散(注意力);使分心distraction n.分心;分散22.merely adv.只是;仅仅;只不过mere adj.仅仅的;只不过23.ultimately adv.最终;最后ultimate adj.最后的,极限的24.interpret vt.把理解(解释)为vi.&vt.口译interpretation n.口译;翻译interpreter n.翻译官25.barely adv.几
6、乎不;勉强才能;刚刚bare adj.空的;仅够的;光秃秃的26.demonstrate vt.表现;表达;说明;证明demonstration n.证明;示范;演示词缀记忆法:名词后缀al表示行为状态等approve 批准;认可;赞成approval批准;认可;赞成arrive 到达arrival 到达;到达者;到达物survive 存活;幸存survival 存活;幸存remove 移走;消除;开除removal 拿走;消除;开除dispose 处理disposal 清除;处理deny 否认denial 否认bury 埋葬burial 埋葬;葬礼festive 节日的festival 节日
7、【词块和短语】P38express sbs thoughts and opinions表达某人的思想观点the interaction with 与.的交往/交流vary/differ from sth to sth某物与某物相异be appropriate to 对合适的/恰当的by contrast 相比之下approve of 认同/赞同permit / allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事interpret sth as 把某事物理解/解释为avoid doing sth 避免做某事shake/ nod ones head 摇/点头by comparison (与.)相
8、比较kiss sb on the cheek 亲吻脸颊favo(u)r (sb) doing sth 喜欢(某人)做某事figure/work out 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白P39in circles 一圈一圈地get through 渡过;熬过;用完break down 消除;分解;打破suggest doing sth 建议/提议做某事feel down 感到沮丧;情绪低落nothing better 没有更好的;莫过于a fake smile 假笑P40refer to 查阅;参考;提到in favo(u)r of 赞同;支持make assessments 评定;评价make/ draw
9、 inferences 推理;推断straighten up 直起来;整理;收拾整齐make a gesture 摆姿势;打手势P41call on (短暂地)访问;要求(某人讲话等);正式邀请intend to do/ doing sth 打算/想要做某事end up doing sth 最终做某事in this sense 从这种意义上来讲be compared to / with 与.相比P42be successful/ succeed in (doing) sth成功(做)某事be confident about 对有信心draw/ arrive at /come to/ reach
10、 a conclusion得出结论 convey a message 传递/传达信息P43ask for/seek clarification 要求阐明/澄清make clarification 阐明/澄清make sense 讲得通;有意义have contact with sb与某人有联系for instance例如P44one-on-one conversations 一对一谈话tend to do sth 往往会做某事look up 抬头看;查阅;改善have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向lower ones head 低头(be) amused by /
11、at 被.逗笑occupy oneself with sth 使自己忙于remind sb (that.) 提醒某人.cross ones arms / legs 交叉两臂/双腿wear a frown 皱着眉头not bother to do / doing sth 懒得做某事brush / comb sbs hair 梳头发at work 有某种影响;在工作get the most out of sth/ make the most of sth充分利用react to 对作出反应;回应P46tone of voice 语气rob .of sth 剥夺; 使丧失.put ones feet
12、 up (尤指架起双腿)坐下休息put ones back into 全力以赴from now on 从现在起P47facial expressions 面部表情 vote on 对投票/表决P48act as 扮演;担任;充当 unused to (doing) sth 不习惯(做)某事的【教材金句】1.Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.(P38) 不同的文化有着不同的肢体语言，这与口头语言相似。2.A smile can help us get through difficult
13、situations and find friends in a world of strangers.(P39) 微笑可以帮助我们摆脱困境，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。3.A smile can break down barriers.(P39)微笑可以消除隔阂。4.Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger.(P39) 专家建议，我们应该对着镜子微笑，让自己感到更加快乐和坚强。5.If we are feeling down or lonely, th
14、ere is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.(P39) 当我们感到沮丧或孤单时, 最好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。6.It is obvious that our minds can influence our bodies.(P40)很明显，我们的思想可以影响我们的身体。7.Life is a stage, and we are all actors.(P43) 生活是舞台，我们都是演员。8.People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they ar
15、e interested in.(P44) 人们在对某个事物感兴趣时，往往会身体前倾。9.Sometimes body language speaks louder than words.(P46) 有时肢体语言比言语本身更具表达力。10.Seeing is believing.(P46)眼见为实。11.Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.(P46) 生活没有目标犹如航海没有罗盘。12Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.当然，
