（2021新人教版）高中英语必修第一册暑假衔接讲义( 全册12份).zip

Period12 【Todays words】 不知道：I have no idea how. 值得的:pay off 或 be worthwhile 有助于:contribute to 进行（实施）研究:conduct 有空的：be available 忙于:be engaged in/be occupied with Todays phrase:take out 发泄（怨） 取出(灰尘污渍) 去掉stains from ones clothes. 注：为了发泄心中的怨恨，她取出了尘封已久的飞镖，她要除掉 【Todays sentence】 It is not only/not this activity but also/but the awareness it has aroused （唤 起）that matters most. 【Todays tricks】阅读技巧：意群阅读 【查漏补缺】 介词的分类、介词的用法、介词的词义辨析介词的分类、介词的用法、介词的词义辨析 考点考点 1：介词的分类：介词的分类 介词是一种虚词,一般不重读,在句中不单独作任何句子成份,一般放在名词之前。介词后面的 名词或相当于名词的词语叫做介词宾语。介词的英文缩写代表符号为：prep. 可分为时间介词、 方位介词、方式介词等 常见的介词 有：about、 after 、before、 among、 between、 beside、near、 by、next to、 in、 out、 behind、 in front of、 up、 down、 on、 under、 with、 without、 at、 from、 off、 to、 past、 like。 考点考点 2：介词的用法：介词的用法 知识点：知识点： 表示方位的介词：表示方位的介词：in, to, on 1. in 表示在某地范围之内。如： Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 2. to 表示在某地范围之外。如： Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。如： Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。 表示时间的介词：表示时间的介词：in, on, at 1.in 表示笼统的时间。 Eg: I was born in January. 我出生在一月份。 2.On 表示具体的时间,在出现日期时使用。 Eg: I was born on June 5th. 我出生在六月五日。 3.At 表示时间的某一点。 Eg: I go to school at seven in the morning. 我早晨 7 点钟去上学。 表示计量的介词：表示计量的介词：at, for, by 1. at 表示“以速度”“以价格”。如： It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour. 它以每小时 900 公里的速度飞行。 I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 2. for 表示“用交换,以为代价”。如： He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。 注意：at 表示单价(price) ,for 表示总钱数。 3. by 表示“以计”,后跟度量单位。如： They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 表示材料的介词：表示材料的介词：of, from, in 1. of 成品仍可看出原料。如： This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 2. from 成品已看不出原料。如： Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in 表示用某种材料或语言。如： Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。 They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。 注意：in 指用材料,不用冠词；而 with 指用工具,要用冠词。请比较：draw in pencil/draw w ith a pencil。 表示工具或手段的介词：表示工具或手段的介词：by, with, on 1. by 用某种方式,多用于交通。如 by bus 乘公共汽车,by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。 注意：表示搭乘交通工具时,用 by 时不用冠词,用 in 时要用冠词。请比较： I went there by bus/in a bus. 我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。 2. with 表示“用某种工具”。如： He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。 注意：with 表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。 3. on 表示“以方式”,多用于固定词组。 They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。 She learns English on the radio/on TV. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。 表示关于的介词：表示关于的介词：of, about, on 1. of 仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。如： He spoke of the film the other day. 他前几天提到了这部影片。 He thought about this matter yesterday. 他昨天考虑了这件事。 2. about 指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。如： Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗？ 3. on 指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。如： Its a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。 表原因或理由的介词：表原因或理由的介词：for, at, from, of, with, by, because of 1. for 表示原因,常与 sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame 等词连用。如： I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。 