1、句型 1It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛世界末日即将来临! 本句为复合句,句中 as if 引导的从句为表语从句。 as if 引导从句的用法 as if 意为“仿佛,好像”,其意义和用法与 as though 相同。 (1)as if 引导的从句一般用虚拟语气,但如果从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大,则用 陈述语气。 She looks as if she were ten years younger.她看起来好像年轻了 10 岁。(虚拟语气) There is a lot of cloud.It seems
2、as if its going to rain.有这么多乌云,看起来好像要下雨了。(陈述语气) (2)as if 引导的从句有时可用省略形式,as if 后面可接副词、不定式、名词、分词或介词短语等。 He acted as if(he were) a fool.他做起事来像个傻瓜。 The boy looked as if(he was)in search of something. 那个男孩看起来好像在寻找什么东西似的。 The man stops from time to time as if (he is) to find whether he is being followed. 这
3、个人时不时停下来,好像在看是否有人在跟踪他。 根据汉语意思完成句子 (1)看起来好像我们队要赢得比赛了。 It looksour teamwin the game. (2)当一支铅笔的一部分置于一杯水中时,它看起来就像折断了一样。 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks. (3)这个病人张了张嘴好像要说什么。 The patient opened his mouthsomething. 参考答案 (1)as if;is going to (2)as if it were broken (3)as if to say 句型 2Ab
4、out 75 per cent of the citys factories and buildings,90 per cent of its homes,and all of its hospitals were gone.整座城市基本上都被毁了。城市里大约 75%的工厂和建筑物、 90%的家园和所有的 医院都消失了。 本句是简单句,句中有三个主语,即 about 75 percent of the citys factories and buildings,90 percent of its homes 和 all of its hospitals。 分数表达法 (1)表达“百分之”用 p
5、er cent/percent。 65 per cent/percent of the houses 百分之六十五的房屋 (2)分子在前,分母在后;分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子是 2 或大于 2 时,分母用复数形式。 one fourth 四分之一three fifths 五分之三 two thirds 三分之二 two and three fifths 二又五分之三 学法点拨 “二分之一”用 a half/one half 表示;“四分之一”用 a fourth/one fourth 或 a quarter/one quarter 表示。 归纳拓展 some of, plenty of,
6、 a lot of, most of, the rest of, all of, half of, part of 以及“分数/百分数+of+名词”做主语 时,谓语动词的单复数由 of 后面的名词或代词的单复数决定。 A lot of parcels are transported to all over China during the “Double-11” festival every year.每年的“双十 一”购物节期间,大量的包裹被运到中国各地。 A lot of money has been wasted for no reason.许多钱被无缘无故地浪费了。 More than
7、 70% of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 地球超过 70%的表面被水覆盖着。 1.单句写作 (1)Two-thirds of the students in that class(在中扮演一个角色)the new TV series. (2)As a result of the serious flood,in the area(三分之二的建筑物需要维修). 2.单句语法填空 (1)This is because two-thirds of the earths surface(make) up of vast oceans.
8、(2)More than two-thirds of the students(see) the film already. (3)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which(be) saved for other purposes. 参考答案 1.(1)play a part in (2)two-thirds of the buildings need repairing 2.(1)is made (2)have seen (3)were 句型 3The most powerful earthquake
9、 in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday,killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,and at least four other countries.在过去 40 年里最强烈的地震导致了一场海啸,这场海啸昨日摧毁了横穿亚洲的海岸线, 导致印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家的 6 500 多人死亡。 本句为主从复合句,句中 thatcountries
10、是定语从句,修饰先行词tsunami;在该定语从句中含有现在分词 短语 killing,在从句中做结果状语。 现在分词(短语)做结果状语 现在分词(短语)做结果状语的用法: (1)语法含义：表示意料之中的、自然而然的结果，现在分词前有时可加 thus 以示强调。 (2)逻辑主语：句子的主语或现在分词前的整个句子。当现在分词的逻辑主语为前面的整个句子时，其 作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 (3)时态特征： 现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后， 因此做结果状语的现在分词只 用一般式。 (4)位置：通常位于句末，且常用逗号与前面的句子成分隔开。 (5)扩展性：一般可转换为 so th
11、at 引导的结果状语从句。 All the boats have been destroyed by the enemies,leaving us no chance to leave the island.敌人破坏了所有 的船,这使我们无法离开这座岛。 He did his homework carelessly,making a lot of mistakes.=He did his homework carelessly so that he made a lot of mistakes.他做家庭作业时粗心大意,结果犯了很多错误。 1.单句语法填空 (1)The bell(indicat
12、e) the end of the period rang,(interrupt) our heated discussion. (2)Rock,country music,jazz and pop have become a fixed part of many countries,(lead) to local varieties(变体)like Australian country music and Russian rock. 2.一句多译 雨天持续了几日,毁掉了我们去野餐的计划。(ruin) (1)The rainy weather lasted for a couple of da
