1、1 Unit7Topic talk It was a great success.这次艺术展览远非失败;这是一次巨大的成功。 As an emperor, he was a failure; but as an artist, he was a great success. 作为一位帝王,他是个失败者;但作为一名艺术家,他非常成功。 (2)n. U失败失败 end in failure以失败结束 Failure teaches you more than success. 失败比成功教会人更多。 【拓展】 (3)fail v失败失败 n(考试考试)失败失败fail to do.未能做 (4)英
2、语中有一类名词表示抽象意义时一般为不可数名词，但被赋予具体含义后，可看作可数名词，表示“的人 或事物”。常见的这类名词有： 抽象名词（不可数）具体化后（可数） beauty美，美丽a beauty一个美人或一件美好的事物 danger危险a danger一个危险的人或危险因素 failure失败a failure一个失败的人或一件失败的事 surprise惊奇a surprise意想不到（或突然）的事 success成功，胜利a success一个成功的人或一件成功的事 pleasure愉快，快乐a pleasure一件乐事 experience经验an experience一次经历/体验 d
3、ifficulty困难a difficulty一件难事 【练习】单句语法填空/完成句子 I fail to see(see)why you feel it so amusing. So as for students like us, we should have a good attitude towards failure(fail) If one is defeated by difficulties, he will always be afailure. His effort ended in failure 他的努力以失败而告终。 7. cause 【用法用法归纳归纳与与拓展拓展】
4、 (1)vt. 引起引起，使发生使发生，造成造成，导致。近义词语有导致。近义词语有：produce, lead to, contribute to, result in, bring about。 cause sb./sth. sth.给某人/某物带来 5 cause sb./sth. to do导致某人/某物做 cause sth. for sb.给某人造成 The difficult driving conditions caused several accidents. 艰难的驾驶条件引发了好几次事故。 The project is still causing him a lot of
5、problems now. 这项工程现在仍然给他带来许多的麻烦。 The poor harvest caused prices to rise sharply. 收成不好导致物价急剧上涨。 (2)n. C原因原因，起因起因 the/ a cause of.的原因 Unemployment is a major cause of poverty.失业是贫困的主要原因。 【练习】1.语法填空 Now scientists believe that global warming affects hibernating(冬眠) animals, causing them to wake(wake) u
6、p earlier. (2020 山西阳泉期末) Heart disease is the leading causeofdeath in the United States, according to a research report. Some people experience too much hair loss from a variety ofcauses. 2.完成句子 空气污染已经造成这个地区许多树木死亡，因此我们应该采取行动保护环境。 Air pollutionhas caused the deathof many trees in this area, so we sho
7、uld take action to protect the environment. 8.lead to 导致；造成(后果)；通向 His unusual use of colour has led experts to think that Van Goghs mental illness may have affected his sense of sight. 他不寻常的用色使专家们认为梵高的精神疾病可能影响了他的视觉。(教材 P8) 【用法归纳【用法归纳与与拓展】拓展】 lead sb. to do sth.引导某人做某事lead sb. into/to.领着某人进入/去 lead
8、the way引路；带路lead a(n).life过着生活 All roads lead to Rome.谚语条条大路通罗马。 The news leads me to believe that they will come. 这消息使我相信他们会来的。 He decided to lead/live a new life after the unusual experience.这次不平常的经历过后，他决定过一种新的生活。 注意注意 lead to 中的 to 是介词，后面应该接名词或动名词作宾语。与 cause，result in，contribute to，bring about 同义
9、， 意为“导致”。 【练习】完成句子 He led the way，and led us toa village of Tibet. There we found the local people leading a happy life 他带路，把我们领到了西藏的一个小村庄。在那里，我们发现当地人过着幸福的生活。 What led him to runaway?什么事促使他跑掉的？ 9. as for 关于；至于关于；至于 As for Magritte himself, he thought that the change between day and night in the pain
10、tings was surprising.(教材 P9) 至于马格里特本人，他认为画中白天和黑夜的变化是惊人的。 6 【用法归纳【用法归纳与与拓展】拓展】 as for 意为意为“至于至于，关于关于”，用来转移话题用来转移话题，引出另外一方或新的谈话内容。引出另外一方或新的谈话内容。 as foras to至于；关于as if仿佛，好像 The hotel is comfortable enough, but as for/to the food, Im not quite sure. 这家旅馆挺舒服的，但关于饮食我就不确定了。 This meat tastes as if/though it
11、 has already gone bad. 这肉吃起来似乎已经坏了。 【练习】完成句子 He talked as ifhe had known all about it.从他说话的口气看他好像知道有关它的一切。 As for/tome, I have nothing to complain of.至于我，没有什么可抱怨的。 10. have.in common Do they have anything in common? 它们有什么共同之处吗? (教材 P10) 【用法归纳【用法归纳与与拓展拓展】have.in common 意为“(想法、兴趣等方面)相同，有相同的特征(或特点等)”，该
