1、1 课文语法填空课文语法填空 根据教材课文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (1) In spite of 7 killed and over 200 injured in an earthquake, 476 students and 36 teachers at Falmont Primary School 1._(escape) the disaster. Only 5 students suffered slight injuries. The head teacher 2._(name) Alice Brown was teaching when the fl
2、oor began to shake. Her students 3._(react) was quick and correct. Miss Brown 4._(quick) opened the classroom door 5._ might be damaged 6._ case it could not open. The moment 7._ shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. She signalled to her students
3、 to exit the classroom in an 8._(order) line. After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound, they relaxed, 9._(laugh), crying and hugging each other. The earthquake safety procedures 10._(practise) twice year, so the kids were calm enough to protect themselves during the earthquake. () Al
4、though a series of huge waves 1._(cause) by an undersea earthquake left thousands 2._(die), a 10-year-old girl named Sabrina Andron helped around 100 people escape danger with her basic knowledge of tsunamis. While people 3._( enjoy) the warm sea air and the soft wind on the sandy beach, Sabrina not
5、iced something odd. She said that the water looked like the bubbles on the top of a beer. She had just learnt about tsunamis in Geography lesson, and it immediately occurred 5._ her that these were signs of an 6._(approach) tsunami. Although frightened, she kept her head 7._ warned her parents of th
6、e danger, insisting that they talk to a safety officer. Much to her 8._(relieve), the officer realized the coming danger 9._(immediate) and the beach 10._(clear) of people soon, just before the huge waves crashed into the coast. 【答案【答案】(1)1. escaped2. named3. reaction4. quickly5. that/which6. in7. t
7、he8. orderly9. laughing10. are practised (2)1. caused2. dead3. were enjoying4. a5. to6. approaching7. and8. relief9. immediately10. was cleared M3U2 Natural disasters II 2 语言知识初探语言知识初探 I. 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词 1shock n. 震惊，令人震惊的事；休克 vt. 使震惊，使惊吓shocking adj. 非常糟糕的，令人气愤的（多修饰事 物）shocked n. 震惊的，愤慨的（多修饰人的感受、表
8、情、声音等） 2power n. 电，电力，能量；能力；政权；权力vt. 驱动，推动（机器或车辆）powerful adj. 有影响力的； 强有力的 3donate vt. 捐赠donation n. 捐赠,捐款donor n. 捐赠者 4distance n. 距离；远方；遥远；冷淡，疏远distant adj. 遥远的；疏远的distantly adv. 遥远地；有远亲关系 地 II. 根据提示补全下列短语 1. take the form of呈现的形状；采取的形式 2. break out突然开始，爆发 3. far and wide到处，各处 4. power failure停电 5
9、. run out of supplies用光补给 6. go through浏览，通读；经历；检查 7. emergency services紧急服务紧急服务 8. in the distance在远处 重点知识点解析重点知识点解析 知识要点 1 powern. U 电，电力，能量；能力；政权；U, C, usu pl. 权力vt. 驱动，推动（机器或车辆） (教材 P20) The strong wind and heavy rain didnt scare me, but I was quite frightened during the power failure. 强 风暴雨没有吓到
10、我，但是停电的时候，我吓坏了。 【用法详解】【用法详解】a power failure/cut 停电 a power plant 发电厂发电厂 wind/solar/nuclear power 风/太阳/核能 within ones power 在某人能力/权力范围内beyond/out of ones power 某人能力所不能及 have power over . 对有控制权，能支配 have power to do sth. 有能力做某事 be in power 执政，掌权 come into/to power=take power 上台，执政，掌权 如：It is not within
11、 my power (=I am unable or not in a position) to help you. 我是爱莫能助啊。 Human societies have the power to solve the problems confronting them. 人类社会有能力解决面临的问题。 He had lost the power of speech. 他丧失了语言能力。 world powers 世界列强，economic power 经济实力/ purchasing power 购买力，powerhouse 强大的集团（或组织 The car was powered(p
