1、人教版必修第二册人教版必修第二册 unit4 语法讲练语法讲练-过去分词作定语和宾语补足语过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 一、过去分词作定语 1意义：及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语 不表示被动，只表示完成。 (1)表示被动和完成 a polluted river 一条被污染的河流 the watered flowers 浇过水的花 (2)只表示完成，不表示被动 fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起的太阳 2位置：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时， 通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从
2、句。 The student dressed in white is my daughter. The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. 穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。 注意：过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别： (1)语态不同：现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。 The question discussed was very important. 讨论过的那个问题很重要。 The house standing at the corner of the street was built in 2016. 矗立在街道角落的那所房子
3、是 2016 年建的。 (2)时间关系上不同：现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示动作已经完成。 the changing world 变化着的世界 the changed world 改变了的世界 boiling water 沸腾的水 boiled water 开水 developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 3过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done) 作定语的区别： 意义 形式 语态时态 done被动完成 being done被动进行 to be done被动
4、尚未发生 The building built last year is our classroom building. 去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building being built now is our classroom building. 现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building to be built next month is our classroom building. 下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 二、过去分词作宾语补足语 1过去分词用在表状态的动词 keep，leave 等词的后面作宾语补足语。 He got up late and
5、hurried to his office，leaving the breakfast untouched. 他起得很晚，没吃早饭就匆匆忙忙地去了办公室。 2过去分词用在使役动词 have/get 和 make 的后面作宾语补足语。 (1)“have/get宾语过去分词”可以表示两种含义：“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不 幸”。 Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left. 在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱儿对行李进行了安检。 While they were on holiday，they had their car bro
6、ken into.他们在度假时，汽车被撬开了。 (2)在“make宾语过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。 They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English. 他们用很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。 3感官动词 see，hear，notice，observe，watch，feel，find 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。 When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home. 当我们看到道路被
7、雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。 The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed. 第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。 4表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如 like，want，wish，expect，order 等可用过去分词作宾语 补足语。 The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week. 经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。 5过去分词用在“with宾语宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
8、The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked. 客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备盛放待煮的饭菜。 John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it. 约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也做完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。 6非谓语动词(短语)作宾语补足语的区别： (1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，look at，notic
9、e，hear，listen to，feel 等的宾语补足 语主要有三种形式，试比较(以 hear 为例)： hear宾语 doing sth. 听到正在做主动、进行 do sth. 听到做了主动、完成 done 听到被做被动、完成或无时间性 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天经过她房间时，我听她正在唱英文歌。(主动、正在进行) I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成) To learn Eng
10、lish well，we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible. 为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(被动、无时间性) (2)使役动词 make，have，get，keep 后加复合宾语的比较 make宾语 do sth. 让做某事主动 done 让被做被动 The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。 I made myself kno
11、wn to them first and then we talked about our hobbies. 我先向他们作了自我介绍，然后我们谈论了我们的爱好。 have宾语 do sth. 使做某事主动 doing sth. 使持续做某事主动、进行 done 使被做被动 Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。 He had us laughing all through the meal. 整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。 My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus
12、 last month. 上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。 get宾语 to do sth. 使做某事主动 doing sth. 使开始做某事主动 done 使被做被动 He got me to post the letter for him. 他让我替他寄信。 The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。 Ill get my cellphone repaired tomorrow. 我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。 keep宾语 doin
13、g sth. 使一直做某事主动、进行 done 使被做被动 Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 对不起，让你久等了。 She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was. 她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。 (3)with 复合结构中宾语补足语的比较 with sb. /sth. doing主动、进行 sth. done被动、完成 sth. to do表示将来 WeChat is like a public network，with people sharing information publicly；wh
14、atever they say or publish can be seen by everybody. 微信像是一个公开网络， 人们公开分享信息， 不管他们说什么、 发布什么， 大家都可以看到。 With a great weight taken off her mind，she passed all the tests successfully. 由于放下了极大的思想包袱，她成功地通过了所有考试。 三. 练习 .完成句子 1.当他醒来时，他发觉一群孩子围着他。 _ 2.如果你想让自己被尊重，你必须首先尊重自己。 _ 3.解决这一问题的关键就是满足顾客提出的要求。 _ 4.人们期待这些选拔于
15、全国的运动员在夏季比赛中能给我们带来荣耀。 _ 5.现在，越来越多的人喜欢在淘宝网上“淘”东西，然后让快递公司邮寄。 _ 1When he woke up，he found himself surrounded by a group of children. 2If you want to make yourself respected，you are above all to respect yourself. 3The key to solving the problem is to meet the demands made by the customers. 4The players
16、selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 5 Nowadays， more and more people like to hunt for what they want at and have them delivered by the express company. .用所给动词的适当形式填空 TheAmberRoom6._(give)thisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamber 7._(use) to make it.The 8._-(se
17、lect) amber had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.It was also a treasure 9._(decorate) with gold and jewels，which 10._(take) the countrys best artists about ten years 11._(make) Later ， Catherine had the Amber Room 12._(mov
18、e) to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.Sadly， the Amber Room 13._(consider) one of the wonders of the world，is now missing. 6. was given7. were used8. selected9.decorated 10. took 11. to make 12.moved 13.considered .单句语法填空 1Most colleges now offer first-year students a cour
19、se specially_(design) to help them succeed academically and personally.(2019天津) 2Data _(collect) from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed，with very low error rates.(2019全国) 3Earth Day，_(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awaren
20、ess about environmental protection.(2019北京) 4Chinas image is improving steadily，with more countries _(recognize) its role in international affairs.(2019江苏) 5Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it_(perform) live is quite another. 6He walked into the room quietly in order not to make
21、 himself _(notice) 7To our great delight，we helped a _(lose) boy to find his mother. 8There are still many problems _(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 9The new books _(print) in the factory at the moment are mainly intended for children. 10On the bank of the river，we found him
22、 _(lie) on a bench，with his eyes fixed(fix) on a kite in the sky. 1. designed2.collected 3. marked4. recognizing5. being performed 6. noticed7. lost 8. to be solved 9.being printed 10. lying .单句写作 11在回家的路上她发现项链不见了。 _ 12虽然我们已经离开了中学，但我们仍然记得和我们亲爱的老师一起度过的快乐时光。 _ 13无论我们去哪里，都会看到这种产品在做广告(advertise)。 _ 14为了
23、成为一名合格的志愿者，我不得不多阅读以提高自己。 _ 15由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。 _ 11.She found her necklace gone on her way home. 12.Though we have left middle school，we still remember the happy time spent with our dear teachers. 13.Wherever we go，we will see this kind of products advertised. 14.In order to/To be a qualified volunteer，I have to improve myself by reading more books. 15.With a lot of work to do，she wasnt allowed to leave her office.