13、ys,thusour plan for a picnic. (2)The rainy weather lasted for a couple of days,our plan for a picnic. (3)The rainy weather lasted for a couple of daysour plan for a picnic. 参考答案 1.(1)indicating;interrupting (2)leading 2.(1)ruining(2)which ruined(3)so that it ruined 句型 4Fishermen,tourists,hotels,home
14、s,and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.达到九级的强震引发的巨浪卷走了渔民、游客,冲毁了旅馆、 家园和汽车。 句式剖析 本句为复合句,句中 thatof 9.0 为定语从句,修饰 earthquake;另外,waves 后面的 caused byof 9.0 为过 去分词短语做后置定语,表示被动含义,相当于“which/that were caused”。 考点提炼 过去分词做定语 (1)过去分词做定语常用来修饰名词或代词,其
15、逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。及物动词的过去 分词既表示被动又表示完成;不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成。 (2)过去分词做定语分为前置和后置两种情况: 前置定语:单个的过去分词做定语,通常放在被修饰词之前,但有些单个的过去分词习惯上放在所修 饰词语的后面,如 left(剩余的)。 后置定语:过去分词短语做定语时,通常放在被修饰词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。 This is a used stamp.这是一张用过的邮票。(表示被动和完成) They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。(只表示完成) There
16、 is little time left.Lets hurry up.剩余时间不多了,我们快点吧。 Is this the book recommended by the teacher?(=Is this the book which was recommended by the teacher?)这 是老师推荐的那本书吗? 经典例题 单句语法填空 (1)Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time(spend) with his students. (2)After completing and signing it,pleas
17、e return the form to us in the envelope(信封)(provide). 参考答案 (1)spent句意:吉姆已经退休了,但他仍记得与他的学生一起度过的快乐时光。根据句意并分析句子结 构可知,the happy time 与 spend 是逻辑上的动宾关系,且此处表示一个已完成的动作,所以用过去分词做 定语。 (2)provided句意:填好表格并签名后,请将表格用所提供的信封寄给我们。provide 与 envelope 是逻辑 上的动宾关系,表示被动,应该用过去分词做后置定语。 句型 5Indian officials said as many as 1,
18、900 had been killed along the southern coast.印度方面的政府官 员称,在南部海岸线附近已有多达 1 900 人死亡。 本句为复合句,主句为Indian officials said,其后为宾语从句;在该从句中含有as many as短语,修饰1,900。 asas 结构 (1)asas 结构的几种形式: as many+可数名词复数形式+as Youve made as many mistakes as I have.你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。 as much+不可数名词+as I can carry as much paper as you can
19、.我能和你搬一样多的纸。 as+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数形式+as He is as honest a man as you.他和你一样诚实。 as+adj./adv.(原级)+as His bedroom is as neat as his elder sisters.他的卧室和他姐姐的一样整洁。 (2)asas 结构表示同级比较,意为“和一样”,其中第一个 as 是副词,第二个 as 是连词。 (3)asas 结构可用于肯定句或否定句中,该结构用于否定句中时可与 soas 结构互换。 根据汉语意思完成句子(用 asas 结构完成句子) (1)第一课与第二课一样容易。 Lesson
20、1 isLesson 2. (2)杰克与凯特学习一样努力。 Jack studiesKate. (3)我很少看到妈妈像现在这样对我的进步这么满意。 I have seldom seen my motheras she is now. (4)我们邻居家的房子和我们乡下的房子一样大。 Our neighbor hasas ours in the country. 参考答案 (1)as easy as (2)as hard as (3)so/as pleased with my progress (4)as big a house/a house as big 句型 6I was having br
21、eakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我正和我的三个 孩子在吃早餐,这时水开始涌进房子了。 本句是一个并列句,句中含有“Sb. was doing sth. when.”这一句型,when在句中为并列连词,意为“这时(突 然)”。 Sb. was doing sth. when (1)此句型表示“某人正在做某事,这时(突然)”,句中 when 做并列连词,连接两个并列分句,前一分句 通常用过去进行时,后一分句通常用一般过去时。 (2)when 表示“这时/那时(突然)”时,相当于 and then,a
22、nd just then 或 and at that time。when 可与 suddenly 连用以加强语气。在此用法中 when 不能用 while 替换。 I was thinking about the basketball match when someone knocked on my desk. 我正想着篮球比赛,这时突然有人敲了我的桌子。 He was sleeping when there was a knock at the door.他正在睡觉,这时有人敲门。 归纳拓展 when 做并列连词时的其他常见句型: Sb. had just done sth. when.某人
23、刚做完某事，这时(突然). Sb. was about to do sth. when.某人正要做某事，这时(突然). Sb. was on the point of doing sth. when.某人正要做某事，这时(突然). We had just finished the task when the machine broke down. 我们刚完成任务机器就坏了。 I was about to go out when someone came to visit me. 我正要出去,这时有人来拜访我。 1.单句语法填空 (1)I(drive) down to London when I
24、 suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. (2)Tom was about to close the windowhis attention was caught by a bird. (3)She had just finished her homework when her mother(ask) her to practise piano yesterday. 2.结合 when 做并列连词的用法续写下列句子 (1)One day he was taking a walk in the park when a dog suddenly. (2)The coach was on the point of giving up the game when our team. 参考答案 1.(1)was driving(2)when (3)asked 2.(1)appeared(from nowhere)/barked at him/(2)scor
