1、 Verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements By the end of this section, you will be able to: understand the meaning of verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements; summarize the grammatical rules of verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object compl
2、ements; use verb-ed forms, verb-ing forms and to-infinitives to organize a paragraph based on the notes given. Exploring the rules Henry is reading a science magazine article about a world-changing discovery made by accident. Read through the article and fill in the following table. Tu YouyouAlexand
3、er Fleming Nationality Discovery Time of discovery Use of discovery Effect of discovery Prize ChineseScottish QinghaosuPenicillin 19721928 Treat malaria Treat wounds/ kill bacteria Benefited millions of patients Saved millions of life Nobel Prize, 2015Nobel Prize, 1945 Find verb-ed forms in the arti
4、cle and fill in the table below. The first one has been done for you. We should know the difference between verb-ed and the past form in the past tense. Verb-ed form as an attributive something produced by the mould Verb-ed form as an adverbial Verb-ed form as an object complement Surprised by this,
5、 Fleming performed some tests. get its mass production started the prepared mind 谓语谓语非谓语非谓语 谓语谓语非谓语非谓语 谓语谓语 非谓语非谓语 The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. What can you find out from the example sentences? 谓语谓语非谓语非谓语 作定语修饰作定语修饰something, something与与 produce
6、d之间为被动关系之间为被动关系 Surprised by this, Fleming performed some tests. 谓语谓语非谓语非谓语 过去分词做状语，描述主语状态过去分词做状语，描述主语状态 . his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started. 谓语谓语 非谓语非谓语 help (to) do. 宾语与宾补为被动关系宾语与宾补为被动关系 作定语修饰作定语修饰mind, mind与与prepared之之 间为被动关系间为被动关系 Fortune favours the prepared
7、 mind. 谓语谓语 非谓语非谓语 Working out the rules A verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb, indicating a(n) _ (active/passive) meaning. A verb-ed form can appear before or after a noun. It modifies the noun like a(n) _ (relative clause/ adverbial clause). A verb-ed form can be used as an adv
8、erbial or an object complement. passive relative clause 动词动词-ed形式（短语）具有形容词或副词的特点，在句子中可形式（短语）具有形容词或副词的特点，在句子中可 以充当：以充当： 1. 定语定语 a. 通常，单个的动词通常，单个的动词-ed形式放在所修饰词的前面，动词形式放在所修饰词的前面，动词-ed形形 式短语放在所修饰词的后面；有时单个的动词式短语放在所修饰词的后面；有时单个的动词-ed形式也可形式也可 作后置定语作后置定语。 eg Sharks have a highly developed sense of smell. Wea
9、lth got by labour is sweet in the enjoyment. The experience gained will be of great value to us. b. 作定语的动词作定语的动词-ed形式（短语）与所修饰词之间为动宾关系形式（短语）与所修饰词之间为动宾关系 ，有时表示该动作已完成。，有时表示该动作已完成。 eg Used cars are less expensive. 2. 状语状语 a. 动动词词-ed形式（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句形式（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子子 的的主语保持一致。主语保持一致。 b. 动词动词-ed
10、形式（短语）作状语时，可表示时间、原因、结形式（短语）作状语时，可表示时间、原因、结果果 、条件、让步、伴随或方式条件、让步、伴随或方式等。等。 eg Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. （时间）（时间） The children, exhausted (疲惫的疲惫的) by the journey, fell asleep at once. （原因）（原因） The teacup fell down to the ground, broken. （结
11、果）（结果） Considered from this point of view, the question under discussion is of great importance. （条件）（条件） Born of the same parents, he bears no similarity to his brother. （让步）（让步） The young man came into the room, followed by his friends. （伴随）（伴随） c. 动词动词-ed形式（短语）作状语时，前面可以加一个形式（短语）作状语时，前面可以加一个连连 词词，
12、使动使动词词-ed形式（短语）所表示的时间、让步、条形式（短语）所表示的时间、让步、条件件 等等关系关系更清更清楚。这类连词包括楚。这类连词包括although，if，once，though ，when，while，whenever，unless，as if，even though等等。 eg When combined with practice, theory becomes easier to learn. Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. Unless heated, a body w
13、ill have no tendency to expand (膨胀膨胀). 3. 宾语补足语宾语补足语 a. 动词动词-ed形式（短语）作宾语补足语时，表示被动或完成，有形式（短语）作宾语补足语时，表示被动或完成，有 时候两者兼而有之。时候两者兼而有之。 b. 动词动词-ed形式（短语）作宾语补足语的情况通常有以下几类：形式（短语）作宾语补足语的情况通常有以下几类： 用于用于“with / without复合结构复合结构”中；中； eg With the problem solved, the meeting came to its end. They sat still for a few
14、 minutes, without a single word spoken. 用于用于have，keep，leave，make等使役动词之后；等使役动词之后； eg Please keep us informed of the latest developments. We have made our views on these questions understood. 用于用于hear，feel，find，see等感官动词之后；等感官动词之后； eg He once heard the song sung in English. She was glad to see her chil
