1、Unit 3The world of science 第二部分阅读(共两节，满分 50 分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Emily Urich18 years oldCanada A lot of teens arent responsible, and thats where Im different.Not just about school but everyday things, like being able to pay my own credit card (信用卡)
2、 bills on time. The first time I got a cartoon book was on my third birthday. From then on, I fell in deep love with it.And can you guess how many cartoon books Ive read? I dont really know the exact number. But I have three full boxes of them under my bed. Joe Miller16 years oldAmerica Im proud of
3、doing things in my own way. So whenever somebody wants me to do something or whatever it is, I feel like theyre all other peoples thoughts, not really mine.But like others, I love reading, too. When I first took skiing lessons, I found it exciting. For skiing racing, theres no question that Im bette
4、r than most boys. I think its fun. I mean, it is a challenge. Its where I picked up the idea of needing a challenge always in my life. In order to improve my skiing skills, I have read many books and magazines about it. An Qi15 years oldChina Im different because I prefer to drop out of the world to
5、 create my own world. Id like to build a house on a mountain. And I choose to live without electricity, a telephone, or even indoor plumbing (水管装置) I have many hobbies such as travelling, reading, writing and spending time with children. I love children because they are smart and creative. They alwa
6、ys have many strange ideas. It makes me excited. I want to do something for Project Hope and become a country school teacher. 21Which hobby do the three students all have? AWriting.BSkiing. CTravelling.DReading. 22According to Emily, we can infer that Aother people trust her Bshe does sports at week
7、ends Cshe laughs at other people Dshe gets up late on Sundays 23We know that Joe Miller Adoesnt like to follow others Bthinks skiing is too dangerous Cdoes well in drawing cartoons Denjoys living somewhere quietly B William Kamkwamba lives in Malawi, Africa, where most people have to grow their own
8、food and have no electricity or running water. In 2001, when he was 14 years old, there was a terrible drought ( 干 旱 ) and most families, including Williams, couldnt grow enough food. Because of the drought, Williams family couldnt afford to send him to school anymore. So one day, William went to th
9、e library near his home to study. He found a science book called Using Energy, which included instructions for building a windmill (风车). Windmills are good sources of electricity, and they can bring water up from underground. William didnt know much English, and he wasnt able to understand most of t
10、he book, but it was full of pictures. Looking at the pictures, William thought he could build a windmill for his family. When William started building his windmill, a lot of people laughed at him, including his mother. But William saw the photo of the windmill in the book. That meant someone else wa
11、s able to build it, so he knew he could build it, too. He didnt have the parts and equipment that he saw in the books pictures. So he looked for parts in junkyards to build his machine. William changed his design little by little. First, the windmill powered only one light bulb (灯泡). Finally, it pow
12、ered four lights. Then there was enough electricity for four lights and a radio. No one laughed at William after that, and people in his town started to come to his house to get power for their cell phones. Later, William built a second windmill. This one brought water up from underground. After tha
13、t, William began to teach other people how to build windmills. Now he uses his website, movingwindmills.org, to educate and give hope to people. His main message is this：“To the Africans and the poor who are struggling (挣扎) with your dreams.trust yourself and believe. Whatever happens, dont give up.
