1、书面表达专题书面表达专题 -How to write a letter for advice 如何算是一篇好文章?如何算是一篇好文章? 覆盖了所有的要点覆盖了所有的要点 应用了较多的语法结构和词汇应用了较多的语法结构和词汇词汇词汇,句型句型 (高级)和语法多样化(较复杂)(高级)和语法多样化(较复杂) 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑,行文连贯,条理清楚。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑,行文连贯,条理清楚。 写作要点:写作要点: 1.建议信:作者就有关问题进行分析并针对这些问题提出自己的看法和建议。建议信:作者就有关问题进行分析并针对这些问题提出自己的看法和建议。 2
2、. 对象:对象: 1)写给个人,就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点;)写给个人,就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点; 2)写给某个组织和机构,就改进其服务提出建议或忠告。)写给某个组织和机构,就改进其服务提出建议或忠告。 3. 基本框架:基本框架: 开头(开头(beginning)- 开门见山,向对方陈述自己的观点开门见山,向对方陈述自己的观点.(state your idea) 主体主体(body)- 对所提出的问题进行分析并说明理由,接着提出自己的建议对所提出的问题进行分析并说明理由,接着提出自己的建议(reasons and evidence) 结尾结尾(ending)- 呼应开
3、头,重申观点呼应开头,重申观点(restate your opinion.) 4. 注意事项:注意事项: 1)建议信要写出写信的原因建议信要写出写信的原因,建议的内容 建议的内容,提出建议的理由提出建议的理由,提出的理由要入情入理提出的理由要入情入理,语气一定要礼貌当先语气一定要礼貌当先。因此建议信因此建议信 要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力;要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力; 2)建议的角度要多样化,避免重复。可从政治、经济、文化、伦理、法律以及个人等多角度给出建议;)建议的角度要多样化,避免重复。可从政治、经济、文化、伦理、法律以及个人等多角度给出建议; 3)符合英
4、文信件的基本格式;)符合英文信件的基本格式; 4)基本时态多用一般现在时和一般将来时。)基本时态多用一般现在时和一般将来时。 常用套语常用套语 A建议信开头常用句式建议信开头常用句式 (照应材料照应材料,表明写作意图表明写作意图) 1.After I read your letter, I am sorry to know that 2.I am very glad to hear that you want to 3.I know you have trouble inafter reading your letter 4. I am writing to you for the purpo
5、se of 5. I am writing to share some advice/opinions with you. 6. You have asked me for some advice with regard to and I will try to make some conductive suggestions. 7. You have asked me for my advice about/on 8. I am writing to you in reply to . 9. I am writing to express my views on/ concerning 10
6、. Its my pleasure to offer you some advice on. 11.Im more than privileged to offer you some advice on. 12.I am writing to give you some suggestions ,which I think may be helpful to you. 13.I am writing to share my views upon this problem ,which I think may be helpful to you. 14.Here are my suggestio
7、ns/tips on learning English. 15.Here are several useful and practical suggestions for you. 16.Some suggestions can be listed as follows. 17.In my opinion, it would be wise to take the following action. 练习练习-翻译下面句子:翻译下面句子: 1. 最近怎么样?最近怎么样? 2. 我很高兴收到你的来信,征求我关于我很高兴收到你的来信,征求我关于如何学习中文如何学习中文的的建议。建议。 3. 得知你
8、在学习中文上有困难,我很荣幸能给你提供一些有用的建议。得知你在学习中文上有困难,我很荣幸能给你提供一些有用的建议。 4. 你像我寻求一些(关于)学习中文的建议,我将尽力给你一些建设性的建议。你像我寻求一些(关于)学习中文的建议,我将尽力给你一些建设性的建议。 B. 建议信正文常用句式(详述建议,合情入理)建议信正文常用句式(详述建议,合情入理) 1. Have you considered doing./ So why not do.? 2. Dont you think it more beneficial if you could 3. I would like to suggest th
9、at you (should) 4. If I were you, I would 5. When it comes to such a situation, I would like to make a suggestion that you (should) 6. Youd better do./ It is/ seems better for you to do. 7. The best way to do sthis to do / There is no better way to do sth than to do sth . 8. How/ What about doing.?
