1、1 必修一 Unit 1 A new start 【感知课文金句】 诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性 1. My name is Amy.“主语系动词表语”结构。 2. A boy meets a girl during a break.“主语谓语(及物动词)宾语状语”。 3. My mum bought me a new dictionary.“主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语”。 4. We must act.“主语谓语(不及物动词)”。 5. The teacher found the classroom empty. “主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语”。 6. There ar
2、e 66 students in our class.“There be.”句式。 本单元按照课文要求须掌握的语法点是本单元按照课文要求须掌握的语法点是“英语五种基本句型英语五种基本句型”。 句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子,英语中最基本的句式只有五种,其他各种句式都是由这五 种基本句式演变而来。 1. 主语+谓语 主语+不及物动词+状语。如: They walked leisurely in the park. 他们在公园里悠闲地走着。 Brian was breathing hard. 布莱恩气喘吁吁。 Have you been waiting long? 你等的时间长吗? 【注意】在
3、个别动词后可跟名词作状语。如: The show lasted two hours. 演出持续了两小时。 The temperature rose ten degrees. 气温上升了 10 度。 “动词+副词”构成的成语动词。如: They often quarrel, but they soon blow over. 他们常吵架,但很快就会平静下来。 To our delight, the sun burst forth. 令我们高兴的是,太阳出来了。 Business dropped off during the summer. 夏天买卖萧条。 When the judge became
4、 ill, he had to step down. 法官生病后不得不辞职。 【注意】有些动词的主动形式表被动意义。如: 2 My play is acting wonderfully well. 我的剧演出情况极好。 The window wont shut. 窗户关不上了。 The apartment rents for $ 500 a month. 这套房子每月租金 500 美元。 2. 主语+及物动词+宾语 主语+及物动词+名词或代词 “主语+谓语+宾语”是英语中最常见的句型,在多数情况下宾语用名词或代词表示。如: Emily loves music and plays the pia
5、no beautifully. 艾米丽热爱音乐,因此钢琴弹得很好。 Gaby made an appointment to see her that evening. 加比约好那天晚上和她见面。 Can you take my blood pressure? 你能量一下我的血压吗? Who discovered this new element? 谁发现了这个新元素? “动词+名词”构成一种习惯用语。如: Make haste, or well miss the bus. 赶快,否则我们就赶不上汽车了。 The new system will take effect next May. 新制度
6、将在明年 5 月实行。 We must draw a line between right and wrong. 我们必须分清是非。 【主语+及物动词+反身代词】 有些及物动词可以用反身代词作宾语。如: I dont know how to express myself. 我不知道怎样表达自己的意思。 I dont mean to praise myself. I have my fault. 我不想赞扬自己,我有我的缺点。 Adeline freed herself from his embrace. 艾德琳从他的拥抱中挣脱出来。 Larry was about to say somethi
7、ng more, and then checked himself. 拉里打算再说几句的,但忍住没说。 反身代词可用于某些固定的词组中。如: Many students absented themselves from the meeting. 这次班会有许多学生缺席。 I must excuse myself from coming to the party; I am ill. 我请求不来参加晚会,我不舒服。 在某些动词后,可用反身代词,也可不用反身代词。如: Do you shave yourself or go to the barbers? 你自己刮胡子还是请理发师刮? A man
8、has to shave every morning. 男子每天早晨得刮脸。 While she is working, Rose hides herself in her room. 罗丝工作时,总躲在自己房间里。 The child was hiding behind the sofa. 这个孩子躲在长沙发后面。 3 【主语+动词+同源宾语】 有些动词通常为不及物动词,却可以用一个与之同源的名词构成宾语,这种宾语称为同源宾语。如: Dennis slept the peaceful sleep of the young. 丹尼斯像年轻人一样睡了一个平稳的觉。 Think happy tho
9、ughts and youll feel better. 想些高兴的事,你会感觉好些。 Blanche closed her eyes and wished a wish. 布兰奇闭上眼睛许了一个愿。 3. 主语+系动词+表语 【主语+系动词+形容词】 表示状态。如: Pearl has been ill for over a month. 珀尔病了一个多月。 These oranges taste nice. 这些橘子味道很好。 You appeared all right when I left. 我走时你还没事。 表示状态的改变或结果如何。如: Brant turned pale at
10、the thought. 想到这儿,布兰特脸色苍白。 The child soon fell asleep. 孩子很快睡着了。 Mrs Gerhardt became very fond of her. 盖哈特太太开始喜欢她了。 表示状态的继续。如: The shop stays open till seven o?蒺 clock. 商店一直开到 7 点。 Hunk continued silent. 汉克继续沉默着。 Chris knew she must keep calm. 克莉丝知道她必须保持冷静。 You can rest assured that Ill do my best. 你
11、可以放心,我会尽力而为的。 表示被动。如: The water feels warm. 水摸起来很暖和。 The door blew open. 门被风刮开了。 This material has worn thin. 这料子已经磨得很薄了。 有些系动词后用现在分词或过去分词作表语。如: A swim in cold water is very invigorating. 在冷水里游泳使人感到很清醒。 Many of his ideas were amusing to her. 他的许多想法使她感到有趣。 We were all worried about her safety. 我们都为她的
12、安全担心。 4 Please remain seated. 请不要站起来。 有个别不及物动词可跟形容词作表语。如: Sunday dawned beautiful and cloudless. 星期天天亮时,天气晴朗,万里无云。 Many talented people died young. 许多有才华的人年纪轻轻就去世了。 Cathy married young. 凯茜结婚时很年轻。 4. 主语+动词+直接宾语+间接宾语 【主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+名词】 有些动词引导的间接宾语可改为由 to 引起的短语。如: Mother passed her the bread / the brea
13、d to her. 妈妈把面包递给了她。 Can you recommend me a doctor / a doctor to me? 你能向我推荐一位医生吗? Our hotel serves you breakfast / breakfast to you in your room. 我们的旅馆把早饭送到您的房间。 有些动词引导的间接宾语可改为由 for 引起的短语。如: Olina sang us a Japanese song / a Japanese song for us. 奥琳娜给我们唱了一首日本歌曲。 Robert ordered them some new clothes
