1、Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Grammar and usage Verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements Grammar and usage 1. Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the Peoples Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize, awarded for her contribution to the fight against
2、 malaria, one of the deadliest diseases in human history. 2. To speed up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first. to-infinitive as attributive to-infinitive as adverbial of purpose Find to-infinitives and figure out their functions.
3、Lead-in 1. She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. 2. When there was no research equipment, they had to extract herbs using household water containers. 3. Perhaps the next generatio
4、n of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial to global health care. verb-ing forms as adverbials Lead-in Find verb-ing forms and figure out their functions. verb-ed forms as attributives Lead-in Find verb-ed forms and figure o
5、ut their functions. 4. Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. 5. Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments. verb-ed forms as adverbials Lead-in Find v
6、erb-ed forms and figure out their functions. Why in the above five sentences verb-ed forms are used rather than verb-ing forms? Exploring the rules The verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb, indicating a(n) (1) _(active/passive) meaning. passive Rule 1 Exploring the rules Verb-ed f
7、orms as attributives something produced by the mould Verb-ed forms as adverbials Verb-ed forms as object complements the prepared mind surprised by this get its mass production started Exploring the rules Henry is reading a science magazine article about a world-changing discovery. Find the verb-ed
8、forms in the article and fill in the table below. The first has been done for you. The verb-ed form can appear before or after a noun or pronoun. It modifies the noun or pronoun like a(n) (2)_ (relative clause/adverbial clause). relative clause Rule 2 Rule 3 The verb-ed form can be used as an adverb
9、ial or an object complement. Exploring the rules Verb-ed forms as attributives 观察下列句子中动词-ed形式作定语的位置 The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. Fortune favours the prepared mind. 单个单个动词动词-ed形式形式作定语，常被置于被修饰词作定语，常被置于被修饰词之之前；前； 动词动词-ed形式短语作定语，常被置于被修饰词之后。形式短语作定语，常
10、被置于被修饰词之后。 注意注意1： 总结总结1： 动词-ed形式通常表示被动含义, 但不及物动词的-ed形式除外。 a respected writer =a writer who is respected trained employees =employees who have been trained before the sunken ship =the ship that has sunken fallen leaves =leaves that have fallen 比比 较较 及物动词的及物动词的动词动词-ed形式作定语，通常即表示已经完形式作定语，通常即表示已经完 成，又可以
11、表示被动的意义。成，又可以表示被动的意义。 不及物不及物动词的动词的-ed形式作定语，常表示已发生的动作形式作定语，常表示已发生的动作。 总结：总结： 注意注意2： Verb-ed forms as attributives 1. Most of the people (invite) to the party are famous scientists. 2. The EMS (post) yesterday will reach my brother in three days. 3. There has been nothing (change) here since I left th
12、is city. 4. She is a (respect) teacher. invited posted changed Practice respected Verb-ed forms as adverbials 注意注意1: 观察下列句子中的动词-ed形式表达的意义 Seen from the top of the mountain, the river looks like a dragon. Greatly interested, I began to read the book. The professor entered the hall, followed by a grou
13、p of students. 动词-ed形式作状语，常表示时间、原因、伴随情 况等。 总结总结1: 特别提醒：特别提醒： Given more time, he could finish the task. ( ) Given more time, I think he could finish the task. () 动词-ed形式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。 Rewrite the following sentences, verb-ed forms as adverbials. Practice 1. He was buried in an ocean of loneliness
14、 and felt left out. Buried in an ocean of loneliness, he felt left out. 2. As she was given advice by the famous detective, the girl was no longer afraid. Given advice by the famous detective, the girl was no longer afraid. 3. Even if he was laughed at by many people, he continued his research. Laug
15、hed at by many people, he continued his research. Verb-ed forms as object complements 注意注意1：观察什么动词后常接动词-ed形式作宾语补足语？ 1. I heard him criticized many times. 2. You will see this product advertised wherever you go. 3. They will have you arrested if you dont pay your taxes. 总结总结1： 动词-ed形式可在see, hear, not
16、ice, feel, have, make, keep, leave等动词后作宾语补足语。 Fill in the blanks, using the correct verb forms. 1. I watched him _ (step) off the pavement and _ (disappear) into the post office. 2. The hall was too noisy for the speaker to make himself _ (hear). 3. We found all the rivers seriously _ (pollute). 4.
17、Alice got her bad tooth _ (pull out) in the hospital. step polluted disappear pulled out Practice heard 1. The scientist who has been highly praised won an award. 2. The experiment that is mentioned in your article is interesting. 3. The patients soon recovered because they were treated with the new
18、 medicine. Rewrite the following sentences using verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials or object complements. B1 The highly praised scientist won an award. The experiment mentioned in your article is interesting. Treated with the new medicine, the patients soon recovered. Applying the rules 4. T
19、he scientist found that the equipment in the laboratory had been destroyed. 5. Once this report is finished, it will be very useful for future research. Rewrite the following sentences using verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials or object complements. B1 The scientist found the equipment in the
20、laboratory destroyed. Once finished, this report will be very useful for future research. Applying the rules Benjamin Franklin was a famous scientist, writer, printer, inventor and politician. As a scientist, he was well known for his kite experiment. The story goes like this: Franklin had found lig
21、htning (1) _ (interest) for years, believing it was actually electricity. He designed an experiment to prove his theory. He worked out that by flying a kite during a thunderstorm, electricity could go through the wet kite line down to the earth. (2) _ (know) it was too dangerous to hold the wet line
22、, Franklin held a silk ribbon (3) _(tie) to the end of it. He made sure the silk ribbon stayed dry so that the electricity would not go through his body. Then he attached a metal key where the ribbon and kite line joined. When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the key. (4) _ (con
23、duct) on a stormy day in 1752, his experiment proved lightning was really just electricity. Franklin had his theory (5) _ (accept) by many people. However, some people questioned whether he had actually done the experiment, (6) _ (argue) that if he had really done it, he would have received a deadly
24、 electric shock. Whatever the truth, Franklin did make contributions to the studies of electricity. B2 Henry is reading an article about Franklins kite experiment. Complete the article below with the correct verb-ed forms or verb-ing forms. interesting Knowing tied Conducted accepted arguing Looked
25、at a world map and found the eastern coastline of South America and the western coastline of Africa could fit together; Did more research and put forward the theory of continental drift; Published his ideas in The Origin of Continents and Oceans; People did not accept his theory partly because: it c
26、hallenged many theories at that time; Wegener could not explain the driving force behind continental drift. Looking at a world map, Alfred Wegener found . B3 Read the notes below about Alfred Wegener and his theory of continental drift. Then write a short paragraph using verb-ed forms, verb-ing form
27、s and to-infinitives. The beginning has been written for you. Looking at a world map, Alfred Wegener found something amazing: the eastern coastline of South America and the western coastline of Africa seemed to fit together. He did more research to find out what caused this. Having collected enough
28、evidence, he put forward his theory of continental drift. Then he had his ideas published in The Origin of Continents and Oceans. However, people did not believe in his theory. For one thing, it challenged many scientific theories widely accepted at that time. For another, Wegener failed to explain the driving force causing the continents to drift apart. Sample Finish Part C on page 76. _