15、d well taken care of in the nursery (托儿所托儿所). 用于用于like，order，want，wish等表示等表示“希望，要求希望，要求”的动词之的动词之 后。后。 eg We want the work finished by next Monday. She began to wish the whole business finished. 【拓展拓展】 4. 表语表语 动词动词-ed形式作表语时通常用来表示主语的感受或所处的形式作表语时通常用来表示主语的感受或所处的 状态。状态。 eg He was very excited when he hea
16、rd the news. After a time I grew dissatisfied with the work. Applying the rules Rewrite the following sentences using a verb-ed form as an attributives, adverbial or object complement. 1 The scientist who has been highly praised won an award. The highly praised scientist won an award. 2 The experime
17、nt that is mentioned in your article is interesting. 3 The patients soon recovered because they were treated with the new medicine. The experiment mentioned in your article is interesting. Treated with the new medicine, the patients soon recovered. 4 The scientist found that the equipment in the lab
18、oratory had been destroyed. 5 Once this report is finished, it will be very useful for future research. The scientist found the equipment in the laboratory destroyed. Once finished, this report will be very useful for future research. 1 The highly praised scientist won an award. 2 The experiment men
19、tioned in your article is interesting. 3 Treated with the new medicine, the patients soon recovered. 4 The scientist found the equipment in the laboratory destroyed. 5 Once finished, this report will be very useful for future research. After being rewritten, in sentences _, the verb-ed forms are use
20、d as attributives; in sentences _, the verb-ed forms are used as adverbials; in sentences _, the verb-ed forms are used as adverbials. 1,2 3,5 4 Henry is reading an article about Franklins kite experiment. Complete the article below with the correct verb-ed forms or verb-ing forms. We should analyze
21、 the relationship between the logic subject and the verb to decide whether it is passive or active. Sometimes, verb-ed can be used as an adjective meaning “.的的”; verb-ing can be used as an adjective meaning “令人令人.的的”. Benjamin Franklin was a famous scientist, writer, printer, inventor and politician
22、. As a scientist, he was well known for his kite experiment. The story goes like this: Franklin had found lightning _ (interest) for years, believing it was actually electricity. He designed an experiment to prove his theory. He worked out that by flying a kite during a thunderstorm, electricity cou
23、ld go through the wet kite line down to earth. interesting _ (know) it was too dangerous to hold the wet line, Franklin held a silk ribbon _ (tie) to the end of it. He made sure the silk ribbon stayed dry so that the electricity would not go through his body. Then he attached a metal key where the r
24、ibbon and kite line joined. When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the key. _ (conduct) on a stormy day in 1752, his experiment proved lightning really was just electricity. Knowing tied Conducted Franklin had his theory _ (accept) by many people. However, some people questioned
25、whether he had actually done the experiment, _ (argue) that if he had really done it, he would have received a deadly electric shock. Whatever the truth, Franklin did make contributions to the studies of electricity. arguing accepted Why was Franklins experiment questioned? Because many people belie
26、ved that if he had really done the experiment, he would have received a deadly electric shock. I. Rewrite the following sentences using verb-ed forms. 1 The museum which was built in 1900 is still in excellent condition. The museum _ is still in excellent condition. 2 The seats which are reserved fo
27、r the disabled are just near the entrance. The seats _ are just near the entrance. 3 After he was encouraged by what Jane said, Peter walked to the centre of the stage. _, Peter walked to the centre of the stage. built in 1900 reserved for the disabled Encouraged by what Jane said 4 Unless I am invi
28、ted, I wont go to Jacks graduation party. _, I wont go to Jacks graduation party. 5 I liked the song that was sung in English. I liked _ in English. 6 When I got there, I noticed the car was stuck in the snow. When I got there, I noticed _ in the snow. Unless invited the song sung the car stuck II.