12、ower) by engine. eg.Chinahasbeen describedasan “emerging economic powerhouse”. 中国 被称为“崛起中的经济强国”。 3 【归纳拓展】【归纳拓展】词性转换： powerful adj. 有影响力的；强有力的 常见搭配powerful reasons/arguments 有说服力的理由/论据 a powerful organization 有影响力的组织 知识要点2和3 run out (of .),supply (教材P20) Were you afraid of running out of supplies? 你是
13、不是担心补给品用光了？ 【用法详解】【用法详解】(1) run out (of .) 用完，耗尽（供应品） 易混辨析run out of/run out/use up/give out 易混词组易混词组区别区别 run out 意为“用完， 耗尽”时， 为不及物不及物动词短语， 其主语一般为物， 其后不可以接宾语， 也不用被动 run out of意为“用完，耗尽”，为及物及物动词短语，其主语一般为人，其后要接宾语 give out意为“耗尽，用完”，为不及物不及物动词短语，其主语通常是物 use up意为“用光，用完”，为及物及物动词短语，其后可接宾语，可用于被动语态 如：But once
14、these plants use up/ run out of their stored reserve or tap out the underground supply, they cease growing and start to die. 但是， 一旦这些植物耗尽它们储存的水或者用完地下水源， 它们 就会停止生长并开始死亡。 It was feared that food supplies would give out/ run out/ be used up before the besieged town could be relieved. 人们担心食品储备在被围的城镇解围以前
15、就会耗尽。 归纳拓展run 构成的其他短语 run across 偶然遇见 run after 追捕；追求 run away from . 逃离 run into 撞上；偶然遇见；遇到（困难等） run for 竞选 run through 浏览；快速穿越 即时巩固用以上短语完成句子 Iher in the public library yesterday. Our food is. Will you go to the supermarket to buy some? You just cannot alwaysyour duty while faced with difficulty. F
16、ood supplies in the flood-stricken area are. We must act immediately before theres none left. 【答案】【答案】ran across/intorunning outrun awayrunning out 【用法详解用法详解】(2) supplyn. pl. 补给，补给品；C 供应量，储备；U 供应 常见搭配water supply供水 be in short supply 供应短缺 a supply of ./ supplies of . 的供应 supply and demand 供求 supply
17、chain 供应链 4 supply sb. with sth. =supply sth. to sb.供给某人某物 如：Since we will be walking for almost two weeks, I need to buy a large backpack in advance to carry my supplies of food and water. 因为我们需要徒步行走将近两周时间，所以我得预先买一个大 容量的背包来背我的给养食物和饮用水。 Books were in short supply (=there were not enough of them). 书籍
18、供应短缺。 Astroke can disrupt the supply of oxygen to the brain. 中风可导致大脑供氧中断。 易混辨析supply/provide/offer 的用法区别 supply sb. with sth. =supply sth. to sb. provide sb. with sth. =provide sth. for sb. offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb.双宾；offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事，提议做某事 即时巩固翻译句子 诸如煤和石油这样的自然资源供应不足。 The natural res
19、ources, such as coal and oil are. in short supply 一句多译：政府决定给难民提供住处。 The government decided tothe refugees houses.offer The government decided tohousesthe refugees.supply; to The government decided tothe refugeeshouses.supply; with 知识要点 4 donatevt. 捐赠，赠送；献（血），捐献（器官） (教材 P20) Luckily, many people came
20、 to help, donating food and clothes to charities. 幸运的是，许多人来帮忙，捐 赠食物和衣服给慈善机构。 【用法详解】【用法详解】donate sth. to sb./sth. 将某物捐赠给某人/某物 如：I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. 我发现假期前是鼓励孩子们捐赠不常用物品的好时机，而且效果很好。（2018全国卷） Before graduation, many
21、students in our school donated their books to the school library for the students in lower grades to use. 毕业前夕，我们学校的许多学生把他们的书捐赠给学校图书馆供低年级学生使用。 Many people donated that type of blood to rescue the severely injured boy. 许多人献了那个血型的血来救那个严重受伤的男孩儿。 【归纳拓展】【归纳拓展】词性转换： donor n. C 捐赠者；献血者 donation n. C, U 捐赠物
22、，捐赠，赠送 常见搭配make a donation (of sth. to .) （向）捐赠（某物） 如：The large hall was filled with people who came to make a donation to the earthquake victims. 这个大厅挤满了那些前来为地震灾民捐款的人们。 注意donate 虽然是及物动词，但不能接双宾语，而要用介词 to 构成 donate sth. to sb./sth.。有类似用法的词还 有 introduce, explain 等。 5 知识要点 5 go through (教材 P21) Next I
