1、Discovering Useful Structures 预习课件预习课件 Unit 1 People of achievement 1. found v. 建立；创建建立；创建 教材原句教材原句 Founded high-tech and futuristic company. 要点必记要点必记 build, construct, found, establish, set up 均有建设，建立，建造” 之意。 build : 普通用词，含义广泛，可指一切具体或抽象的建造或建立。 construct : 较正式用词，强调根据一定计划进行的规模较大，结构较复杂。 found : 侧重打下基础
2、或创办，具体或抽象事物均可用。 核心词汇核心词汇 establish : 着重稳固地建成，可具体指国家、政府、学校或商店等的建立，也可 指信仰、信用、名誉、法律、制度、规则等的建立。 set up : 作建立用时，侧重于开始。可指具体或抽象的建立。 2. circumstance n. 环境；条件；状况环境；条件；状况 教材原句教材原句 Her circumstances are out of control. 要点必记要点必记 condition, state, status, situation, circumstance 这些名词均有状况，情况之意。 condition : 一般强调产生
3、影响的原因或环境，复数形式指笼统的情况。 state : 普通用词，指人或物在环境、外表、心灵以及健康方面的状况，或指在 某一阶段的状态或形式。 status : 指一个人在政治、社会、经济、法律上的地位或身份，暗含地位显要 意味。 situation : 指明确具体的环境情况或处境。 circumstance : 多指周围的情况或某事发生时的情况。 3. infer v. 推断；推测推断；推测 教材原句教材原句 The link can be inferred. 要点必记要点必记 infer, conclude, gather, judge 这些动词均含推断之意。 infer : 指从已提供
4、的论据或从已接受的前提出发而推断出的结论。 conclude : 指得出符合逻辑的结论。 gather : 指从听到的情况推测、判定。 judge : 多指经过仔细鉴定或评价之后作出决断。 4. politician n. 政治家,政客，从政者 要点必记要点必记 politician, statesman 这两个名词均可表示政治家之意。 politician : 指有才能的职业政治家或政坛人物。在美国英语中，多含贬义，特 指玩弄阴谋、勾心斗角以谋私利的政客、政治骗子。 statesman与politician相反，常用于褒义，指有远见，为国为民的正派的政治 家，既着重才能，又侧重身居要职。 5
5、. numerous adj. 众多的；许多的众多的；许多的 归纳拓展归纳拓展 numerous army庞大的军队 numerous households千门万户千家万户 numerous demands 受众需求 numerous difficulties 众多的困难 numerous glorious 不胜光荣 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开； 非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。 例 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English？ 你
6、还记得教我们英语的那个女孩吗？ 例 2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time. 钟是一种能够告诉人们时间的仪器。 例 4. Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine. 张先生昨天来看我，他是我的一位朋友。 核心句式核心句式: : Unit 1 People of Achievement Discover useful structures 1Master the key words in the passage. Words:
7、analyze; apparently; substance; insist; scientific; mostly; conclusion; circumstance 2 Phrases: insist on; wear and tear3 Goals Look and discuss What is the difference between the two sentences? They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments which showed promise in the fight against the disease.
8、 They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments, which showed promise in the fight against the disease. Lead in Learn 1.Read the following sentences and underline the relative clauses. Then name the two types of clauses and state their functions. (1) They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treat
9、ments that showed promise in the fight against the disease. (2) Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honors a person can receive. (3) Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. (4) Later, the medicine was
10、 tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. Learn 限制性限制性定语从句定语从句和非限制性定语从句有四大区别和非限制性定语从句有四大区别 一、在句中作用不同一、在句中作用不同 限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体， 更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。 非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，不 起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。 Learn 二、外在表现形式不同二、外在表现形式不同 限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗
11、号将其与主句隔开; 非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。 例 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English？ 例 2. Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine. Learn 三、先行词内容有所不同三、先行词内容有所不同 大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语； 而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定 语从句常由 which 引导。 例： A middle-aged wom
12、an killed her husband, which frightened me very much. 分析：由语境可知，令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整 个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由 which 引导定语从句。 Learn 四、关系词的使用情况有所不同四、关系词的使用情况有所不同 （一）（一） that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句不可用于引导非限制性定语从句 所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句； 大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句，但 that 不可。 例例 1. 他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物，这使她非常高兴。 误：误： He
13、 gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, that pleased her a lot. 正：正： He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot. Learn （二）关系代词替代情况不同（二）关系代词替代情况不同 关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom； 但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。 例 1. This is the girl whom I met in th
14、e street. 析：先行词 the girl 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用 who 代替 whom。 例 2. A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress 析：先行词 a new girl friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可用 who 代替 whom。 Learn 2. Rewrite the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses. How do the sentences flow differently? EXAMPLE The boo
15、k tells us about Alexander Fleming. He discovered penicillin. The book fells us about Alexander Fleming, who discovered penicillin. 1. We were very impressed by the old man. He was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 2. Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany. Hitler was in power there. 3. There is
16、nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control. 4. The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist, J.K. Rowling. It inspired us a lot. 5. The building under construction was designed by I.M. Peia famous Chinese-American architect. He was born in Guang
17、zhou, China. 6. I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart. It was a big challenge for me. 3. Work in groups. Complete the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses to give extra information. Then share them with your group members. EXAMPLE Id like to try. Id like to try
18、 that Chinese herbal medicine again, which seems to work best for my cough. 1. I would like to travel around . 2. What impressed me most .t. 3. My favorite scientist is . . 4. Finally we arrived a t , . . . 5. My grandparents like going for outings in spring,. 6. I wish to obtain. 7. My best friend.
19、 Learn Words: analyse; apparently; substance; insist; scientific; mostly; conclusion; circumstance Summary Phrases: insist on; wear and tear PhrasesWords 预习 Unit 1- Explore the meaning of greatness.3 1Recite new words and phrases. 2 Write a passage to describe a great man using non-restrictive clauses. Bye-bye!