12、短语中 have 的宾语有多种形式，可构成以下搭配： We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have in common. 我们应当抛开分歧，讨论一下我们的共同点。 【练习】单句写作：她们是双胞胎姐妹，但她们毫无共同之处。 They are twin sisters, but they have nothing in common. 11.speed In this painting named Racing Horse, we can see a horse running at high speed li
13、ke a missile across the sky. 在这张名为奔马图的画中，我们可以看到一匹马急速奔腾，如同一枚导弹划过天空。(教材 P11) 【用法归纳拓展】【用法归纳拓展】 (1)n. C,U 速度速度；U快快，迅速迅速 at low/high/full/ top speed 以低/高/全/最高速at a/the speed of.以的速度 pick up/gather speed 逐渐加快速度lower/ reduce speed 减速at speed 迅速 (2)vi. 快速千行；快速千行；vt. 加速，促进加速，促进 speed（.）up（使）加速 语境串记He is a go
14、od driver. Most of the time, he drives his car at a speed of 60 km/h.But yesterday there was a seriously injured person in his car, so he gradually speeded up but within the speed limit. Eventually, he took the injured 7 person to the hospital safely.他是一位好司机。大部分时间，他以每小时 60 千米的速度开车行驶。但是昨天他的车上 有一个受重伤的
15、人，因此他逐渐加快速度，但在速度限制范围内。最终，他安全地把受伤的人送到了医院。 【练习】结合 speed 的用法完成句子 (2020北京西城区期末) Chinas high-speed trains, Fuxing, are now one of the fastest trains in the world, which can even travelat a/the speed of(以的速度) 350 km/h. 我们如果想及时到达那里，最好加快速度。Wed betterspeed upif we want to get there in time. 短语巩固短语巩固 1lead to
16、 导致；造成(后果)；通向2mental illness 精神疾病 3in his lifetime 在他有生之年4let out a scream 发出尖叫声 5the sun sets 太阳落山6be connected to 与有关联 7a series of 一系列的；一连串的8as for 关于；至于 重点句型分析重点句型分析 1. I was walking down the road with two friends when the sun set suddenly the sky turned as red as blood.（教材 P9） 太阳落山时，我和两个朋友一起走在路
17、上；天空突然变得像血一样红 【考点提炼】 （一一）Sb. was doing sth. when. (1)此句型表示“某人正在做某事，这时(突然)”，句中 when 作并列连词，连接两个并列分句，前一分句通常 用过去进行时，后一分句通常用一般过去时。 (2)when 表示“这时/那时(突然)”时，相当于 and then, and just then 或 and at that time。when 可与 suddenly 连用以 加强语气。在此用法中在此用法中 when 不能用不能用 while 替换替换。 I was thinking about the basketball match w
18、hen someone knocked on my desk. 我正想着篮球比赛，这时突然有人敲了我的桌子。 He was sleeping when there was a knock at the door. 他正在睡觉，这时有人敲门。 【归纳拓展】when 作并列连词时的其他常见句型： Sb. had just done sth. when.某人刚做完某事，这时(突然) Sb. was about to do sth.when. 某人正要做某事,这时(突然) Sb. was on the point of doing sth. when.某人正要做某事，这时(突然) We had jus
19、t finished the task when the machine broke down. 我们刚完成任务，这时机器就坏了。 I was about to go out when someone came to see me.我正要出去,这时有人来看我。 He was on the point of saying something when someone burst into the meeting room. 他正要说话，这时突然有人闯入会议室。 【练习】语法填空 (天津高考单项填空改编) Iwas driving (drive) down to London when I sud
20、denly found that I was on the wrong road. 8 Tom was about to close the windowwhenhis attention was caught by a bird. She had just finished her homework when her motherasked(ask) her to practice the piano yesterday. （二）（二）“as.as.”结构的用法结构的用法 “as.as.”为“像/和一样”，表示同级比较，两个 as 之间通常使用形容词或副词的原级形容词或副词的原级。 第一个
21、as 为副词，第二个 as 为连词，后面的从句为比较状语从句。 “as.as.”的否定形式为“not as/so.as.”(不 如那样)。 Judy goes to the movies as often as Sara does.朱迪像萨拉一样经常去看电影。 特别提醒特别提醒： (1)“as.as.”结构中，第二个 as 引导的比较状语从句中常省去与主句相同的部分，只留下相比较的部分。 (2)“as.as.”结构中，第二个 as 引导的比较状语从句常用助动词或情态动词的某种形式代替与主句相同的谓语部 分。 【练习】单句写作 这本书就像我期待的那样有趣。 This book is just a