23、went through my notes of Mr Lis experiences . 之后，我浏览了我关于李先生的经历的笔记 【用法详解】【用法详解】go through 的用法： (1)通读，查阅。为及物短语动词。相当于 look through。如： He has the habit of going through newspapers after getting up. 他有起床之后浏览报纸的习惯。 (2)穿过，通过。为及物短语动词。如： The rope is too thick to go through the hole. 绳子太粗，穿不过这个孔。 (3)经历，遭受。为及物
24、短语动词，相当于 experience。如： Go through those things that seem impossible, and achieve what we never believe we can. 去经历那些似乎不可能做到的事情，去取得我们从不相信自己能取得的成就。 (4)仔细察看，检查，审查。为及物短语动词。相当于 go over。如： I would be grateful if you could go through my paper and make necessary changes. 如果你能仔细检查我的论文并作必要的修改，我将不胜感激。 (5)（法律、合
25、同等正式）通过。为不及物短语动词。主语通常为物。如： The plan went through at the meeting, which made us all quite happy. 会议通过了这项计划，这使我们都非常高兴。 【归纳拓展】【归纳拓展】go 构成的其他短语： go ahead 先走；发生，进行；开始做，着手干go away 走开，离开 go against 反抗；违反；对不利 go on 继续下去；发生；（时间）流逝 go by （时间）流逝，过去 go over 仔细检查（或审查、查阅）go in for 爱好；参加（考试或竞赛） go out 出去；（火或灯光）熄灭
26、go up 上升，上涨 go down 下降，下跌 go without . 没有也行 【即时巩固即时巩固】用以上短语完成句子 My grandmother was becoming more and more sad and frail 虚弱 as the years went by. Go over your work for spelling mistakes before you hand it in. They go in for tennis and bowls. The bedroom light went out after a moment. 知识要点 6 break out
27、 (教材 P26) The cries of women broke out; men looked at each other, but were silent. 女人们嚎啕大哭；男人们面面 相觑，但没有作声。 【用法详解】【用法详解】break out 意为“（战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然开始，爆发”，是不及物短语动词，不用于被动语 态。如： 6 Afire broke out in the restaurant last night. Fortunately, no one was hurt. 昨晚这家饭店发生了火灾。幸运的是，没有人受伤。 Her friends came to hel
28、p her when the war broke out. 战争爆发时她的朋友来帮助她。 【易混辨析】【易混辨析】break out/happen/take place 易混词易混词区别区别 break out意为“（战争战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然开始，爆发”。如： The Second World War broke out in September; 1939. 第二次世界大战于 1939 年 9 月爆发。 happen 意为“发生，出现”，常带有偶然偶然的意味，此时用物作主语，不用于被动语态；还可意为“碰巧， 恰好”，此时常用人作主语。如： The car accident happe
29、ned yesterday. 车祸是昨天发生的。 She happened to be out when we called. 我们打电话时，她恰好外出了。 take place意为“发生，进行”，常用来指按计划发生按计划发生的事，不用于被动语态。如： The film festival will take place in October. 电影节将于十月举行。 【归纳拓展】【归纳拓展】break 构成的其他短语： break away from 逃脱；背叛，脱离 break in 强行进入；打断，搅扰break into 强行闯入（某地）；突然开始（笑、唱等） break down 出故障
30、，坏掉；失败；垮掉 break up 解散；粉碎；绝交 break off 断开；停顿，中断；突然终止 break through 作出新的重大发现；突破；克服 【即时巩固即时巩固】用以上短语完成句子 Talks with business leaders broke down last night. MPs 国会议员 say they work too hard and that is why so many of their marriages break up 因而导致他们当中很多人婚姻破裂. Llewelyn broke off in mid-sentence. When his li
31、ps break into a smile, it is enough to melt any womans heart. 他粲然一笑就足以让任何女人心软。他粲然一笑就足以让任何女人心软。 知识要点 7 distancen. C，U 距离；sing. 远方；U 遥远；U, C 冷淡，疏远 (教材 P26) At that moment, they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet; beyond in the distance, they heard the crash of falling roofs. 那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；从另一
32、边，远处传来屋顶坍塌的声音。 【用法详解】in the distance 在远处 at/from distance 离一段距离；从远处 at/from distance of . 从远的地方（of 后跟具体的距离） keep sb. at distance 同某人疏远，对某人冷淡，与某人保持一定距离 keep ones distance (from .)（与）保持距离；疏远 如：I can see lights in the distance. 我能看到远处的点点灯光。 Polar bears - like all wild animals - should be photographed f