10、9. What if.? 10. It would be a good idea if. 11 .I think it would be more beneficial if you could 12. I would like to suggest/recommend that 13. is a good/great idea. 14. You may consider doing 15. It would seem/seems to me that you could 16.Only when youcan you. 17. What you need to do first is to
11、do sth. 18.be supposed to do 练习练习-翻译下面的单词和句子:翻译下面的单词和句子: 1. 首先:首先:_;_;_;_. 2. 我想要建议你报名参加一门中文课,你可以在课堂上向老师学习并且和同学一起练习。我想要建议你报名参加一门中文课,你可以在课堂上向老师学习并且和同学一起练习。 3. 其次:其次:_;_;_;_;_. 4. 观看中文电视和阅读中文书籍和报刊杂志也是非常有用的。观看中文电视和阅读中文书籍和报刊杂志也是非常有用的。 5. 观看中文电视和阅读中文书籍和报刊杂志也是一个好想法。观看中文电视和阅读中文书籍和报刊杂志也是一个好想法。 6. 这样做,不仅能提高你
12、的阅读能力,而且能丰富你的知识、开阔你的视野。这样做,不仅能提高你的阅读能力,而且能丰富你的知识、开阔你的视野。 7. 当谈及中文学习时,我认为没有什么比唱中文歌更好的激发学习兴趣的了。当谈及中文学习时,我认为没有什么比唱中文歌更好的激发学习兴趣的了。 8. 为了让学习中文不那么无聊,为什么不尝试着学唱一些中文歌?为了让学习中文不那么无聊,为什么不尝试着学唱一些中文歌? 9. 最后:最后:_;_;_;_. 10. 我认为如果能交一些中国朋友将会更好我认为如果能交一些中国朋友将会更好,因为他们会告诉你很多关于中国的事情并且帮助你学好中文。因为他们会告诉你很多关于中国的事情并且帮助你学好中文。 C
13、.建议信常用常用关联词建议信常用常用关联词 1. 表示总结表示总结/归纳的过渡词或短语归纳的过渡词或短语: in a/ one word, altogether, all in all, on the whole, to sum up/ conclude/ summarize, in conclusion/ summary/ sum, in short 2. 表示递进表示递进/ 增补的过渡词或短语增补的过渡词或短语 moreover ; whats more; besides;in addition; also; whats worse; worse still; even worse; to
14、 make matters/ it worse; even; again; as well (as); apart from; too/ either; further more; not onlybut also; and ;neithernor;both and 3. 表示转折表示转折/让步的过渡词或短语让步的过渡词或短语: but; however; yet; although; even if/ though; even so/ not; whatever.; however.; . as.; despite; in spite of; regardless of; while.; a
15、fter all;otherwise;on the one hand, but on the other hand, ; some, but others; for one thing., but for another (thing). 4. 表示原因的过渡词或短语表示原因的过渡词或短语: because, since, as, for, now that, because of, thanks to, due to(由于)(由于), owing to, in view of, on account of, as a result/ consequence of 5. 表示结果的过渡词或短语
16、表示结果的过渡词或短语: so, thus, therefore, consequently, accordingly, as a result/a consequence;in consequence, so that, for this reason, the reason for/ why.is that. 6. 表示条件的过渡词或短语表示条件的过渡词或短语: if, unless , as long as, on condition that., once. 7. 表示时间的过渡词或短语表示时间的过渡词或短语: (and) then, after that, next, finally
17、, eventually, later, in the end, recently, at the same time, (in the) meanwhile, at first, at last, from now on, until/ till, afterwards, on/ upon doing, shortly/ soon after, before long, at the beginning of 8. 表示论述顺序关系的过渡词或短语表示论述顺序关系的过渡词或短语: first, first and foremost, firstly, second, secondly, thi
18、rd, thirdly, above all, first of all, to begain/ start with, last but not least, lastly 9. 表示解释说明的过渡词或短语表示解释说明的过渡词或短语: in other words; that is (to say); namely; ., which means 10. 表示进行举例说明的过渡词或短语表示进行举例说明的过渡词或短语: for instance, for example, such as, like, examples include., .and so on, and/ or the lik
19、e, take. for example 11. 表示比较对比的过渡词或短语表示比较对比的过渡词或短语: instead; instead of; meanwhile; on the contrary; unlike; different from.; as. as.; on the one hand, and on the other hand, ; some, and/ while others; . while.; for one thing., and for another (thing).; similarly; equally; similar to.; in the same