22、s interesting as I expected. 你越学越会发现英语不像它看起来那么难。 The more you study, the more you will find English is not so/ as difficult as it seems 她的嗓音像她母亲的一样甜美。 She has as sweet a voice as her mother Joan 每天花在看书上的时间和花在学习上的时间一样多。 Every day Joan spends as much time reading as she does studying. 9 语法语法 名词性从句名词性从
23、句 思维导图思维导图 【挖教材语法示例】完成下面教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征 1. Van Gogh paintedwhathe saw from his window the night sky with clouds, stars and a moon. 2. His unusual use of colour has led experts to thinkthatVan Goghs mental illness may have affected his sense of sight. 3. Whatmakes it striking is thatit shows a figur
24、e with an expression of fear the figures mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream. 4. In his diary, Munch talked aboutwhatinspired him. 5. Whatis strange isthatabove the house and the tree, we see a daytime sky full of brightness and soft white clouds. 6. His view wasthatart should shock
25、 the viewers and challenge their sense of reality. 名词性从句名词性从句主语从句宾语从句、表语从句主语从句宾语从句、表语从句 10 在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中的语法作用，又可分为主语从句、宾语从 句、表语从句和同位语从句。本单元只讲主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。 【语法精讲】【语法精讲】 名词从句常用的引导词： (1)从属连词：that, whether, if (连接作用，不作成分)； (2)连接代词：who(ever), what(ever), which(ever), whom(ever)(作主语，宾语，
26、表语，定语等名词性成分) (3)连接副词：how(ever), where(ever), when(ever), why(作状语)。 语序：名词性从句一律用陈述语序。 【主语从句【主语从句 】 在复合句中用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 一、由 that 引导的主语从句 （1）that 在主语从句中不充当句子成分，也没有含义，只起连接作用，但通常不能省略。 That we shall be late is certain.我们一定会迟到。 （2）that 引导的从句作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用 it 作形式主语，而将 that 引导的主语从句后置， that 不能略。常用 it 作形
27、式主语代替 that 从句的句型有以下几种： a. it + be +形容词+ that 从句 It is natural that they should have different views. 他们有不同的看法是很正常的。 b. it + be +名词+ that 从句 It is a pity that he cant swim. 很遗憾他不会游泳。 c. it +动词被动式结构+ that 从句 It is said that there has been an earthquake in India.据说印度发生了地震。 d. it +动词+宾语+ that 从句 It does
28、nt matter that.是无关紧要的 It strikes/hits sb. that.某人突然想到 It appears/seems/happens that.似乎/碰巧 It struck me that we ought to make a new plan. 我突然想到我们应该制定一个新计划。 二、whether/if 引导的主语从句 whether/if 在从句中不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，意为“是否”。whether 引导的主语从句可置于句首，也可 置于句末；而 if 引导的主语从句不能置于句首，只能置于句末。 Whether the meeting will be hel
29、d on time is still a question because of the hurricane. 由于飓风的影响，这次会议是否会如期举行还是个问题。 It is still under discussion whether/if the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel. 是否该把这个旧的公共汽车站换成一家现代化的旅馆仍在讨论中。 11 三、连接代词引导的主语从句 连接代词 who，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 等引导主语从句时，既起连接作用，同时在从句 中又
30、充当主语、宾语或表语等成分。 Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear.昨天是谁打破的玻璃还不清楚。 What she did is not yet known. 她做了什么还不知道。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished.任何人违反法律都应受到惩罚。 Whatever was said here must be kept secret.这里所说的一切都必须保密。 Whichever of you gets there first will get the prize.你们谁第一个到达那里谁就获奖。 四、
31、连接副词引导的祝语从句 连接副词 when，where，why，how 引导主语从句时，在句中既是连接词，又作状语；where 在主语从句中作地 点状语；when 作时间状语；why 作原因状语；how 作方式状语。连接副词引导的主语从句中也常用 it 作形式主语。 How the prisoner escaped is a complete mystery.囚犯是如何逃走的完全是个谜。 It makes no difference to me where we shall spend our holiday, for what I need is only relaxation. 我们到哪里
