1、 1.crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的至关重要的；关键性的 同义词：同义词：vital essential a crucial factor/issue/decision 关键性的因素关键性的因素 / 问题问题 / 决定决定 topics of crucial importance 至关重要的课题至关重要的课题 Winning this contract is crucial to the success of the company.赢得这份合同对这家公司的成败至关重要。赢得这份合同对这家公司的成败至关重要。 The next few weeks are going to be
2、crucial. 今后几个星期是关键。今后几个星期是关键。 Parents play a crucial role in preparing their child for school. 父母对孩子做好上学的准备起着至关重要的作用。父母对孩子做好上学的准备起着至关重要的作用。 be crucial to/for sth对对.是至关重要的，关键的是至关重要的，关键的 It is crucial that. .是至关重要的是至关重要的 1.Your determination and hard-working _ your career success. 2._that the patient
3、should be sent to the hospital immediately. are crucial to It is crucial 2.vital adj.必不可少的，极其重要的，充满生机的必不可少的，极其重要的，充满生机的 the vitamins that are vital for health 保持健康必不可少的维生素保持健康必不可少的维生素 Good financial accounts are vital to the success of any enterprise. 妥善的财务账目对任何公司的成功都是极其重要的。妥善的财务账目对任何公司的成功都是极其重要的。 I
4、t is vital that you keep accurate records when you are self- employed. 干个体的要准确记录账目，这十分重要。干个体的要准确记录账目，这十分重要。 Reading is of vital importance in language learning. 阅读在语言学习中至关重要。阅读在语言学习中至关重要。 The police play a vital role in our society. 警察在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用。警察在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用。 It was vital to show that he
5、 was not afraid. 最重要的是要表现出他毫无畏惧。最重要的是要表现出他毫无畏惧。 be vital to/ for.对对.是必不可少的，极其重要的是必不可少的，极其重要的 mit vt. 承诺承诺, 保证保证(某个人、机构等）某个人、机构等） vi.忠于忠于; 全心全意投入全心全意投入(工作、活动等工作、活动等) Liu Hulan committed herself to fight for the happiness of the people of the whole nation. 刘胡兰承诺要为全国人民的幸福而奋斗。刘胡兰承诺要为全国人民的幸福而奋斗。 The Pres
6、ident is committed to reforming health care. 总统承诺要改革卫生保健制度。总统承诺要改革卫生保健制度。 Borrowers should think carefully before committing themselves to taking out a loan. 借款人应当慎重考虑之后再行借贷。借款人应当慎重考虑之后再行借贷。 Both sides committed themselves to settle the dispute peacefully. 双方承诺和平解决争端。双方承诺和平解决争端。 mit sb./yourself to
7、sth./doing sth./to do sth承诺，保证（做某事、遵承诺，保证（做某事、遵 守协议或遵从安排等）守协议或遵从安排等） 2.be committed to sth./doing sth.承诺，保证承诺，保证做做. 补充：补充：commit做出（错或非法的事）；犯（罪或错等）做出（错或非法的事）；犯（罪或错等） to commit murder. 犯凶杀罪犯凶杀罪 Most crimes are committed by young men. 多数罪行都是年轻人犯下的。多数罪行都是年轻人犯下的。 commit suicide自杀自杀 commit a crime 犯罪犯罪; 犯
8、下罪行犯下罪行 committedadj. 尽心尽力的尽心尽力的, 坚定的坚定的; 忠诚的忠诚的 a committed member of the team 忠于职守的队员忠于职守的队员 They are committed socialists. 他们是坚定的社会主义者。他们是坚定的社会主义者。 Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China on 30 December 1930. 屠呦呦屠呦呦, 一个坚定又有耐性的科学家一个坚定又有耐性的科学家, 于于1930年年12月月30号出生于中国宁波
9、。号出生于中国宁波。 commitment承诺；许诺；允诺承担；保证；（对工作承诺；许诺；允诺承担；保证；（对工作 或某活动）献身，奉献，投入或某活动）献身，奉献，投入 She doesnt want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment. 她不想在此刻对史蒂夫在感情上作出重大的承诺。她不想在此刻对史蒂夫在感情上作出重大的承诺。 the governments commitment to public services 政府对公共服务事业作出的承诺政府对公共服务事业作出的承诺 We made a commitment