20、way/ manner 12. 表示强调事实的过渡词或短语表示强调事实的过渡词或短语: in fact/ reality/ truth/ practice, to tell you the truth, to be honest/ frank/ sure, as a matter of fact, honestly speaking, actually, above all, after all, anyway, anyhow, certainly/ surely, indeed, really, especially, in particular, truly, importantly, m
21、ost important, obviously, only/ just/ simply/ merely, without doubt/ out of question 13. 表示选择的过渡词或短语:表示选择的过渡词或短语: either. or., or, or else, otherwise 14. 表示表目的的过渡词或短语:表示表目的的过渡词或短语: for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to, with the purpose of D.建议信结尾常用句式(归纳总结,提出希望)建议信结尾常用句式(归纳总结,提出希望) 1. I b
22、elieve you will take my advice into account/consideration. 2. I hope you will find these proposals/ suggestions/recommendations practical/ useful/ helpful. 3. I will be more than happy to see improvements in this regard(在这一点上在这一点上). 4. I do hope that my ideas will work. 5. In the end, I will be glad
23、 if you find these ideas useful. 6. I would be ready to further discuss this matter/ discuss this matter with you in further detail. 7. I am looking forward to your early reply. 8. Lets keep in touch. I hope to hear good news from you. 9. I hope whats mentioned above might be helpful. 10. I will app
24、reciate your consideration of my advice/suggestions/tips. 11. Please take good consideration of my advice. Thank you. 12. These are my suggestions and I hope they could mean something for a better future of. 20182018 年全国卷年全国卷 1 1 假定你是李华假定你是李华, 你的新西兰朋友你的新西兰朋友 TerryTerry 将去中国朋友家里做客将去中国朋友家里做客, 发邮件向你询问有
25、关习俗发邮件向你询问有关习俗。 请你回复邮件请你回复邮件, 内容包括:内容包括: 1 1、到达时间、到达时间,理由:理由:_._. 2 2、合适的礼物、合适的礼物, ,比如:比如:_;_;理由:理由:_._. 3 3、餐桌礼仪餐桌礼仪, ,例如例如: _;_;理由理由: _._. 注意:注意: 1. 词数词数 100 左右;左右; 2. 信的开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数;信的开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数; 3. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 第一步:审题第一步:审题 养成重视审题的习惯。高考书面表达是半封闭性的写作,审题十分重要。现以样题为例,谈谈如
26、何审题养成重视审题的习惯。高考书面表达是半封闭性的写作,审题十分重要。现以样题为例,谈谈如何审题: 思考的问题思考的问题样题分析样题分析 第几人称?(第几人称?(person)第一人称第一人称 文章的体裁是什么?文章的体裁是什么?书信书信 要写的文章主题是什么?要写的文章主题是什么?(topic)对对到中国家庭做客到中国家庭做客给出建议给出建议 怎样安排信息点的顺序?怎样安排信息点的顺序?(order)说理的逻辑性说理的逻辑性 动作是什么时候发生的?动作是什么时候发生的?(时态时态) (when)一般现在时一般现在时 第二步:构思第二步:构思-建议信结构及内容要点建议信结构及内容要点 三段式:
27、三段式: 第一段:第一段: 点明主题:表明写作意图点明主题:表明写作意图, (有时要简单介绍自己(有时要简单介绍自己) 。 第二段:第二段: 陈述事实,提出建议,给出理由(是什么,为什么,怎么样)陈述事实,提出建议,给出理由(是什么,为什么,怎么样) 第三段:第三段: 总结全文,表明希望总结全文,表明希望 审题审题草稿草稿修改修改誊写誊写 书面表达如何写?书面表达如何写? Step 1 List the key points Step 2 Make sentences Step3. Form a passage and polish 建议信重点建议信重点 第二段:第二段: 说明建议的内容说明建
28、议的内容; (是什么)(是什么) 提出具体建议的原因提出具体建议的原因; (为什么)(为什么) 指出采纳建议的益处指出采纳建议的益处。 (怎么样)(怎么样) 注意事项:语言要委婉、礼貌,顾及对方感受。注意事项:语言要委婉、礼貌,顾及对方感受。 一、一、首段:问候首段:问候+写作背景写作背景+写作目的写作目的 1、问候:问候: (1)How are you_(recent)? (2)How is everything_(go)? 2、写作背景写作背景+写作目的写作目的 (1)_(know) that you_ _(即将去中国朋友家里做客即将去中国朋友家里做客),Im_(非常非常)_ (高兴高兴/
29、荣幸荣幸) to give you some_(有用的有用的/有建设性的有建设性的) advice_(关关 于于) it. (2)Im_( 非 常非 常 )_( 高 兴高 兴 )toreceiveyourletter_you mentioned/told me that you_(即将去中国朋友家里做即将去中国朋友家里做 客客) and you_(想要想要) know more about the local customs. Here_(be) some useful tips. (3)Here_(be) some useful_(advice). (4)_(应你的要求应你的要求),Im_(