2. at 指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而”。如： He was surprised at the news. 听到这消息他大吃一惊。 3. from 指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。如： He died from the wound. 他因受伤而致死。 4. of 指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。如： The old man died of hunger. 老人死于饥饿。 5. with 指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。如： Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 他们听到这个消息,欣喜若狂。 He was shaking with anger. 他气得浑身发抖。 6. by 表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。 Her body was bent by age. 他因年老背弯了。 She took your umbrella by mistake. 我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。 表示好像或当作的介词：表示好像或当作的介词：like, as 1. like 表示“像一样”,其实不是。如： Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud. 彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健 和自豪。 2. as 表示“作为,以身份”,其实也是。如： He talked to me as a father. 他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。 注：as 作连词时,可表示“好像”。如：The work is not so difficult as you imagine 这 工作不像你想像的那么困难。 表示支持或反对的介词：表示支持或反对的介词：against, for against 反对,for 支持,互为反义词。如： Are you for my idea or against it? 你赞同还是反对我的想法？ 表示除某人某物外的介词：表示除某人某物外的介词：besides, except 1. besides 是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除外,还”。如： Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外,还有 30 个学生去看了电影。(他 和另外 30 人都去了) He is interested in tennis besides（=as well as）football. 除了足球,他还对网球感兴趣。 2. except 是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去”。如： Everyone is excited except me. 除我以外的每个人都很激动。（他们激动,而我却不激 动） All the visitors are Japanese except him. 除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是 日本人,可他不是） 其他介词：其他介词： 1. off 离开,脱离 Eg: The plane is taking off. 飞机正在起飞。 2. from 从来 E.g： Where are you from? Im from China. 你从哪里来？我来自中国。 3.to 到 Eg: go to bed 上床睡觉 Please come to my home tomorrow. 请明天来我家。 4.past 过（时间表达词,一般在半个小时之内表示过了几分钟,这种表达要先说分钟,后说小时, 中间加介词 past）。 Eg: I get up at ten past six. 我在六点十分起床 to 差（时间表达词,一般在半个小时以后表示还差几分钟就到下一个小时了。这种表达法也 是先说分钟,后说小时,中间加 to. 但是所用的小时要用下一个小时 Eg: It is ten to one. 现在是 12：50。（差 10 分钟 1 点。） 5.about 大约，关于 Eg: He is about 7 years old. 他大约 7 岁了。 We usually talk about English. 我们经常谈论有关英语的话题。 6.after and before 这是一对反义词，表示时间上的 After 在 之前 before 在之后 Eg: I have breakfast before school. 我上学前吃早饭。 I do my homework after school. 我放学后做作业。 7. Among and between 表示在当中。Among 在中间，表示在三者或三者以上的中间；between 在 之间，表示在两者之间。 Eg: He is the tallest among the students. 在这群学生当中，他是最高的。 The apple is between two cups. 苹果在两个杯子之间。 8.beside、 by、 near、 next to 这几个词都可以表示在旁边，在附近，靠近的意思。区别在于： by 和 near 表示靠近，在旁边距离稍微远一些。 Eg: My house is by the river.我的家在河边。 I live near the park. 我住在公园附近。 beside 在的旁边，靠近，距离稍微近一些。 Eg: There is a book beside the pen. 钢笔附近有一本书。 next to 与相邻，紧挨着，距离更近。 Eg: The bedroom is next to the bathroom.卧室紧挨着浴室。 9.in and out 这是一对反义词， in 在里面，out在外面 Eg: There is a book in my bag. 在我的书包里有一本书。 Please look out of the window. 请看窗外。 10.behind and in front of 这是一对反义词，behind在后面，in front of 在前面 Eg: There is a boy behind the door.在门后面有一个男孩。 There is a tree in front of the house.在房子前面有一棵树。 11.on and under 这是一对反义词，On 在上边，under在下边。 Eg: The book is on the desk.书在桌子上。 The ball is under the chair.球在椅子下边。 12.up and down 这是一对反义词，up向上， down向下。 Eg: Stand up, please.起立！ Sit down, please.请坐！ 13.with and without with 和在一起。表示伴随。without 没有 Eg: I often go shopping with my mother.我经常和妈妈一起去购物。 Fish cant live without water. 鱼离开水就不能活。 介词短语：介词短语： 1. because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。如： He retired last month because of illness/because he ill. 2. owing to 多表示引起某不良后果的原因。如： Owing to the rain they could not come. 由于下雨他们没来。 3. thanks to 表示引起某种幸运结果的原因,常译为“幸亏,多亏”。如： Thanks to John, we won the game. 多亏约翰,我们才赢了这场比赛。 4. out of 表示动机的起因,常译为“出于”。如： He asked the question out of curiosity. 他出于好奇才问了那个问题。 5. through 多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。如： The war was lost through bad organization. 战争因组织不周而失败了。 动词+to a）动词+ to adjust to 适应, attend to 处理；照料, agree to 赞同, amount to 加起来达, belong to 属于, come to 达到, drink to 为干杯,get to 到达, happen to 发生在某人身上, hold to 紧握, le ad to 通向, listen to 听, occur to 想起, object to 反对,point to 指向, respond to 回答, refer to 参考；指的 是；涉及, reply to 回答, see to 负责, stick to 坚持, turn to 求助, write to 给某人写信。 b）动词（+sth.）+to+sb. announce to 通知某人, describe to 向某人描述, explain to 向某人解释,express to 对某人表达, mention to 提及, nod to 向某人点头, report to 报告, say to 告知, shout to 对某人大叫, suggest to 对某人提建议,speak to 与某人交谈, talk to 跟某人谈话, whisper to 和某 人低声耳语。来源：考试大 c）动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb. add to 增加, compare to 比作, carry to 运送至, devote to 致力于,introduce to 介绍给, invite to 邀请参加, join to 连接到, leave to 委托给, reduce to 下降至, sentence to 判处, take to 带到。 be +形容词/过去分词+ to be alive to 觉察；晓得, be attentive to 注意；留心, be awake to 知晓, be blind to 缺乏眼光, be close to 紧挨着, be common to 对某人来说很普通, be contrary to 违反；反对, be devoted to 致力, be deaf to 不 愿意听, equal to 有的力量, be exposed to 暴露；遭受, be fair to 对公平, be familiar to 对某人来说 熟悉, be grateful to 对某人心存感激, be good to 对有好处, be harmful to 对有危害, be important to 对重要, be kind to 友好对待, be known to 周知于, be married to 嫁给, be moved to 转移到, be near to 靠近, be necessary to 对有必要,be opposite to 在对面, be opposed to 反对, be pleasant to 合某人之 意, be proper to 专属, be polite to 礼貌待人, be rude to 粗暴对待, be relative to 与有关, be strange to 不 习惯, be similar to 类似, be suitable to 适合, be true to 忠实, be thankful to 感激, be useful to 对有用, be used to 习惯。 to+名词构成的词组 to a degree 在某种程度上, to date 到现在为止,to ones feet 跳起来, to ones mind 照看来, to ones surprise 使吃惊,to ones taste 符合胃口, to oneself 独自享用, to orde r 定做,to the letter 不折不扣地, to the point 中肯地 二、at 的常见用法 at 构成的词组比较多,要细心区分。 动词+ at arrive at 抵达,call at 访问某地, catch at（it）当场抓住, come at 攻击, fire at 向开火,glance at 瞟一眼, glare at 怒目而视, grieve at 忧伤,knock at 敲,laugh at 嘲笑, look at 看一眼, pull at 拉扯, rejoice at 对 高兴,smile at 向某人微笑, shoot at 朝射击, stare at 怒目而视,thrust at 刺向,tear at 撕, tremble at 颤抖, wonder at 吃惊,work at 工作。 be +形容词/过去分词+ at be angry at 恼怒于, be alarmed at 对保持警觉,be astonished at 对吃惊, be bad at 不擅长, be clever at 对某事很灵巧,be delighted at 高兴, be disgusted at 厌恶, be disappointed at 对失望,be good at 擅长, be impatient at 对不够耐心, be ma d at 狂热于,be pleased at 对感到高兴,be present at 出席, be satisfied at 满意,be surprised at 吃惊, be s hocked at 对非常震惊, be terrified at 受到的恐吓,be quick at 对很机敏。 at+名词构成的词组 at a distance 在一定距离,at a loss 不知所措, at a time 一次,at all 一点也不,at any cost 不惜一切代价,at b est 最好也只是,at first 起初,at hand 手头,at heart 在内心里,at home 在家；无拘束,at last 最后,at least 至少,a t most 最多,at once 马上, at present 目前。 