32、度假对我来说无关紧要，因为我所需要的只是放松。 【宾语从句】【宾语从句】 宾语从句就是在复合句中起宾语作用的从句。 一、连接词基本用法 连接词连接词功能及用法功能及用法例子例子 that 不充当任何成分，也没有含义，且通 常可以省略 I felt that she had a strong will. 我觉得她意志坚强。 whether/if 意为“是否”，常放在（短语）动词 ask, care, wonder, know和find out 等 后面。一般情况下，两者常可换用， 在口语中多用 if I do not know whether / if you like flowers. 我不知
33、道你是否喜欢花。 连接代词：who(ever), whom(ever), what(ever), whose , which (ever) 既起连接作用，又在从句中充当主 语、宾语等成分 I wonder what you call these flowers. 我不知道这些花叫什么。 连接副词：when(ever), where (ver), why, how(ever) 既起连接作用，又在从句中作状语 He didnt tell me when we would meet again. 他没有告诉我我们什么时候会再见面。 【注意】 1.不能省略不能省略 that 的情况：的情况： (1)当
34、主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时，引导词 that 通常不可省略。 12 Everyone could see, I believe, that Mike was very terrified.我相信每人都能看出迈克很害怕。 (2)如果动词后面带有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句，第一个宾语从句的引导词 that 可以省略，其余从句的引导词 that 不能省略。 I believe (that) you have done your best and that everything will go well. 我相信你已经尽力了，而且一切都会顺利的。 2.只能用只能用 whether 而不用
35、而不用 if 引导宾语从句的情况：引导宾语从句的情况： (1)直接与 or not 连用时。 I dont know whether or not they could pass the exam. 我不知道他们是否能通过考试。 (2)从句位于介词之后时。 I am not interested in whether they believe in me or not. 我对他们是否信任我不感兴趣。 二、（短语）动词后的宾语从句 情况情况例词例词例句例句 在一些表示坚持、命令、建议、要求 等意义的动词后，that 引导的宾语从 句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用 “(should+)动词原形” 一坚
36、持(insist)，二命令 (order，command)，三 建议(suggest, propose , advise) ， 四要 求(ask, demand, require, request) She insisted that she (should)organize the trip perfectly. 她坚持要把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。 He commanded that all the gates(should)be shut.他命 令关闭所有的大门。 I suggested that he(should) study harder.我建议他应 该更加努力学习。 The tea
37、cher requests that we ( should ) get along well with each other.老师要求我们彼此和睦相处。 it 作 形 式 宾 语 动词后面有宾语补足语的时 候，需要用 it 作形式宾语，而 将 that 引导的宾语从句后置 find , feel , consider ,make , believe We find it necessary that we practise spoken English every day .我们发现每天练习英语口语是有必要的。 一些短语动词后跟宾语从句时 要先在从句前加形式宾语 it owe to , se
38、e to , rely on , depend on Please see to it that the children go to by 9 oclock. 请务必让孩子们 9 点前上床睡觉。 You may depend on it that they will support you. 你放心好了，他们会支持你的。 有些表示喜好、增恶的动词后 接从句作宾语时要用 it 作形式 宾语 hate , like I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。 三、介词后的宾语从句 一般情况下，(短语
39、)介词后常接 wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。而 except, but 等少数介词后可接 that 引导的宾 语从句。 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。 13 I was curious as to what we would do next. 我很想知道下一步我们将做什么。 四、注意事项 1.宾语从句的时态和语序宾语从句的时态和语序 主句从句 时态谓语动词表示现在或将来概念时可根据需要选用合适的时态 过去时态一般要用与过去时态相关的某种时态 当表达客观事实、真理
40、、自然现象等时，通常用一般现在时 语序宾语从句一律要用陈述语序，且连接词位于从句句首 The teacher told us that Tom had left us forAmerica. 老师告诉我们汤姆已经离开我们去美国了。 The teacher said that the earth runs around the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。 2.否定转移否定转移：think, believe, suppose, imagine 等动词后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，通常要把否定词转移到主句谓语 上，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。存在否定转移现象的主从复合句变