29、Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box below. inspire permit apply surround lock wait 1 They broke down the door to reach the people _ inside. 2 There is a long list of people _ for the job. 3 Im terribly sorry to have kept you _ for such a long time. 4 He left the hotel _
30、 by a crowd of fans and journalists. 5 Well go and have a picnic at the beach tomorrow, weather _. 6 _ by the old man, they decided to go out and explore the woods. locked applied waited surrounded permitting Inspired 1. They make great gifts and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelo
31、pes and messages of good fortune. （2020 全国卷全国卷II） decorated 2. Technological innovations, _ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products. （2020 江苏卷）江苏卷） A. combined with B. combining with C. having combined with D. to be combined with A 1. He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mo
32、uld were dead. surround v. to be all around sth/sb (使使)包围包围, 环绕环绕; 围绕围绕 【用法用法】 surround . with 用用包围包围 be surrounded by/ with sth./ sb.被被某物某物/某人所包围某人所包围 eg Tall trees surround the lake. The lake is surrounded with/by trees. 【拓展拓展】 surrounding adj. (作定语作定语)周围的周围的; 附近的附近的 surroundings n. (pl.) 环境环境(同同e
33、nvironment) 【语境应用语境应用】用用surround的适当形式填空。的适当形式填空。 1) Lucy was sitting on the floor _ by toys. 2) We decided to explore the _ countryside. 3) When he came back to life, he found himself _ by his children. 4) Its important to work in friendly _. surrounded surrounding surrounded surroundings 单句语法填空。单句语
34、法填空。 And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69._ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. (2020 全国卷全国卷III) surrounding 2. The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. indicate v. to show that sth is true or exists 表明表明
35、 eg Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast. 【用法用法】 indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指示向某人指示 indicate that . 指示指示；表明；表明 【拓展拓展】 indication n. 象征象征; 显示显示; 标标示示 There is no indication that. 无迹象表明无迹象表明 There are some indications that. 有迹象表明有迹象表明 eg There are clear indications that the economy is
36、improving. 3. Fortune favours the prepared mind. 幸运眷顾有准备的人。幸运眷顾有准备的人。 favour v. to treat sb better than you treat other people, especially in an unfair way 偏袒偏袒 to prefer one system, plan, way of doing sth, etc. to another 支持，赞同支持，赞同 to provide suitable conditions for a particular person, group, etc
37、. 有利于，有助于有利于，有助于 eg The current economy does not favour the development of small businesses. It remains to be seen if the show will still find favour with a 1990s audience. 【拓展拓展】 n. 恩恩惠惠; 照顾照顾; 好意好意; 关心关心; 支支持持 do sb. a favour 帮帮某人忙某人忙 ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙请某人帮忙 win sb.s favour 得到某人的欢心得到某人的欢心/好
38、感好感 in favour 得宠得宠 out of favour 失宠失宠 in favour of 赞成赞成; 支持支持; 有利有利于于 【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。 1) Could you _ and tell Kelly I cant make it? 你帮个忙告诉凯莉说我来不了好吗？你帮个忙告诉凯莉说我来不了好吗？ 2) Grammar-based teaching methods _ _ in the 60s and 70s. 在六在六七七十年十年代，以语法为基础的教学法失宠了代，以语法为基础的教学法失宠了。 do me a favour went out of fav
39、our 4. When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the key. charge v. to ask an amount of money for goods or a service 收费收费 to accuse sb formally of a crime so that there can be a trial in court 控诉控诉 to pass electricity through sth so that it is stored there 充电充电 eg The restaurant cha
40、rged 20 for dinner. Several people were arrested but nobody was charged. Before use, the battery must be charged. 【用法用法】 charge sb. for 为为向向某人收取费用某人收取费用 charge sb. with (doing) sth. = accuse sb. of 控告某人控告某人(做做)某某事事 【拓展拓展】 n. 费用费用; 主主管管 take charge of 掌掌管；负管；负责责 in charge of 主管，负责主管，负责 in/under the c
41、harge of 由由负责负责 free of charge 免免费费 【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。 1) Your order will be delivered _ (免费免费) within a ten-mile limit. 2) They charged me five dollars _ a cup of coffee. 3) The project is _ (在在掌管之下掌管之下) an experienced engineer. 4) The man arrested by the police _ (被指控被指控) stealing. was charged with free of charge for in the charge of Read the notes about Alfred Wegener and his theory of continental drift of B3. Write a short paragraph using verb-ed forms, verb-ing forms and to-infinitives.