三、介词 on 的常见用法 动词+on a）动词+ on 要认真区分下面一些词组 act on 对有作用, bring on 促使；导致, call on 拜访某人,count on 依赖,carry on 执行,depend on 取决, f eed on 以为生,figure on 料想；推断,go on 继续, have on 穿着, insist on 坚持,keep on 继续, lean on 依赖 live on 以为生, pull on 迅速穿上,put on 穿上, switch on 接通（电源）,take to 喜欢；养成；轻易学会,turn on 接通（电源）, work on 操作, wait on 侍 候 b）动词+sb.（sth.）+ on +sb.（sth.） base on 以为基础, congratulate on 恭贺, fix on 固定,have mercy on 怜悯,have pity on 怜惜, keep watc h on 监视, spend on 把时间/精力花在某方面。 be+形容词+on 的词组 be dependent on 依赖, be hard on 对某人苛刻,be impressed on 对印象深刻,be keen on 渴望, be strict on 对严格。 on+名词构成的词组 on board 乘（车,飞机）,on call 听候召唤, on duty 值班, on earth 到底, on fire 着火, on foot 步行,on gua rd 在岗,on hire 雇用,on holiday 度假 四、介词 in 的常见用法 动词+in a）动词+ in believe in 信任, break in 碎成,bring in 引起；产生；带来, call in 下令收回, fill in 填充,get in 收获, hand in 上缴, involve in 涉及, lie in 在于, result in 导致, share in 共享,succeed in 成功, take in 卷起；订阅, turn in 归还当局。 b）动词+sb./time/money+ in help sb. in 帮助某人做某事, spare time/money in 匀出时间或钱做某事, spend time/money in 花时间或钱做某事,waste time/money in 浪费时间或钱做某事。 be +形容词+ in be active in 活跃于,be absorbed in 专心致志, be busy in 忙碌, be born in 出生于,be concerned in 牵涉, be clothed in 穿着, be disappointed in 对失望, be diligent in 勤于, be experienced in 在有经验, be employed in 任职于, be engaged in 忙碌, be expert in 某方面的专家, be excellent in 在优秀, be interested in 对有兴趣, be lacking in 缺乏, be rich in 富有,be slow in 迟缓,be successful in 在某方 面成功, be skilled in 精于,be strict in 严于, be weak in 弱于。 in +名词 in advance 提前,in all 总共,in balance 总而言之,in bed 卧床,in body 亲自,in brief 简明扼要,in case 万一, i n charge 主管,in danger 有危险, in debt 负债, in despair 失望,in force 大量地；有效,in full 全部地, in flower 开花,in general 一般说来,in itself 本身, in love 恋爱, in order 井然有序, in person 亲自, in public 公开地, in progress 有进展, in practice 从实践上看, in rags 穿着破衣, in research 探索, in return 作为报答,in ruins 一片废墟,in short 总之,in theory 从理论上看, in trouble 有麻 烦, in tears 眼泪汪汪,in time 及时, in turn 按顺序, in vain 白白地,in view 看得见。 五、介词 from 的常见用法 动词+from a）动词+ from come from 来自,date from 追溯, depart from 违背, die from 死于, escape from 逃出,fall from 自跌落, h ang from 垂挂, hear from 收到来信,learn from 向某人学习, return from 自某地返回,rise from 自冒出, r esult from 起因于, suffer from 忍受。 b）动词+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place borrow from 向借, choose from 选自, excuse from 免除, keep from 阻止做,prevent from 不准做, protect from 不受之害, receive from 收到,remove from 移动；除去, save from 保全；拯救, separate from 分离 开来,stop from 阻止。 be +形容词+ from be absent from 缺席,be different from 与众不同, be far from 更不用说, be hidden from 躲避,be made fro m 用制成, be tired from 因而疲倦。 fromto from bad to worse 每况愈下,from beginning to end 自始至终,from cover to cover 从头到尾,from China t o Peru 到处,from day to day 一天一天地,from door to door 挨家挨户,from end to end 从头至尾,from firs t to last 自始至终, from hand to mouth 勉强糊家, from head to foot 从头到脚, from mouth to mouth 广泛流传, from sun to sun 从日出到日落, from start to finish 从头开始,from top to toe 从头到脚,from time to time 不时地,from top to bottom 彻底 地。 【练习】 1. My cousin visited his old friend (during) his stay in London 2.There is a newly-opened store(opposite)my house. 