41、反意疑问句时 应注意的问题：【否定前移】 若主句的主语是第一人称，反意疑问句的主语和谓语应分别与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致； 若主句的主语不是第一人称，反意疑问句的主语和谓语应分别与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。 I dont think he can remember the 100 words within two hours, can he? 我想他不能在两小时内记住这 100 个单词，是吗？ You dont think he passed the exam, do you?你认为他没有通过考试，是吗？ 3.doubt 用于否定句或疑问句时，其后用 that 引导宾语从句；用于肯定句时，
42、其后用 whether 或 if 引导宾语从句。 I never doubted that she would come.我从未怀疑过她会来。 I doubt whether/if the new one will be much better.我不敢肯定这个新的是否会好很多。 【表语从句表语从句】 在句中充当表语的从句称为表语从句。这种从句往进一步对主句的主语进行解释说明。引导表语从句的连接词 有连接代词（what, who, whom, whose, which 等），连接副词（when, where, how, why 等）以及 that, whether, as if/as thoug
43、h, because 等。 后跟表语从句的除 be 外，还有 appear, become, look, remain, seem, sound 等。 I feel sorry for her, but the fact remains that she lied to us. 连接词 1.that。仅起连接作用，无任何意义，在从句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。 My point is that you may have to face the problem.我的意思是你可能不得不面对这个问题。 2.whether。起连接作用，意为“是否”，但在从句中不作任何成分。注意注意：if 不能引导表
44、语从句。 14 The question is whether we can rely on him. 问题是我们能否信任他。 3.连接代词连接代词 what, who , whom , whose ,which 等等。除了在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还可充当主语、表语、宾语 等成分。 The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.问题是谁才真正适合做这份艰苦的工作。 4.连接副词连接副词 where, when, why, how 等等。除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还分别充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语。 Thats where I ca
45、nt agree with you. 那是我不同意你的地方。 5.as if/ as though/ because 等等。as if/ as though 引导的表语从句常置于系动词 look, seem, sound, be, become 等后面。 because 引导的表语从句常见于“This/That/It is/was because.”句型中 All this was over 20 years ago, but its as if / as though it was only yesterday. 所有这些都是 20 多年前的事，但似乎只是昨天。 Mary wouldnt l
46、ike to go out today. Thats because she doesnt feel well. 玛丽今天不想出门，那是因为她感觉不舒服。 【注意】 1.主句主语为 reason 时，表语从句的引导词要用 that，一般不用 why 或 because。 The reason for such a serious accident is that the driver was drunk. 2.在 advice, suggestion, order 等表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句中，谓语部分要用“should +动词原 形”结构，should 可以省略。 Jac
47、ks suggestion is that we (should) attend the meeting. 杰克的建议是我们应该参加会议。 巩固练习巩固练习 A 基础练基础练 知识巩固知识巩固 建议时间：建议时间：25 mins 一、一、单词拼写单词拼写(用本部分所学单词用本部分所学单词) Topic Talk 1.(2020山东济宁期末) The gold medal will be awarded to Mary for her outstanding performancein the bicycle race. 2.(2020天津市第一中学月考) In terms of skills,
48、 David is one of the best and most talentedbasketball players in our team.*解析就技术而言，大卫是我们队最优秀、最有天赋的篮球运动员之一。 3.(2020江苏南通联考)You look really fit andenergetic(精力充沛的), Carl! Thanks. After all, I have been running every day for half a year. 4.(2020甘肃兰州一中期末) Ever since their quarrel, there has been an unple
49、asant atmosphere(氛围) in the office. 5.Anexhibition(展览) of paintings is to be held at the museum next week. 6.I thinkclassical(古典的) music is good for my childrens future development. 7.Robots can also shine in fields that require high professional(专业的)skills. *解析机器人也可以在需要高专业技能的领域大放异彩。 8.(2020天津滨海新区联考
50、)The girl became the first Chinese singer to stand on the famous international stage(舞台). Lesson1 15 1. Lack of confidence can easily lead to failureto achieve ones goals. 2.(2020广东执信中学期末) It rained heavily in the south, which causedserious flooding in several provinces. 3.(2020山西吕梁期末)Sceneschange a
