1、Discovering useful structures Words review so as to recycle muscle lack float otherwise beyond solar solar system current figure out sufficient 为了；以便为了；以便 vt. 回收利用；再利用回收利用；再利用 n. 肌肉；实力；影响力肌肉；实力；影响力 n. 缺乏；短缺缺乏；短缺 vt. 没有；缺乏没有；缺乏 vi. 浮动；漂流浮动；漂流 vt. 使浮动；使漂流使浮动；使漂流 adv. 否则；要不然否则；要不然 prep. 在更远处；超出在更远处；超出
2、adj. 太阳的；太阳能的太阳的；太阳能的 太阳系；类太阳系太阳系；类太阳系 adj. 当前的；现在的当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流水流；电流 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 adj. 足够的，充足的足够的，充足的 Read after the tape and speak out the Chinese immediately. On September 27, 2008, Zhai Zhigang, a Chinese astronaut, climbed out of the spacecraft _ (fix) a Chinese flag on the outside o
3、f the spaceship. He is the first Chinese astronaut _ (make) spacewalk. to fix to make Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words. Whats the function of them? to + 动词原形动词原形 Infinitive 动词不定式动词不定式 Is “to fix” the attributive or adverbial? Is “to make” the attributive or adverbial? 1. I train
4、ed for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot. 2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space. 3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 4. Some scientists were determined to help humans realize their dream to ex
5、plore space. 5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. Study the following sentences and tell the functions of the italicized part. infinitive as adverbial infinitive as adverbial infinitive as adverbial infinitive as attributive infinitive as attributi
6、ve Find more examples from the unit. P42 1 .and scientists work hard to find answers They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe. For example, Americas NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977 to study deep space. These disasters made e
7、veryone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003 (as adverbial) (as attributive) (as adverbial) (as attributive) (as attributive) More examples. (as adverbial) . followed by th
8、e vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface, . China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 to dock with it. This signalled one step further in Chinas plan to establish a space station in the future. . of the far side of the moon to make measurements and ob
9、servations . and China all have plans to further study and explore planets like Mars and Jupiter. (as adverbial) (as adverbial) (as attributive) (as adverbial) (as attributive) More examples. Focus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法 infinitive as attributive 不定式作定语不定式作定语 2. 不定式作定语时与被修饰词存在不定式作定语时与被修饰词存在逻辑上的逻辑上的 关系
10、关系。 He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave. 他总是第一个来最后一个走。他总是第一个来最后一个走。 The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve. 老师给我们留了很多题要解答。老师给我们留了很多题要解答。 I have a wish to go to college. 我有一个上大学的愿望。我有一个上大学的愿望。 主谓关系主谓关系 动宾关系动宾关系 同位关系同位关系 1. 不定式作定语，一般都是作不定式作定语，一般都是作后置定语后置定语，修，修 饰前面的名
11、词或代词。饰前面的名词或代词。 1. 当当被被the first, the last, the only等词以等词以 及形容词最高级修饰时及形容词最高级修饰时常用不定式作后常用不定式作后 置定语。置定语。 2. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词等复合不定代词常用不定式作常用不定式作 后置定语。后置定语。 Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. The next train to arrive was from Shenzhen. 3. 不定式作定语不定式作定语也可
12、用在也可用在have to do和和 there be句型句型中。中。 4. 当不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词语有当不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词语有 逻辑上的逻辑上的动宾关系动宾关系时，不定式动词应该是时，不定式动词应该是 及物动词；若及物动词；若不定式动词为不及物动词不定式动词为不及物动词， 则该动词则该动词必须与介词连用必须与介词连用，组成及物的动，组成及物的动 词短语。词短语。 Please pass me some paper to write _. There is no one to take care of her. I have no jewelry to wear. on Fo
13、cus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法 infinitive as adverbial 不定式作状语不定式作状语 不定式作状语可以表示不定式作状语可以表示目目 的的、结果结果或或原因原因等。等。 1. 目的状语目的状语 He came here to attend an important meeting. 他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。 He laid down his life to save the child. 他为了救这个孩子献出了生命。他为了救这个孩子献出了生命。 He shouted and waved in order to be notic
14、ed. 他喊了一声，挥了挥手，以引起注意。他喊了一声，挥了挥手，以引起注意。 Ill write down his telephone number so as not to forget it. 我会记下他的电话号码，以免忘记。我会记下他的电话号码，以免忘记。 有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用 in order (not) to do，和，和so as (not) to do结结 构（构（so as to do不可以置于句首）。不可以置于句首）。 2. 结果状语结果状语 He returned home to learn his daughter ha
15、d just been engaged. 他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。 He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him. 他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。 What have I said to make you so excited? 我说了什么使你这么激动我说了什么使你这么激动? ? 不定式作结果状语常与不定式作结果状语常与learn, find, see, hear, make等动词连用。等动词连用。 She was so angry as to be una