14、” 24What was Williams primary purpose of building a windmill? ATo set up a family business. BTo do a science experiment. CTo realise his childhood dream. DTo bring electricity to his family. 25What was Williams mothers attitude towards his building a windmill at first? AHopeful.BWorried. CDoubtful.D
15、Uninterested. 26What can we learn about Williams first windmill? AIt was sold at a high price. BIt was made of thrownaway things. CIt could bring water up from underground. DIt looked the same as the photo in Using Energy. 27Which of the following can best describe William? AHonest.BHumorous. CSelfc
16、entered.DStrongminded. C Modern day robots may not be as entertaining as R2D2 or the robot from Lost in Space, but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for several important reasons. Robots make great explorers on planets, moons, and other
17、landing areas. Aside from the earth, just about every surface in the solar system is unsafe for humans to explore. The air on most other planets is insufficient for humans to breathe, making it necessary to wear a space suit and oxygen equipment. The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot o
18、r much too cold for any humans to withstand. Plus there would be complications with radiation, weather, and a lack of gravity. Robots have much less limitation in these areas and can survive much longer under these conditions. Robots are designed for collecting scientific data. Robots are also able
19、to perform many tasks at one time and can process information much quicker and more efficiently. Important scientific projects from detecting minerals, analyzing ground samples, and finding water are all performed much quicker and accurately by robots. The use of robots has made the cost of space ex
20、ploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work. In order to successfully send humans into space we would need to build a vehicle that can not only carry humans, but also enough food and water to keep them alive for the duration of the trip. Moreover, robots have no proble
21、ms working for hours on end. Robots never complain, they dont require food or water, and they never need a bathroom break. Over the past 30 years or so there have been many different types of robots used successfully in the exploration of space. Perhaps the most famous and successful robots are Spir
22、it and Opportunity who have both been exploring the surface of Mars. They have both been very successful with experiments on soil and rocks and have even found evidence of water in Mars history. 28Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? AThe Development of Robots BThe Discove
23、ry of Space Exploration CNo Robots, No Space Exploration DRobotsAre Used in Space Exploration 29According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? AThe use of robots in space exploration costs more than the use of humans. BIt is dangerous for humans to explore other surfaces in the solar
24、system except the earth. CBoth Spirit and Opportunity have found the evidence of water on Mars. DMany different types of robots have explored the space successfully. 30 The underlined word“withstand”in paragraph 2 most probably means “” AremainBbear CdefeatDdevelop 31What is the writers attitude in
25、this passage? ANegative.BPersuasive. CSubjective.DObjective. D Every time your fingers touch your cell phone, they leave behind trace of amounts of chemicals. And each chemical offers clues to you and your activities. By studying them, scientists might be able to piece together a story about your re
26、cent life, a new study finds. A molecule (分子) is a group of atoms. It represents the smallest amount of some chemicals. Your skin is covered in molecules picked up by everything you touched. With each new thing your skin contacts, you leave behind some small share of what itd touched earlier. Resear
27、chers at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) recently studied such chemical leftovers on the phones of 39 volunteers. The study was led by biochemistAmina Bouslimani. To explore those residues (剩余物), the UCSD team wiped the surface of each volunteers phone with a cotton swab (药签). The sci
28、entists also swabbed each persons right hand. Then the researchers compared the chemicals found on each cell phone. The scientists discovered as many of the molecules as they could. They then compared those to a database of chemicals. Pieter Dorrestein, a UCSD pharmaceutical chemist, had helped set
29、up that database a few years earlier, which contains various substances, including spices, caffeine and medicines. Traces of everything from hundreds to thousands of different molecules turned up on each phone. The molecules suggested what had been in the body, and what each person had handled befor
30、e touching the phone. From all these molecules, Bouslimani says，“We could tell if a person is likely female, uses highend cosmetics (化妆品), colors her hair, drinks coffee, prefers beer over wine or likes spicy food.” Police already use molecular analyses to look for traces of explosives or illegal dr
31、ugs. To date, Dorrestein says, hes never heard of police using phone residues to narrow down behaviour clues to search for a suspect. But detectives might one day use such data to track down someone who left a phone behind at a crime scene. 32By studying the residues on the phone, we can conclude it
32、s users ApersonalityBlifestyle CappearanceDintelligence 33What was the first thing the researchers had to do for the study? AComparing different chemicals. BHiring volunteers with cell phones. CCollecting different kinds of phones. DBuilding a database containing chemicals. 34Whats the authors attit