33、rom a safe distance. 拍摄北极熊跟拍摄所有的野生动物一样，应保持一段安全的距离。（2020浙江） 7 反义 The tower can be seen from a distance of 30 miles. 从 30 英里远的地方都可以看到这座塔。 It was very difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance. 很难搞懂她，因为她总是与每个人都保持一定的距离。 【归纳拓展】【归纳拓展】词性转换： （1）distant adj. 遥远的；远亲的；冷淡的 常见搭配
34、be distant from . 离远 （2）distantly adv. 远地；冷淡地；远亲关系地 如：Were distantly related. 我们是远亲。 【即时巩固】单句语法填空【即时巩固】单句语法填空 1. To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to _(distance) planets. 2. Soon, it ran away off the road and disappeared in _ distance. 【答案】【答案】1.
35、distant2. the 1. (教材 P20) The hurricane must have caused lot of damage and suffering. 飓风一定造成了很大的损失和痛苦。 【句式剖析】【句式剖析】此句中含有 must have done 结构。must have done 表示对过去所发生事情的肯定推测对过去所发生事情的肯定推测，意为“想必/ 准是/一定做了某事”，仅用于肯定句中。如： The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 路面是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。 You must have gone to be
36、d late last night. Your eyes are red. 你昨晚准是睡觉晚了，你的眼睛都红了。 补充must 表示推测时的常用结构: must do 表示对现在现在动作动作的肯定肯定推测 must be doing 表示对正在进行动作正在进行动作的肯定肯定推测 must have done 表示对过去过去动作动作的肯定肯定推测 【考点提炼】【考点提炼】“情态动词+have done”的用法 （一）表推测（表示对过去或已完成动作的推测） (1) 表肯定推测：must have done（“肯定做过某事”），may/might have done (2) 表否定推测：cant/c
37、ouldnt have done（“不可能做过某事”），may/might not have done （二）表虚拟 You shouldnt tell him about it.建议将来不要做某事 You shouldnt have told him about it. He is so sad now. You neednt do it. You neednt have got up so early. Its Sunday today. I could/might have come to your party yesterday, but my mom was seriously il
38、l. 总结should (not) have done sth., ought (not) to have done sth. _本（不）该做某事（而实际本（不）该做某事（而实际） neednt have done sth. _本不必做（而实际却做了）本不必做（而实际却做了） could/might have done sth. _本可以做某事（而实际本可以做某事（而实际） 8 （三）注意：情态动词表推测和情态动词表虚拟的的区别（三）注意：情态动词表推测和情态动词表虚拟的的区别 A. 情态动词表推测 must have done 意为：_肯定做过某事肯定做过某事 如：He must have
39、left this morning. may/might have done 意为：_可能做过某事可能做过某事 如：He might have come. Look, theres some money on the table. cant/couldnt have done 意为：_不可能做过某事不可能做过某事 如：He couldnt have come. Nobody saw him at the meeting. may/might not have done 意为：_可能没做过某事可能没做过某事 如：It may not/might not be Tom who stole the
40、money. B. 情态动词表虚拟 should/ought to have done 意为：_本该做某事（而实际未做）本该做某事（而实际未做） shouldnt/oughtnt to have done 意为：_本不该做某事（而实际已做）本不该做某事（而实际已做） neednt have done 意为：_本不必做某事（而实际已做）本不必做某事（而实际已做） could have done 意为：_本可以做某事（而实际未做）本可以做某事（而实际未做） might have done 意为：_本可以做某事（而实际未做）本可以做某事（而实际未做） 【即时巩固】【即时巩固】单句语法填空 Had t
41、hey known what was coming next, they _(have) second thoughts. We _(face) the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me? Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again. Oh, its too bad. You _(make) full preparations. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _(not take) the trouble to carry m
42、y umbrella with me. 【答案】【答案】7. might have had8. could have faced9. should have made10. neednt have taken 2. (教材 P25) Its ashy rocks, now dark, now light, told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！火山岩忽明忽暗，述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降 临！ 【句式剖析】【句式剖析】此句从句中含有
43、 be to do 结构，表示某事“即将发生”。 【考点提炼】【考点提炼】“be to do”结构的用法 该结构表示将来，主要有以下三方面的含义: （1）表示注定要发生的或不可避免会发生的事情注定要发生的或不可避免会发生的事情。如： The discovery is to have a major effect on the treatment of heart disease. 这一发现将对心脏病的治疗产生重大影响。 （2）表示按照计划、安排即将发生某事或者打算做某事按照计划、安排即将发生某事或者打算做某事 表将来。如： We are to meet at the school gate.