30、write) to_(告知告知) you about the_(相关的相关的) information about Chinese customs. 二、二、中间段中间段 1、建议建议+理由理由 (1)_(首先首先), I want to suggest that you should_ _(在约定的时间到达在约定的时间到达), _(不要太早或太晚不要太早或太晚)_(因为因为)_ is polite to be_(准时的准时的) in China. (2)_(首先首先),_(accord) to our tradition, you are_(suppose) to arrive earlie
31、r, _ will give you_ chance to_(参加参加) the dinner_(prepare). (3)_( 首 先首 先 ) , you should arrive 15 to 20 minutes early so_ you can help the family_(prepare) the dinner, _ is meaningful and interesting. 2、建议建议+理由理由 (1)_(其次其次),youd better_(bring) some _(gift), like_ book or a Chinese knot, _ means good
32、luck in Chinese culture. (2)_(其次其次),_(当谈及当谈及) the_(choose) of gifts, both_(taste) local food and traditional_(handicraft) are_(universal) popular with Chinese people. (3)_(其次其次),_ is desirable to bring a gift to your friend, and I heartily recommend an English book, such as the English version of Jo
33、urney to the West, one of the four great classic_(novel) of Chinese literature, _ I think will definitely promise a broad smile on her/his face. (4)_(其次其次), _ _(如果我是你如果我是你, 我会我会 带一些合适的礼物,比如来自我自己国家的纪念品带一些合适的礼物,比如来自我自己国家的纪念品). (5)_(其次其次),_ is a good idea to choose and bring a small gift, such as_ bunc
34、h of flowers or a box of sweets if they have young_(child). (6)Do remember to_( 筛 除筛 除 ) some gifts from your list, like pears, a clock and white-coloured flowers, which are_(consider) unlucky in Chinese culture. 3、建议建议+理由理由 (1)_(最后最后),_(餐桌礼仪餐桌礼仪) are also_ you should pay attention to. _ (例如例如),you_
35、(不应该不应该) stick your chopsticks into your food. _(相反相反), _(put) them on your dish is a smart choice. (2)_(最后最后), you should know that it is common in China for hosts to show_(热热 情情) by_(encourage) their guests to eat more. (3)_(另外另外/更重要的是更重要的是),when you are enjoying the meal, you need to avoid_(make)
36、 noises while_(chew) food. (4)_(顺便说一句顺便说一句),you need to_(牢记牢记) some_(rule) of Chinese table manners. _(例如例如),you should sit straight at the dinner table and dont touch your_(chopstick) before the eldest or highest ranking person at the table lift theirs. (5)When dinner time is coming, _(入乡随俗入乡随俗). (
37、6)Only in this way_ you be thought of as a kind guest. (7)_(更重要的是更重要的是),the elderly_(be) usually the first_(taste) the food on the table because they are_(respect) in China. (8)Dont forget_(praise) your friend for the delicious foods_ he offers. (9)It would be _(beneficial) if you let the old start
38、eating first. 三、三、尾段:表达希望和祝愿尾段:表达希望和祝愿 1、_(总之总之),I_(do) hope my advice_(be) _(use) and wish you would have a good time. 2、Never_ you go wrong if you_(follow) my advice. Just_(放轻放轻 松松) and enjoy your visit. 3、If you have_(其他任何问题其他任何问题),please_(不要犹豫不要犹豫) to ask me. 4、_(hope), these suggestions would be_(help) for you. I have the confidence that_(你会度过一个好时光你会度过一个好时光). 5、May you_(have) a happy experience of_(be) a guest. 四、四、连句成篇连句成篇 Dear Terry, Yours, Li Hua