3.We should wear sunglasses to protect our eyes_(against)the sun. 4.The moonlight entered the room_(through)the window and it made the room bright and warm at night. 5.My father is very busy and he works every day_(except) Sunday. 6.There was a big old tree _(beside)my house in my hometown. 7.The boy felt really excited to sit_(beside) his favourite writer. 8.Though the US government has made some decisions_ (against)Huawei, nothing can stop Huawei from achieving their dreams. 9.Spring may be on its way, but many parts of the world are still_(under) the winter. 10.If everyone tries harder to fight_(against) pollution, the environment will improve. 11._(among)all the subjects, I am most interested in English. 【答案】1.during 2. opposite 3. against 4. through 5.except 6.beside 7. beside 8.against 9.under 10. against 11. Among 词汇短文填空 5 题 1.Although she got homesick (在期间) the first few months of training. 2.And they know the difference (在之间) those who treat them well and those who dont. 3.Sometimes, a little bit of focus makes the difference _(在之间) failure and success. 4.In 1969, the pollution was terrible _ （沿着）a river in Ohio. 5.The show also tells the moving stories_ (在.后面) those people. 6.In my opinion, its hard to choose _(在.之中) dumplings, noodles, roast duck, rice and seafood. 7.He had a surprising discovery_ (在. 后面)his home. 【答案】1. during 2. between 3. between 4. along/ down 5. behind 6. among 7.behind 【exercise 读后续写】 第二节 读后续写（满分 25 分）2020 浙江 阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事 “Im going to miss you so much, Poppy,” said the tall, thin teenager. He bent down to hug his old friend goodbye. He stood up, hugged his parents, and smiled, trying not to let his emotions（情绪） get the better of him. His parents were not quite able to keep theirs under control. They had driven their son several hours out of town to the university where he would soon be living and studying. It was time to say goodbye for now at least. The family hugged and smiled through misty eyes and then laughed. The boy lifted the last bag onto his shoulder, and flashed a bright smile. “I guess this is it,” he said. “Ill see you back home in a month, okay?” His parents nodded, and they watched as he walked out of sight into the crowds of hundreds of students and parents. The boys mother turned to the dog, “Okay, Poppy, time to go back home.” The house seemed quiet as a tomb（坟墓） without the boy living there. All that week, Poppy didnt seem interested in her dinner, her favorite toy, or even in her daily walk. Her owners were sad too, but they knew their son would be back to visit. Poppy didnt. They offered the dog some of her favorite peanut butter treats. They even let her sit on the sofa, but the old girl just wasnt her usual cheerful self. Her owners started to get worried. “What should we do to cheer Poppy up?” asked Dad. “Weve tried everything.” “I have an idea, but it might be a little crazy,” smiled Mom. “Without anybody left in the house but us, this place could use a bit of fun. Lets get a little dog for Poppy. It didnt take long before they walked through the front door carrying a big box. Poppy welcomed them home as usual but when she saw the box, she stopped. She put her nose on it. Her tail began wagging（摆动）ever so slowly, then faster as