44、我们将在学校门口见面。 He said he was to finish the work in week. 说他将在一周之内完成这项工作。 （3）表示意志、意图、职责、义务、命令意志、意图、职责、义务、命令等。如： 9 You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes. 孩子们，你们必须上床睡觉并保持安静。我们的客人五分钟之内就要到了。 He said no one was to leave the building without the polices per
45、mission. 他说没有警方的允许，没有一个人可以离开这幢楼。 注意“be to do”结构中，若 do 与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式要用 to be done 的形式。如： The meeting is to be held next Monday. 会议将于下周一举行。 小试身手（小试身手（1）-完成句子完成句子 1. 你不能在室内吸烟。（be to do） _ 2. 他正处于非常艰难的时期。 He _ a very difficult time. 3. 我到了车站，却发现我要搭乘的火车已经开走了。 I reached the station _ that my train
46、had already left. 4. 我觉得我们一定是在什么地方拐错了路。 I think we _ a wrong turning somewhere. 【答案】【答案】1. You are not to smoke in the room.2. was going through3. only to find4. must have taken 单元重点语法单元重点语法动词不定式作定语和结果状语动词不定式作定语和结果状语 （一）动词不定式作定语（一）动词不定式作定语 阅读下列句子，注意不定式作定语的形式和位置 The car to be bought is for her sister
47、. 要要买的车是给她姐姐的。 He has no friend to depend on. 他没有可可依靠的朋友。（=who he can depend on） I have no chance to go abroad. He was the first student to get up this morning. Can I have something to drink? 总结总结不定式不定式作定语作定语 *解析解析 不定式作后置定语不定式作后置定语 1、不定式作定语的几种情况 不定式表将来。如： The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这
48、辆车是给他姐姐的。 中心词为地点、方式、工具地点、方式、工具等或不定代词不定代词，或被 the only/last/next/ ., the first 等序数词等序数词或最高级最高级修饰时。如： I have no pencil to write with. 不定式不定式*后置定语后置定语（to do, to be done）n. + （多个单词）（多个单词） 10 He is the first one to get to school. He was the best man to do the job. 被修饰词为抽象名词抽象名词，由原本加不定式的及物动词或形容词派生加不定式的及物动词
49、或形容词派生而来。此类抽象名词有：arrangement, desire, decision, attempt, determination, failure, hope, intention, need, order, plan, promise, refusal, wish 等 （动词派生） ； ability, anxiety, curiosity, eagerness, patience, willingness 等（形容词派生）。如： He made an attempt to overcome his weakness. His eagerness to get back home
50、 is quite obvious. 注意被修饰词与不定式间有时具有同位关系同位关系，即不定式解释说明中心词的内容不定式解释说明中心词的内容，相当于同位语。如： We are sure he has the ability to deal with the problem. 补充此类抽象名词还有：chance, opportunity, courage, efforts, evidence, means, way, time, right, reason, ambition, movement 等。如： He has an ambition to become a world champion