14、/ some new clothes for them.罗伯特给他们订购了一些新衣服。 Martha cooked her husband a delicious meal / a delicious meal for her husband. 玛莎给她丈夫做了一顿可 口的饭菜。 Please cut me a piece of cake / a piece of cake for me. 请给我切块蛋糕。 【注意】有些动词后的间接宾语不能改为由 to 或 for 引导的短语。如: Loren has played me a mean trick / a mean trick on me. 劳
15、伦跟我开了一个低劣的玩笑。 Why do you ask me such a question? 你为什么问我这样一个问题? I envy you your health. 我羡慕你的好身体。 The teacher set his students a difficult problem.老师给学生们出了一道难题。 I mean you no harm. 我对你没有恶意。 【主语+双宾动词+名词或代词+从句】 用于由 that 引导的从句。如: Sandy informed him that she was to send for it the next day. 桑迪告诉他她将在第二天派人
16、来取那个东西。 May I remind you that the dinner-bell will ring presently? 我可否提醒你吃晚饭的铃马上就要响了呢? 5 I assure you that this medicine cannot harm you. 我向你保证这药对你不会有害。 We flatter ourselves that we can do without their help. 我们自认为我们不需要他们的帮助。 用于由连接代词、连接副词、连词 whether 或 if 引导的从句。如: 【连接代词 who 引导的从句】 I seized the opport
17、unity to inform Sharon who he was. 我抓住机会告诉莎伦他是谁。 【连接副词 why 引导的从句】 William taught the children why they should love their country. 威廉教导孩子们为什么要热爱自己的祖国。 【whether 引导的从句】 Please advise me whether I should accept the offer. 请帮我拿主意是否应接受这个帮助。 【if 引导的从句】 I asked Mary if I might call and see her. 我问玛丽我可否去看她。
18、【注意】这类从句有时可缩短为不定式结构。如: Will you tell me how to do it? 你能告诉我应当怎样做吗? They will teach Nicole how to run the farm. 他们将教妮可怎样管理农场。 Please inform me how to find his house. 请告诉我怎样找到他的家。 5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 宾语补足语就是补充说明前面的宾语,这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构,其补语是宾语补语,与宾 语一起即构成复合宾语。如: I found the book easy.我发现这本书不难。(形容词 easy 作补语) The
19、y held him hostage. 我们将他扣为人质。(名词 hostage 用作补语) Ill let him go.我将让他去。(不定式 go 用作补语) I heard her groaning.我听见她呻吟。(现代分词 groaning 用作补语) 【注意】 有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语,甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语,这 样的句子仍然是简单句,例: China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.中国和东亚其它国家正在迅速地发展。 6 (China and other countrie
20、s 并列主语) Mr. Wang and I often work together and help each other.王先生和我常在一起工作互相帮助。 【单元自测】 . 按照要求,写出下列加线句子中的成分 1The theatre tickets have sold out. 2This kind of cloth washes well. 3What you said just now made me very happy. 4Could you give me the letter? 5I will study hard to learn English well. 6Profes
21、sor Smith, our math teacher, will return to his country tomorrow. 7As far as I know, Mary is a good student. 8He is a very kind lady. . 写出下列句子所属的句型 1In other words, we are the master of our own future. 2This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class. 3An old man was walki
22、ng slowly and carefully. 4Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables. 5Friends made my life full of excitement. 6The sun was shining. 7The boss made him do the work day and night. 8There are ten boys in t he classroom. . 按照下列句型要求补全句子 1现在在中学里课外活动正变得越来越普及。(主语系动词表语) Nowadays after class activities_in
23、high schools. 2我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语谓语宾语) We havent decided. 3奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个非常有趣的故事。(主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语) Grannylast night. 7 4每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语) Every morning we can hear him. 5早睡早起是个好习惯。(主语系动词表语,动名词作主语) is a good habit. 6最近 10 年,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。(主语谓语) in my hometown in the past ten years. 7你会发现英语容易学
24、。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语) You will find. 8我认为一切都会好起来。(主语系动词表语) I believe. 8 【单元自测参考答案】 1.(主语)2.(状语) 3.(宾补) 4.(宾语) 5.(谓语) 6.(同位语) 7.(表语) 8.(定语) 1. 主语系动词表语 2. 主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语 3. 主语谓语(不及物动词)状语 4. 主语谓语(及物动词)宾语 5. 主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语 6. 主语谓语(及物动词) 7. 主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语 8. There be.句型 1. are_becoming_more_and_more_popular 2. when_to_discuss_the_problem_again 3. told_me_a_very_interesting_story 4. read_English_aloud 5. Going_to_bed_early_and_getting_up_early 6. Great_changes_have_taken_place 7. English_easy_to_learn 8. everything_will_be_all_right 9