10、 to keep working together. 我们承诺继续合作。我们承诺继续合作。 They made a commitment to peace. 他们承诺要维护和平。他们承诺要维护和平。 4.objective n. 目标；目的目标；目的 adj. 客观的客观的 the main/primary/principal objective 主要主要 / 首要首要 / 主要目标主要目标 to meet/achieve your objectives 达到达到 / 实现你的目标实现你的目标 You must set realistic aims and objectives for you
11、rself. 你必须给自己确定切实可行的目的和目标你必须给自己确定切实可行的目的和目标 an objective analysis/assessment/report 客观的分析客观的分析 / 评价评价 / 报告报告 objective criteria 客观标准客观标准 I find it difficult to be objective where hes concerned. 只要涉及他，我就难以做到保持客观。只要涉及他，我就难以做到保持客观。 object n.物体；物品；东西；目的；目标；物体；物品；东西；目的；目标； 宾语宾语 v.不同意；不赞成；反对不同意；不赞成；反对 (to
12、 sb/sth) | (to doing sth/to sb doing sth) everyday objects日常用品日常用品 The object is to educate people about road safety. 目的就是教育人们注意交通安全。目的就是教育人们注意交通安全。 Many local people object to the building of the new airport. 许多当地的居民反对兴建新机场。许多当地的居民反对兴建新机场。 If nobody objects, well postpone the meeting till next week
13、. 如果没有人反对，我们就把会议推迟到下周。如果没有人反对，我们就把会议推迟到下周。 I really object to being charged for parking. 我非常反对收停车费。我非常反对收停车费。 5.evaluate vt. 评价评价, 评估评估 Our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs. 我们的研究试图对不同药物的疗效进行评估。我们的研究试图对不同药物的疗效进行评估。 We need to evaluate how well the policy is work
14、ing. 我们需要对这一政策产生的效果作出评价我们需要对这一政策产生的效果作出评价 Therefore, establishing an evaluation system is necessary for our course reform. 因此因此, 对我们的课程改革来讲对我们的课程改革来讲, 建立一个评价体系是很有必要的。建立一个评价体系是很有必要的。 evaluation n.评价、评估；评价、评估；医学医学诊断诊断; 6.property n.性质、特征、财产；不动产；房地产性质、特征、财产；不动产；房地产 Compare the physical properties of th
15、e two substances. 比较一下这两种物质的物理特性。比较一下这两种物质的物理特性。 a plant with medicinal properties 药用植物药用植物 This building is government property. 这座大楼是政府的财产。这座大楼是政府的财产。 Be careful not to damage other peoples property. 小心别损及别人的财物。小心别损及别人的财物。 The price of property has risen enormously. 房地产的价格大幅上升了。房地产的价格大幅上升了。 proper
16、ty prices 房地产价格房地产价格 a property developer 房地产开发商房地产开发商 7.distinct adj. 清晰的清晰的; 清楚的清楚的; 有区别的有区别的 distinct from与与不同不同 distinction区别区别, 差别差别; 特性特性; 荣誉荣誉, 勋章；优秀；勋章；优秀； 杰出；卓越杰出；卓越 There was a distinct smell of gas. 有一股明显的煤气味。有一股明显的煤气味。 His voice was quiet but every word was distinct. 他说话声音不大，但字字清晰他说话声音不大
17、，但字字清晰 Gold is distinct from iron. 金在性质上不同于铁金在性质上不同于铁. distinctions between traditional and modern societies 传统社会和现代社会的差别传统社会和现代社会的差别 We need to draw a distinction between the two events. 我们得把两起事件区别开来。我们得把两起事件区别开来。 a writer of distinction 优秀作家优秀作家 8.extract n. 提取物提取物; 摘录摘录vt. 提取提取; 提炼提炼; 摘录摘录; (用用 力
18、力)拔出拔出 face cream containing natural plant extracts 含有天然植物提取物的面霜含有天然植物提取物的面霜 The following extract is taken from her new novel. 下面一段摘自她的新小说。下面一段摘自她的新小说。 to extract essential oils from plants 从植物中提取香精油从植物中提取香精油 This article is extracted from his new book. 本文选自他的新书。本文选自他的新书。 The dentist may decide tha