16、并不是每个抬头的人都专注于课堂。13With their chins on their hands，they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.他们用手托着下巴，非常专注地盯着窗外或上面的天花板。【写作素材】读后续写精彩结尾画面定格结尾留白和首尾呼应结尾留白，又叫做结尾留白，在写作中的作用就是留下让读者思考参与情景的空间，是一种加深主题的手法，给了想象空间又在前文中有所提示。例文1.结尾句让读者想象主人公结束了伤心岁月之后的情境。While she wrapped them, I took a
17、 deep breath and asked Joy, “Do you have dinner plans?” I explained that Id like to wait a bit before I went back to the hospital to give Grace and her husband some time alone with baby.“Would you be interested in joining me in a bite to eat?” I asked.“Id love to,” she replied, her eyes sparkling li
18、ke diamonds.And, this was the beginning of the end to my months of heartbreak following Betsys death.当她把它们包起来的时候，我深吸了一口气，问 Joy：“你晚餐有安排吗? ”我解释说我想等一会儿再回医院让Grace 和她丈夫有时间单独和孩子在一起。“你有兴趣和我一起吃点东西吗? ”我问。“我很乐意，”她回答，她的眼睛像钻石一样闪闪发光。而且，这是我在 Betsy 死后几个月心碎的结束的开始。例文2.结尾句引领读者想象乞丐得到珍珠后的所想、所为。The beggar hesitated for
19、a moment, then he decided to open it.He declared aloud, “Who cares? He wanted me to have it anyway.I might as well enjoy it now.” With that, he unwrapped the white tissue paper, but to his surprise, there was no hard rock candy inside.Instead, into his fingers fell a shiny white pearl worth thousand
20、s of dollars.乞丐犹豫了一会儿，然后决定打开它。他大声宣布: “谁在乎呢？不管怎样，他还是想让我拥有它。我还不如现在就享受呢。”说着，他打开了白色的纸巾，但令他惊讶的是，里面没有硬糖。相反，一颗价值数千美元的闪亮的白珍珠掉进了他的手指里。Part V：首尾呼应01.开头：I had an interesting childhood.It was filled with suprises and amusements, all because of my mother-loving, sweet, yet absent-minded and forgetful.One strange
21、 faimly trip we took when I was eleven tells a lot about her.结尾：Despite moms being absent-minded and forgetful, she was still a kind and nice mom.尽管妈妈总是心不在焉，健忘，但她仍然是一个和蔼可亲的妈妈。（2017年浙江高考题）02.开头：It was summer and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.He decided to take me on a trip
22、 to the Wild West.结尾：Never had I had such a thrilling yet dangerous vacation before.The special trip to the Wild West was deeply engraved in my mind.我从来没有过这么刺激又危险的假期。那次去西部的特别旅行，深深地印在我的脑海里。（2018年浙江高考题 ）03.开头：A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day.结尾：What a funny day.A
23、rthur couldnt stop laughing whenever he looked back on this hilarious experience.多么有趣的一天啊，每当亚瑟回想起这次欢乐的经历，他就忍不住笑个不停。（2016年浙江高考题 ）04.原文结尾：A few minutes later, the helicopter arrived.As we were lifted into the air, we saw the stubborn bear was already heading back to our camp.When Elli and I got home a
24、nd developed our pictures, we noticed this bear had broken an important tooth.Like humans, polar bears feel pain, have emotions, and can be afraid.Elli and I learned our lesson: beware of a bear with a toothache.（2020年浙江高考卷）几分钟后，直升机到了。当我们被吊上空中时，我们看到那只固执的熊已经往我们的营地回去了。当艾莉和我回到家，冲洗出我们的照片时，我们注意到这只熊的一颗重要的
25、牙齿断了。和人类一样，北极熊也会感到疼痛，有情绪，也会害怕。艾莉和我学到了一课：要当心有牙疼的熊。【必背语法】Grammar 动词ing形式作宾语和表语一、动词ing形式作宾语1作动词的宾语接动词ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：avoid，miss，delay/put off避免错过少延期advise，finish，practise建议完成多练习enjoy，imagine，cant help喜欢想象禁不住admit，deny，envy承认否定与嫉妒escape，risk，excuse逃避冒险莫原谅stand，keep，mind忍受保持不介意1)He admitted referring
