1、Unit 4 Exploring literature Grammar and usage Lead-in 1 Step Whats the definition of modal verbs? 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话表示说话 人的情绪人的情绪,态度或语气的动词态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓但不能单独作谓 语语, 只能和其他只能和其他动词原形动词原形构成谓语。构成谓语。 情态动词的语法特征情态动词的语法特征 1. 情态动词情态动词 不能单独做谓语不能单独做谓语, 情态动情态动 词后接词后接动词原形动词原形。 2. 情态动词情态动词没有人称，时态
2、和数的变化没有人称，时态和数的变化， 但有些情态动词，如但有些情态动词，如can, may, will, dare 也有一般式和过去式的变化。也有一般式和过去式的变化。 常见的常见的情态动词情态动词 Modal verbs （4组）组） can / could, may / might, shall / should, will / would （4对）对） have to, had better, ought to, used to （3个）个） must, need, dare Exploring the rules 2 Step Below is a website article ab
3、out how to choose books. Find the sentences that use modal verbs and fill in the table below. The first one has been done for you. SuggestionSuggestion AbilityAbility NecessityNecessity PossibilityPossibility What shall I read? you can get ideas from different sources You can also read book reviews
4、in newspapers in magazines or online. Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily. A book review can also tell you whether a book is worth reading or not. what books you ought to read. However, you must also dec
5、ide for yourself what kind of books to read. You do not have to read a book just because everyone recommends it. You might have asked yourself this question more than once. These ideas should point you in the right direction. you may find yourself better able to seek out books to your taste Working
6、out the rules 3 Step a, d, e, f Exploring the usages of modal verbs4 Step 1. Ability 1. Ability （能力）（能力） 2. Obligation 2. Obligation （义务）（义务） 3. Certainty 3. Certainty （可能性）（可能性） 4. Permission 4. Permission （允许）（允许） 5. Make requests5. Make requests（提出请求）（提出请求） 6. Make suggestions6. Make suggestions（
7、提出建议）（提出建议） 7. Make offers7. Make offers（提供帮助）（提供帮助） 8. Give advice8. Give advice（提出意见）（提出意见） How can we deal with exercises concerning modal verbs? Language context (上下文、语境上下文、语境) Functions it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not A may _ can_ 表主观表主观“可能可能”表客观表客观“可能可能”
8、cannot_ may not_ 不可能不可能可能不可能不 may 和和can 1. He _ be at home, but Im not sure. 2. They (can/might) _ be away for the weekend but Im not sure. 3. You (may/might) _ leave now if you wish. 4. (Could/May) _ you open the window a bit, please? 5. They (cant/may not) _ still be out! 6. You (can/might) _ be r
9、ight but Im going back to check the times. might They_ be doing the experiment in the lab. Why？ Because the lights are still burning. A.could B.can C.must D.would 1. must 用于用于肯定句肯定句中表说话人的中表说话人的；或坚决；或坚决 要求某人做某事；要求某人做某事；否定否定mustnt 表禁止。表禁止。 I must go to the bank and get some money. Cars mustnt park in
10、front of the entrance. 2. 在以在以must 开头的疑问句中，肯定回答用开头的疑问句中，肯定回答用must; 否定否定 回答用回答用neednt 或或dont have to。 Must we hand in our exercise books now? Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 3.must 3. 表示可能性或肯定的表示可能性或肯定的。意为。意为“想必、准是、一想必、准是、一 定定”等，只用于肯定句。等，只用于肯定句。 He must be ill. He looks so pa
11、le. Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. must表主观意志，而表主观意志，而have to表由于客观因素不得不表由于客观因素不得不 做完成的事情。做完成的事情。 must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可表示过去的时没有过去式，除在间接引语中可表示过去的时 间。在直接引语中表示过去的时间用间。在直接引语中表示过去的时间用had to代替。代替。 比较比较must I will do anything for you. They wont lend us any more money. 2. 表表，用于疑问句
12、，用于疑问句; Will you send this letter for me, please? Would you mind leaving me alone for a few minutes? 3. 表表 She will listen to music, alone in her room, for hours. He would spend hours on the telephone. Applying the rules 5 Step B1 For the following groups of three sentences, tick the sentence which
13、uses the modal verb differently from the other two. B2 Below is an entry in a students reading journal. Complete the entry with the correct modal verbs in the brackets. cantmust could must can should ought to 可兼做行为动词的情态动词：可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare 情态动词 (+动词原形)行为动词 . need dare 1.1.无人称和数的变化无人称和数的变化; 2.
14、2.尤其用于：尤其用于： * *否定句及疑问句中否定句及疑问句中; ; * *在在if/whether之后之后; ; * *或与或与hardly, never, no one, nobody连用连用; ; 3. 3.常以常以neednt 和和darent 的形式出现的形式出现; ; 4.4.dare有其过去时有其过去时dared. . 多用于肯定句多用于肯定句; need to do dare to do need to be done need doing 1.判断正误判断正误: How dare you say such a thing? How dare you to say such
15、a thing? He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he? He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease. Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease. These dishes need be cleaned carefully. These dishes need to be cleaned carefully. T
16、hese dishes need cleaning carefully. 表示否定的情态动词的用法表示否定的情态动词的用法: 部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考 点之一。点之一。 mustnt 不准不准, 禁止禁止 neednt 没必要没必要 ( = dont have to ) cant 不能不能; 不可能不可能 may not 不可以不可以; 可能不可能不 shouldnt 不应该不应该 ( = ought not to ) 1. I take the book out? Im afraid not. A. Will B. May C. Must D.
17、 Need Challenge yourself 2. May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you . You read it here. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt 3. You _have a bicycle for your birthday. A. will B. may C. shall D. can 4. You buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont ha
18、ve to 5. “You _ have a wrong number,” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.” A. need B. can C. must D. would 6.Im afraid Mr. Harding _see you now. Hes busy. A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D .neednt 7. His doctor told him not to smoke any more，but he _ listen.wouldnt 翻译句子翻译句子() 1.1.昨晚那间屋子着火了，但那家
19、人都逃了出来昨晚那间屋子着火了，但那家人都逃了出来; ; 2.2.我不会告诉老师这件事我不会告诉老师这件事; ; 3.3.办公室不能抽烟办公室不能抽烟 ; ; 4.4.灯还亮着，他肯定在书房读小说灯还亮着，他肯定在书房读小说; ; 1.The house caught fire last night, but the family was all able to escape. 4.The light is still on. He must be reading in the study. 3.You mustnt smoke in the office. 2.I wont tell the teacher about it . When you learn, teach. When you get, give.