19、t the wisdom teeth need to be extracted. 牙医可能会认为智齿需要拔掉牙医可能会认为智齿需要拔掉 【即学活用】【即学活用】语法填空语法填空 (1)Language teachers often extract examples _grammar books. (2)Li Shizhen discovered a variety of herbs whose _ (extract) can cure certain diseases. from extracts 9.acknowledge vt. 承认（事实、权威等）承认（事实、权威等）; （公开）感谢；告
20、知收悉（公开）感谢；告知收悉 *We acknowledge him as a genius. 我们承认他是个天才。我们承认他是个天才。 *You have to acknowledge that its your own fault. 你必须承认这是你自己的过错。你必须承认这是你自己的过错。 *I wish to acknowledge your assistance in the making of this film. 我希望鸣谢你在 拍摄这部电影中给予的帮助。 All applications will be acknowledged. 所有的申请都将得到复函告知收悉。 be ackn
21、owledged as. . . 被认为是被认为是 It is universally/generally acknowledged that. . . 公认为公认为/普遍认为普遍认为 1.Many people _(承认、认可) that Ma Yun was hard-working and fortunate as well. 2._ that he is the best player in the team. 3.He _ the best player in the world. 普遍认为他是世界最佳球员 4.I sincerely _（感谢）financial support f
22、rom several local businesses. 我对本地几家企业的资助表示真诚的感谢。 acknowledge It is generally acknowledged is widely acknowledged as acknowledge 10.defeat n. 失败失败, 挫败挫败vt. 击败击败, 战胜战胜 *Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat. 屠呦呦不会轻易认输的。屠呦呦不会轻易认输的。 *He declared that we are to defeat those who attempted to tear the wo
23、rld down in time. 他宣布他宣布: 我们迟早会打败那些企图撕裂世界的人我们迟早会打败那些企图撕裂世界的人 This is why most senior high school students suffer defeat every day. 这就是如今大多数高中生每天遭受失败的原因。这就是如今大多数高中生每天遭受失败的原因。 take defeat 接受失败接受失败 suffer defeat遭受失败遭受失败 He defeated all his opponents. 他击败了所有他的对手。 The party faces defeat in the election.
24、这个党面临选举失败 过去时态：defeated 过去分词defeated 同义词：beat beat、beat 11.apparently adv. 显而易见显而易见; 看来看来; 显然显然 Apparently they are getting divorced soon. 看样子，他们很快就要离婚。看样子，他们很快就要离婚。 He paused, apparently lost in thought. 他停顿下来，显然陷入了沉思。他停顿下来，显然陷入了沉思。 I thought she had retired, but apparently (= in fact) she hasnt. 我
25、原以为她退休了，但显然她还没有退。我原以为她退休了，但显然她还没有退。 adj. apparent显而易见；明白易懂；显然显而易见；明白易懂；显然=obvious It was apparent from her face that she was really upset. 从面容上一眼就可以看出她确实心绪烦乱。从面容上一眼就可以看出她确实心绪烦乱。 It is/was apparent that. . . 很显然很显然 “显然显然”表达有多种表达有多种 It is apparent/obvious/distinct/evident that. . . Apparently/Obviousl
26、y/Distinctly/Evidently. . . (1)It was _ that he was angry. (2)_, he is telling lies to his parents. apparent Apparently 12.substance物质；物品；东西物质；物品；东西; 事实基础；根据事实基础；根据 a chemical/radioactive, etc. substance 化学、放射性等物质化学、放射性等物质 banned/illegal substances (= drugs) 禁用禁用 / 非法物品非法物品 There is some substance i
27、n what he says. 他的话是有一定根据的他的话是有一定根据的 13.insist vi. 坚决要求坚决要求 *She insisted on/upon (our) going to Beijing by air as it was more comfortable. 她坚持要她坚持要(我们我们)乘飞机去北京乘飞机去北京, 因为乘飞机更舒适。因为乘飞机更舒适。 *Though all his friends blamed him, he insisted that he had done nothing wrong. 尽管他所有的朋友都责备他尽管他所有的朋友都责备他, 但他坚持认为他