26、to his notes in the exam.他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。2)She cant stand being looked down upon in public.她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起的感觉。3)Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗子吗？4)He tried to avoid answering my questions.他试图对我的问题避而不答。2作介词的宾语在下面的短语中，常用动词ing形式作介词的宾语： be good at，dream of，care about，be concerned about，be intere
27、sted in，feel like，insist on，think of，aim at，set about，be used to习惯于；get down to开始做；lead to导致；devote oneself to献身于；look forward to期待；stick to坚持；pay attention to注意。1)I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life.我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。2)He insisted on doing it in his own way.他坚持要按照自己的方法做。3)Im
28、 looking forward to your coming next time.我期待着你下一次的到来。4)Because of the bad weather，they have to give up going out for a picnic tomorrow.因为天气不好，他们不得不放弃明天的外出野餐。3在以下结构中，动词ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。spend.(in)doing花费做某事have difficulty/trouble (in)doing.做有困难/麻烦stop/prevent.(from)doing阻止做某事waste time (in)doing浪费时间
29、做某事be busy (in)doing忙于做某事have a good/hard time (in)doing高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事There is no point (in)doing做某事毫无意义1)He is always busy working every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child.他每天总是忙于工作，这使他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。2)There is no point giving him such a good chance.给他提供这样一个好机会没有意义。即学即练1单句语
30、法填空Im looking forward to (hear)from you.He devotes himself to (look)into the matter.She likes spending much money (buy)clothes for herself.4动词ing形式作宾语时的几个特殊情况(1)动词ing的复合结构。代词（宾格）/形容词性物主代词名词（宾格）/名词s所有格动词ingWould you mind my/me eating the cake? 你介意我吃这块蛋糕吗？Would you mind Marys/Mary driving the bike? 你介
31、意玛丽骑自行车吗？名师点津动词ing的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词(宾格)/名词s所有格not doing.。(2)某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词ing作宾语。动词begin，start，continue等词后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词ing作宾语，意义基本相同。They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest.休息了一会后，他们继续讨论这项计划。动词love，like，hate等后可跟动词ing和不定式作宾语，但接动词ing表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作。
32、I love walking with my friend on a sunny day.(习惯)我喜欢和朋友在一个阳光明媚的日子里散步。It is a pleasant day today，so I love to have a walk with my friend.(具体)今天是个令人愉快的日子，所以我想和朋友一起散散步。一些动词后既可跟动词ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别。He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯。The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it
33、off.办公室的灯还亮着。他忘记关了。名师点津对比记忆作宾语的动词含义They stopped to have a look at the fantastic scenery.他们停下来，看了看这美妙绝伦的风景。They stopped working and had a rest.他们停止工作，休息了一下。(3)用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词ing形式。其结构如下：主语believefeelit.no gooddoing.I found it useless/no use arguing about it.我发现争论这件事没有用。Do you consider it any good t
34、rying again?你觉得再试会有用吗？(4)在动词need，require，want，deserve后，用动词ing形式表示被动含义，即need/require/want/deserve doingneed/require/want/deserve to be done。These clothes need washingThese clothes need to be washed这些衣服需要洗。The house requires repairingThe house requires to be repaired这座房子需要修理。(5)在(be)worth后面只能用动词ing形式来
35、表示被动含义。The film is worth seeing a second time.这部电影值得再看一次。即学即练2单句语法填空 I remember (see)her before，but I cant remember when it was.You must remember (tell)Jackson the news tonight. I didnt mean (visit)him yesterday afternoon. Giving up your plan means (lose)a large amount of money. All of us stopped (t