16、ble to speak. 她气得连话都说不出来。她气得连话都说不出来。 The boy is old enough to take care of himself. 这个男孩够大了，可以自己照顾自己。这个男孩够大了，可以自己照顾自己。 He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. 他匆匆忙忙赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经走了。他匆匆忙忙赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经走了。 Im too tired to stay up longer. 我太累了，不能再熬夜了。我太累了，不能再熬夜了。 不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型结构
17、：不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型结构： so/such as to do enough to do only to do (常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果) too to do 3. 原因状语原因状语 Im glad to see you. 很高兴见到你。很高兴见到你。 Sam was very surprised to hear the news. 萨姆听到这个消息很吃惊。萨姆听到这个消息很吃惊。 I was a fool not to listen to you at that time. 我真是个傻瓜，当时不听你的话。我真是个傻瓜，当时不听你的话。 Replac
18、e the italicized parts by using infinitives or “in order to /so as to + do”. 1 In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space. In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space. 2 In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycle
19、d for later use. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use. 3 Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space. 4 Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravi
20、ty, so they need to exercise every day, which will heip them stay healthy. 5 Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise. 6 During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control
21、. P42 2 3 Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space. Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dream to fly into space one day. 4 Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due
22、to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will heip them stay healthy. Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day to/in order to/so as to help them stay healthy. 5 Astronauts have to use tape to stick
23、 everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space to/in order to/so as to keep everything from floating off. 6 During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep thei
24、r bodies under control. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly to/in order to/so as to keep their bodies under control. Check your answers. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy
25、 goal _ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, _ (use) the current technology, it would take over two years _ (get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing _ (know) in the universe, it could take more than four yea
26、rs to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists figure out a way _ (store) sufficient food and water for the long journey? Is it possible to travel faster than light? No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as
27、_ (help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space. to achieve using to get known to store to help P42 3 . Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs. 1. As it is at the end of summer, people think it is their last chance _ (have) fun before going back to boring work. 2
28、. I think you have every right _ (complain). 3. _ (make) friends easily, you need to be very kind. 4. Its never too old _ (learn). 5. He went back only _ (find) the door firmly locked. to have to complain To make to learn to find 6. We are very pleased _ (hear) your wonderful news. 7. He is too read
29、y _ (help) others. 8. The child has no toys _ (play) with. 9. There is no time _ (lose). 10.Would you be so kind as _ (tell) me the time? to help to hear to play to lose to tell 1. 她总是第一个到教室，最后一个离开的。她总是第一个到教室，最后一个离开的。 She is always the first to arrive and the last to leave the classroom. 2. 孩子们，安静一下
30、，我有件事情要宣布！孩子们，安静一下，我有件事情要宣布！ Be quiet please, boys and girls, I have an announcement to make. . Translate the following sentences into English. 3. 这只狗很勇敢，跳到水里救那个小女孩。这只狗很勇敢，跳到水里救那个小女孩。 The dog was brave enough to jump into the water to save the little girl. 4. 有很多作业要做，我没时间出去玩了。有很多作业要做，我没时间出去玩了。 I hav
31、e no time to play outside with so much homework to do. Self-evaluationSelf-evaluation 1. Can you make up sentences with infinitive as attributive and adverbial about your space dreams? 2. Can you use them correctly? 各个击破 1. Finish the exercises in Learning English. 2. Preview Listening and Talking on page 43.
