1、 一、一、itit作形式主语，作形式主语， 代替不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）代替不定式（短语）、动名词（短语） 和主语从句和主语从句 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句等用作主语时，当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句等用作主语时， 为避免头重脚轻，为避免头重脚轻， 通常在句首使用形式主语通常在句首使用形式主语itit， 而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。 1 1 代替主语从句代替主语从句 1）It be +名词名词（a pity, a shame, an honour, a good idea, a miracle, a fact, common knowled
2、ge, a surprise)+从句从句。 It is a pity that I cant go with you because I have to look after my little brother. It is common knowledge that the earth turns around the sun. 2) It be +形容词形容词（clear, possible, likely, natural, certain, fortunate, necessary, strange, uncertain, obvious, important)+从句从句。 It is
3、 obvious that they are for the plan. it 作形式主语作形式主语 3) It +不及物动词不及物动词（happen, seem, appear, chance, occur, matter)+从句从句 It happened/chanced that I was in the countryside at the time. It seems that it is going to rain soon. 4) It +be +过去分词过去分词（found, believed, reported, thought, noted, proved, known,
4、decided, suggested, required)+从句从句。 It is reported that the fire caused a great loss and hundreds of people died . 1） “ It +be +said/believed/reported/that”句型一般可转换成句型一般可转换成 “sb./sth.+be said/believed/reported/+to do” 句型句型。 It is said that he has got a doctors degree. =He is said to have got a doctor
5、s degree. 2) 在句型在句型“It + is/was+形容词形容词+ +主语从句主语从句”中，中， 如果形容词是如果形容词是important, strange, natural, necessary等，从句谓语部分要用等，从句谓语部分要用“should+ 动词原形动词原形”形形 式式，should可以省略。可以省略。 It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time. 3) 在在” It is/was+过去分词过去分词+that”结构中，结构中， 如果动词是如果动词是require, dema
6、nd, request等等， 从句谓语部分要用从句谓语部分要用“should+动词原形动词原形”形式，形式，should可省可省。 It is required that nobody(should) smoke here. 2 代替不定式（短语）代替不定式（短语） It is hard to translate this sentence into English. 3 代替动名词（短语）代替动名词（短语） It is no use arguing with him. 二，二， it 作形式主语和作形式主语和it 用于强调句型的比较用于强调句型的比较 it it 作形式主语代替主语从句，作形
7、式主语代替主语从句， 主要是为了平衡句子结构，主要是为了平衡句子结构， 主语从句的连接词主语从句的连接词 没有变化，没有变化， 可以是可以是that, whether或连接代词，连接副词。或连接代词，连接副词。 而而itit强调句则是对句子强调句则是对句子 某一部分进行强调，某一部分进行强调， 无论强调是什么成分，都只能用连词无论强调是什么成分，都只能用连词that，若被强调部分指人，若被强调部分指人 时也可用时也可用who. 试比较：试比较： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me wheth
8、er you succeed or not. It was in the morning that the murder took place. It was John that/who broke the window. 用用it it 作形式主语翻译句子作形式主语翻译句子 1 1 真奇怪，竟然没有人想要去那里。真奇怪，竟然没有人想要去那里。 It is strange that no one wants to go there. 2 很难说将需要多少钱很难说将需要多少钱。 It is hard to say how much money is needed. 3 地球围着太阳转是常识。地球
9、围着太阳转是常识。 It is common knowledge that earth turns around the sun . 4 这样做是错误的这样做是错误的。 It is wrong to do it in this way. 5 做完那项工作需要艰苦劳动做完那项工作需要艰苦劳动。 It needed hard work to finish the job. 6 他不可能一个人去。他不可能一个人去。 It is impossible for him to go alone. 7 你这样说太好了你这样说太好了。 It is kind of you to say so . 8 向他解释没
10、有用向他解释没有用。 It is no use explaining it to him . 1.It is no longer quite so difficult for women and minorities to get roles in American film and television. 2.It is now a more realistic hope for minority actors to become a leading actor in Hollywood. 3.It is more common than before for women to write
11、and direct Hollywood films. 4.It is seen as acceptable by film studios to cast white actors as Asian characters. Rewrite the underlined parts using it as an empty subject. Beijing today is multicultural. It is not a surprising thing for students to see different skin colours in the same class. It is
12、 possible for people to hear many different languages and dialects. It is easy for people to find products from all over the world. It is not difficult for foreigners to settle down and find a job. It is a common thing for people from different countries to work in the same company. Describe the cit
13、y using the information provided and it as an empty subject. Read the passage and answer the questions. 1.What phenomenon does the passage describe? 2.What effect does technology have on cultural exchange? It describes the phenomenon of the “global village” as related to the promotion of technologic
14、al and cultural exchange. Technology enables us to form close connections with people of completely different cultures and gives us quick and easy access to other cultures and lifestyles. 1.culture shock 2. form close connections with 3. a joint effort 4. mutual benefits 5. bring people together 6.
15、window on the world 7. be more inclusive Complete the letter with the correct form of the expressions in Activity 5. 1. More and more foreign words and expressions are entering the English language, especially those about food. 2.Chinese food is popular in the UK, and many Chinese words and expressi
16、ons are entering English dictionaries as a result. 3.Intercultural communication is increasing, and people all over the world have a better understanding of each other. 4.World sports are bringing people together in the same way that food is. Listen to the conversation and choose the main idea. 1.re
17、gional words are making it 2.wonton 3.the food we now find in shops and restaurants/ the food we buy and eat 4.all kinds of food 5.a lot of other restaurants / a lot of choices 6.Italian, French and Japanese restaurants 7.use chopsticks 8.connecting people 9.people in Britain eating Chinese food 10.
18、 pizza while watching the same game Listen again and complete the table. Really? Thats interesting. Is it really? It is really amazing I also find it interesting to see. No wonder it isnt a surprise to see. It is not unusual to find Complete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation. Work in pairs. Talk about another phenomenon of the global village using the expressions in this section. Now think about any difficulties you encountered during your discussion and what you did to overcome them.