28、没做错任何事。但他坚持认为他没做错任何事。 *My mother insisted that I (should) clean my room first. 妈妈强烈要求我先把我的房间打扫干净。妈妈强烈要求我先把我的房间打扫干净。 【词块积累】【词块积累】 insist on/upon (doing) sth. 坚持坚持(做做)某事某事 insist that. . . (1)坚持说坚持说/认为认为(从句内容表示一个事实从句内容表示一个事实, 从句谓语按实从句谓语按实 际需要选择时态际需要选择时态) (2)强烈要求强烈要求/坚持坚持(从句用虚拟语气从句用虚拟语气, 即即should+动词原形动
29、词原形, should可以省略可以省略) Mr Smith insisted that Tom had stolen his car, he insisted that he (should)be put into prison. 由于坚持认为汤姆偷了他的小汽车由于坚持认为汤姆偷了他的小汽车, 史密斯先生强烈要求把他关进监狱。史密斯先生强烈要求把他关进监狱。 【即学活用】【即学活用】语法填空语法填空 (1)I insisted that he _(be)wrong. (2)They insisted on _(go) there by motorbike. (3)She insisted th
30、at we _(turn) in our homework on time. (4)He insisted _ making a voyage after graduating from college. was going (should) turn on/upon The insurance policy does not cover damage caused by normal wear and tear. 保险单不保正常使用所造成的坏损。保险单不保正常使用所造成的坏损。 12.wear and tear（正常使用造成的）磨损，（正常使用造成的）磨损， 损耗，损坏损耗，损坏 The f
31、urniture suffers a lot of wear and tear when the children are at home. 孩子们在家时孩子们在家时,家具就会遭到许多损坏家具就会遭到许多损坏. 13.conclusion n.结论；推论结论；推论；结束；结果；结；结束；结果；结 尾；结局尾；结局 draw/reach/ come to/arrive at /make a conclusion得出结论得出结论 We can safely draw some conclusions from our discussion. 从讨论中我们可以有把握地得出一些结论。 It took
32、the jury some time to reach the conclusion that she was guilty. 陪审团花了很长时间才得出结论认为她有罪 The conclusion of the book was disappointing. 这部书的结尾令人失望。 In conclusion , (= finally) I would like to thank 最后，我想感谢 conclude vt. 推断出推断出, 得出结论得出结论vi. 结束结束, 终止终止 What do you conclude from that? 你从这件事中得出了什么结论？你从这件事中得出了什
33、么结论？ He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan. 他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。 *He concluded his class with a funny story. 他以一个有趣的故事结束了他的课。他以一个有趣的故事结束了他的课。 *To conclude, I wish you a Happy New Year. 总之总之, 祝你们新年快乐。祝你们新年快乐。 【词块积累】【词块积累】 (1)conclude. . . with.
34、 . . 以以结束结束 conclude from. . . that. . . 从从中得出结论中得出结论 to conclude最后最后 (2)conclusionn. 结论结论 draw a conclusion得出结论得出结论 in conclusion最后最后, 总之总之 make a conclusion下结论下结论 1.I wonder who make this decision and how they come to their _ (conclude). 2._ conclude, what he said makes sense. 3.I conclude _your s
35、tatements that youre not in favor. 4.We may reasonably _that the meeting has been postponed. 我们有理由可以断定我们有理由可以断定,会议推迟了会议推迟了. 5.The programme_ Stravinskys Rite of Spring . 演出节目以斯特拉文斯基的春之祭结束。演出节目以斯特拉文斯基的春之祭结束。 6.He _ wishing everyone a safe trip home. 他讲话结束时祝愿大家回家一路平安。他讲话结束时祝愿大家回家一路平安。 7._, Id like to
36、thank you for all youve done for me. 最后最后, 我要感谢你们为我所做的一切我要感谢你们为我所做的一切. conclusion To from conclude concluded with concluded by In conclusion 14.flee vi. 政党的; 对政治有兴趣的 politics n.政治; 政治事务; 政治观点 表职业： musician（音乐家） , clinician (临床医生), magician(魔术师) 哪国人： Asian（亚洲人），Canadian （加拿大人），Australian （澳大利亚人），Indi