36、alk)when we saw our teacher come in. She felt thirsty, so she stopped (get)a drink of water.【答案】1.seeing 2.to tell 3.to visit 4.losing 5.talking 6.to get二、动词ing形式作表语1动名词用作表语Her job is checking letter of credit and terms of contract她的工作是核对信用证和合同款。That is not playing the game这样做就不公平了。This was really c
37、arrying matters a little too far这事做得真有点太过分了。名师点津(1)不要把作表语用的动名词和现在进行时态混淆。动名词说明主语的情况或性质，其内容在逻辑上等于主语的内容；现在分词说明动作是由主语完成的(即表示主语正在进行的动作)。His job is cleaning the classroom.(动名词短语作表语) 他的工作就是打扫教室。He is cleaning the classroom.(谓语，现在进行时) 他正在打扫教室。(2)动名词(短语)和不定式(短语)都能用作主语或表语，两者的区别是：表示比较抽象、一般的行为，不跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起时，
38、多用动名词(短语)；表示具体某次行为、特别是将来的行为，往往跟特定的动作执行者联系在一起时，多用不定式。但在多数情况下，两者差别不太大，可以互用。试比较：Our job is building houses.(经常性的一般行为) 我们的工作是盖房子。Our main task now is to build this house.(特定的具体某次行为)我们现在的主要任务是盖这间房子。即学即练3单句语法填空 One of the good exercises is (swim). The real problem is (get)to know the needs of the customer
39、s. The important thing now is (save)lives.【答案】1.swimming 2.getting 3.to save2现在分词用作表语现在分词作表语，总是跟在系动词之后，构成复合谓语。现在分词作表语，表示主语所具有的特征。许多作表语的现在分词几乎已经形容词化，可以用副词修饰，也可以有比较级形式。这类常见的现在分词有amazing, amusing, annoying, astonishing, boring, charming等。The development of our aviation industry is quite encouraging我们的航
40、空工业的发展是非常令人鼓舞的。A few pages are wanting有几处缺页。The whole damned day had been humiliating这一整天可坏透了，令人丢脸。名师点津(1)现在分词作表语时，系动词除be外还有appear, sound, look, become, come, get, go, grow, keep, remain, seem等。What he says sounds more convincing他说的话听起来更有说服力。The European scene began to look threatening again.欧洲局势再度出
41、现危险。(2)现在分词作表语用时，相当于形容词，表示性质或状态；进行时态中的分词是谓语动词的组成部分，表示具体的动作，两者不可混淆。The present situation is encouraging(表语) 目前的形势是令人鼓舞的。The present situation is encouraging us to stride forward in production.(现在进行时)目前的形势正在鼓舞我们在生产上迈步前进。The problem is quite pressing(表语) 问题很紧迫。She is pressing the button.(现在进行时) 她正在按电钮。
42、即学即练4单句语法填空The situation both at home and abroad is very (inspire).The book is (interest)and Im interested in it.He remembered our names from ten years agoisnt that just (amaze)?【答案】1.inspiring 2.interesting 3.amazing.单句语法填空1Poems which had seemed dull and (bore)suddenly came to life.2The bird narro
43、wly escaped (shoot)by the hunter.3She looked small and gentle and altogether (charm).4Do you feel like (have)a walk with me after supper?5My father suggested (read)more books in my spare time.6To avoid (see)by the teacher, Tony stole into the classroom by the back door.7Have you considered (build)a
44、house in the countryside?8Some of the children are shy and they have some difficulty in (make)friends.9We regret (inform)you that you will have to give up this chance.10We agreed (meet)here，but so far she hasnt turned up yet.【答案】1.boring 2.being shot 3.charming 4.having 5.reading 6.being seen7.build
45、ing 8.making 9.to inform 10.to meet【课本词汇】1.interaction ntrkn: n.交流; 相互影响2.varyveri: vi.(根据情况)变化; 改变vary with.: 随.变化/改变vary in.: 在.方面不同/有差异vary from.to.: 从.到.变化;在.与.之间变化; 从.到.不等3.appropriate prprit: adj.合适的; 恰当的Sth be appropriate for sth/sb:什么适合什么/某人4.by contrast: 相比之下by contrast with.: 和.比5.approvepruv: v.赞成; 同意; 批准; 通过approve of: 赞成; 同意; 批准6.demonstratedemnstret: vt.表现; 表达; 说明; 证明7.gesture dest(r): n.手势; 姿势; 姿态8.witnesswtns: vt.当场看到; 目击; 见证