33、ude towards the application of the research finding? ADoubtful.BDisappointed. CPositive.DUninterested. 35What should be the best title for the text? ACell Phones Will Be Used in More Fields BMolecules Are Used to Search for Illegal Drugs CYour Phone May Be Home to Various Chemicals DFingers Leave Cl
34、uesAbout You on Your Phone 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分) 阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项 中有两项为多余选项。 What to Do When Someone Doesnt Like You When someone tells me “I dont care if people like me”，they are showing me the emotional wall they use to block the hurt of rejection. As humans are social a
35、nimals, all of us care if people like us. Based on the need for social connection, your reactions to rejection and negative judgment can range from minor hurt to outbreaks of depression. 36. The first step to handle a negative situation is to recognise your reaction.Ask yourself，“What am I feeling？”
36、 37.Any betrayal (背叛) or embarrassment in your heart? Identify what feeling has shown up in your body, so you can choose what to do next. 38When you sense yourself shutting down or feeling defensive, ask yourself what the person actually meant to do to you. Did they truly mean to offend you, or make
37、 fun of you? Your brain works very hard to keep you safe, so it will judge a situation as threatening if there is any possibility of social harm. When our brains sense a possible threat, we react as if we were personally attacked. Take a breath to relieve the stress. 39. Finally, if you believe the
38、person doesnt like you, ask yourself if this matters. 40. If not, what can you do to release your need to be liked by this person? And, what can you do to stay neutral and not return the dislike? The more you can come to accept others as who they are, the more you can move forward with your goals re
39、gardless of if someone likes you or not. AIf you can, look the person in his eyes. BDo you feel any fear or anger in your head? CAsk yourself what is true about the situation. DOften people do not realise the impact of their words. EWill the persons judgment of you impact your work or life? FThe abi
40、lity to let a show of dislike roll off your back is a learned skill. GThis will ground you in the present and take you out of your trembling mind. 第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分 30 分) 第一节(共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白 处的最佳选项。 Im Alina Morse, a fifth grader from Michigan. I have alwa
41、ys wanted to41my own business. Since I was about four years old, I have been writing a journal of business ideas. During a trip to the bank with my dad, a teller42me a sugary lollipop (棒棒 糖). I love candy.43 ， my dad had told me that too much sugar was bad for my teeth. So I asked, “Why cant we make
42、 some44lollipops？”At last, I45my familyboth of my parents have professional experience in sales and marketingto get my idea46the ground. Our first step was research. We spoke to47and food scientists. We went into stores and searched online for information. We48that tooth decay (蛀牙) was being a serio
43、us problem in America. Then we decided to make lollipops with the teeth cleaning materials at home but it didnt49 . So we found a factory. The idea quickly50 . I started a company that sells Zollipops, a kind of sugarfree lollipop, to help51the risk of tooth decay. Its sales were topping $70， 000 in
44、 2014 and increasing more than four times in 2015,52$300，000. We have been working to make the lollipops more stable and less53in hot or wet environments. We are very54because the new Zollipops will be55later this year. 41A.set upBcarry on Cput offDtake over 42A.boughtBawarded CorderedDoffered 43A.H
45、oweverBInstead COtherwiseDBesides 44A.tastyBhealthy CpopularDgoodquality 45A.attended toBbacked up Crelied onDstood by 46A.offBbeyond CagainstDinto 47A.dentistsBphysicists CchemistsDpsychologists 48A.suspectedBassumed CconcludedDcomplained 49A.endBact CfailDwork 50A.paid upBpaid off Cpaid backDpaid
46、out 51A.reduceBremove CavoidDinvolve 52A.costingBvaluing CmakingDhitting 53A.harmfulBsticky CsweetDpoisonous 54A.astonishedBconfused CappreciativeDexcited 55A.drawing outBsending out Ccoming outDgiving out 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分) 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Why dont birds get lost on th
47、eir long flights from one place to another? Not long ago, experiments showed that birds rely 56.the sun to guide them during daylight hours. But what about birds 57.fly by night? Tests with artificial stars have proved that certain nightflying birds are able to follow the stars in their long distanc
48、e flights. A dove had spent its lifetime in a cage and had never flown under a 58. (nature) sky. Yet it showed an inborn ability 59.(use) the stars for guidance. The birds cage 60.(place) under an artificial starfilled sky. The bird tried to fly in the same direction as that 61.(take) by his outdoor
49、 cousins. Any change in the position of the makebelieve stars caused 62.change in the direction of his flight. Scientists think that doves, when 63.(fly) in daylight, use the sun for guidance.But the stars are obviously their main means of flight. What do they do if the stars are hidden by clouds?Ap
50、parently, they find their way by such landmarks as mountain 64.(range), coastlines,and river courses. But when its too dark to see these, the doves circle 65.(help), unable to get their position. 第四部分写作(共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节(满分 15 分) 假定你叫李华， 一直喜欢唱歌，最近组建了自己的音乐俱乐部。你的笔友大 卫(David)很想了解一下有关情况， 请给他回一封邮件。 内容包括：