37、an印度人） 4. patent n. 专利专利; 专利证书专利证书 adj. 有专利的；受专利保护的有专利的；受专利保护的 to apply for/obtain a patent on an invention 申请 / 获得发明专利权 Patent Office专利局 5. passion n. 酷爱；激情酷爱；激情 The English have a passion for gardens. 英国人酷爱花园。 6. extraordinary adj. 不一般的；非凡的不一般的；非凡的; 意想不到的意想不到的 an extraordinary achievement 卓越的成就 Sh
38、e was a truly extraordinary woman. 她是位非常杰出的女性。 Its extraordinary that he managed to sleep through the party. 真想不到他竟然从聚会开始一直睡到结束。 7. come to power 开始掌权，上台开始掌权，上台 教材原句教材原句 when Hitler came to power in Germany 要点必记要点必记 adj. powerful 强有力的；有影响力的；健壮的 ncome to power (开始) 当权 不能接时间段 nbe in power 当权，上台 可以接时间段
39、 nShe believes that she has the power to solve the problem. n她相信她有能力解决这个问题。 8. consequence n.结果；后果结果；后果 consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的随之发生的；作为结果的 As a consequnce/consequently, he had to flee Germany. 结果, 他不得不逃离德国。 【词块积累】 (1)as a consequence因此, 结果 in consequence因此; 结果 as a consequence of因此; 由于 (2)conseq
40、uent adj. 随之发生的; 作为结果的 (3)consequently adv. 因此; 所以 【巧学助记】一言识“结果” As a consequence of his illness, he couldnt attend classes. As a consequence/In consequence, he fell behind his classmates. 由于生病, 他不能上课。结果, 他落后于他的同班同学。 【即学活用】用consequence的适当形式填空 (1)_, end users are unable to modify the installation in
41、any way. (2)As a _ he was a burden to her, something she was forced to look after. Consequently consequence 9. take up a position 担任；任职担任；任职 教材原句教材原句 He finally took up a position as a researcher. 要点必记要点必记 ntake up a competitive sport 从事竞技性运动项目 ntake up a new hobby 开始一项新的爱好 ntake up too much of your
42、 time 占用你太多的时间 10. encounter v. 遇见；偶然碰到遇见；偶然碰到 =come across 教材原句教材原句 In fact, Einstein often encountered people on the street She was the most remarkable woman he had ever encountered. 她是他所见到过的最出色的女性。 【词块积累】 remark n. 注意; 言辞vi. 谈论 remarkably adv. 显著地; 非常地; 引人注目地 *Does the writer sum up how he/she fe
43、els about this person? 作者是否总结了他/她对这个人的感觉? *My meaning, in sum, is that you must stay. 简单地说, 我的意思就是你必须留下来 11. sum up 总结；概括总结；概括 【词块积累】 sum up总结; 概述; 计算的总数 in sum 总而言之; 大体上 a large sum of 一大笔; 大量的 1.physiology:生理学、生理机能生理学、生理机能 physicial身体的、物理的身体的、物理的 biology生物学、生理生物学、生理 mit vt.承诺、保证承诺、保证vi.忠于；全心全意投入忠于
44、；全心全意投入 committed adj.尽心尽的，坚定的，坚信的尽心尽的，坚定的，坚信的 commitment n.承诺；许诺；允诺承担；保证承诺；许诺；允诺承担；保证;献身，奉献，投入献身，奉献，投入 3.academy n.研究院、学会、专科院校研究院、学会、专科院校 academic adj.学业的、学术的学业的、学术的 4.objective n.目标、目的目标、目的 adj.客观的客观的 object n.物体；物品；东西物体；物品；东西 ;目的；目标目的；目标 vi.不同意；不赞成；反对不同意；不赞成；反对 objection n.反对的理由；反对；异议反对的理由；反对；异议 5.botanical adj.植物学的植物学的 botany n.植物学植物学 6.scientific adj.科学上的、关于科学的科学上的、关于科学的 science n.科学、技术科学、技术 scientist 科学家科学家 7.conclusion n.结论、推论结论、推论 conclude v.断定；推断出；得出结论断定；推断出；得出结论；使）结束，终止；使）结束，终止 8.novel n.小说小说 adj.新颖的新颖的 novelist n.小说家小说家
