1、UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT Words and expressions(2) Revision of words physiology genius evaluate wear and tear objective take up a position sum up mourn acknowledge defeat peculiarity photoelectric analyse infer patent remarkable encounter consequence doctorate circumstance distinct apparently dev
2、ice draft conclusion numerous extract extraordinary found obtain passion property Learn the new words 1.mostly adv. 主要地; 一般地 1)most或most of是大多数的,大部分的,几乎全部的之意,相当于 nearly all,前面不用冠词;但most of后名词前必须加冠词.例如: Most people think as I do about the matter. Most of the students had left when he came. 2)mostly主要
3、地,多半地,相当于mainly.例如: He uses his bike mostly for going to school. The students are mostly young people between the ages of sixteen and twenty. 3).almost强调“差一点就”（=very nearly）,可用于no, none, nothing等前面，但nearly不可。almost不能用not修饰。 nearly表示“接近”。常可与almost换用，但在具体数字前常用 nearly. not修饰nearly 意为“远非”，“远不及”。 如： He a
4、lmost knocked me down before he saw me. 他看到我之前差点把我撞倒。 Almost no one(=Hardly anyone)believes her. 几乎没有人相信她。 He said almost nothing worth listening to. 他说几乎没什么值得听的东西。 They are nearly at the end of their journey. 他们快结束旅行了。 练习: 1).Researchers say _ dog owners get plenty of exercise- _ with their dogs. A
5、. mostly ; most B. more ; more C. most ; mostly D most ; most C 2). What _ surprised them was that the village was _ of mud houses. A. most; mostly B. mostly; almost C. almost; mostly D. mostly; most 3). Among them I like this kind of food _, for it is _ sugar and water. A. best, mostly B. best, mos
6、t C. most, best D. most, mostly 4). College students like pop music _ . So the pop fans are _ young students. A. mostly.mostly B. most.most C. most. mostlyD. mostly. most A A C Wear and tear is the damage or change that is caused to something when it is being used normally. e.g. The truck shows scar
7、cely any sign of wear and tear. 这辆卡车基本上没有什么磨损。 wear and tear (正常使用造成的) 磨损; 损耗 conclude draw/reach/come to/arrive at a/the conclusion 得出结论得出结论 In conclusion, we draw a conclusion. 最终，我们得出了结论。最终，我们得出了结论。 in conclusion conclusion n. 结论;结束 最后最后;总之总之at last; finally in a word vt. 环境; 状况 _在情况下 _绝不；一点儿也不 W
8、e oppose capital punishment _. 无论在什么情况下，我们都不赞成死刑。 你绝对不可以出去。(倒装) _ under/in.circumstances under/in no circumstances under/in any circumstances Under/In no circumstances can you go out. 6. novelist n. 小说家小说家 novel n. (长篇长篇)小说小说 adj. 新颖的新颖的; 新的新的; 与众不同的与众不同的 Helen is a very well-known novelist in Austr
9、alia 海伦是澳大利亚非常著名的小说家。 The novel is based on a true story. 这部小说是根据真实的故事写成的 a novel feature 新特征 7.flow n. 流流; 流动流动; 流畅流畅; 供应供应v. 流流; 流动流动 过去式：过去式： flowed 过去分词：过去分词： flowed When the gate is raised, the water can flow freely. 闸门提起时水就可以畅流。 Ensure there is a free flow of air around the machine. 要确保机器周围空气畅
10、通。 fly v.飞;飞翔;(在空中或宇宙)飞行，航行;(乘飞行器或航天器) 航行，飞行 n.蝇;苍蝇; 过去式： flew 过去分词： flown 8.found vt.建立 n. foundation n.地基;房基;基础 founder（人） n.(组织、机构等的)创建者，创办者，发起人 (1) The Peoples Republic of China was _ in 1949. (2) The year of 1949 saw the _ of the Peoples Republic of China . (3) After the end of the civil war, t
11、he poor boy was finally _ by his family. 动词过去式过去分词意思 foundfoundedfounded成立 findfoundfound发现、找到 founded foundation found 9. infer vt. 推断; 推定 【refer, infer, prefer, occur, stir, star 等 要双写r后, 再 加ed/ing; offer, suffer不双写,直接加ed/ing】 I inferred from the article that the pilot was responsibl e for the acc
12、ident. 我从这篇文章推断，飞行员应对事故负责。 10. politician n. 从政者从政者; 政治家政治家; 政客政客 political adj. 政治的政治的; 党派的党派的 politics n. 政治政治 As a politician, he modelled himself on Churchill. 作为一位从政者，他以邱吉尔为榜样。 11.theory n.理论，学说 Darwins theory of evolution 达尔文进化论 The theory of relativity 相对论 【拓展】 1. in theory 理论上 （反：in practice
13、/reality/fact 实践中/实际上/事实上) 2. theorist n.理论家 theoretical adj. 理论上的 theoretically adv. 理论上 12. genius n. 天才天才; 天资天资; 天赋天赋 辨析辨析genius, gift, talent 三三个词都有个词都有“天赋，才能天赋，才能”之之意意 1）genius程度最高，“最全面的天才” 也指“有天才的人” Li Bai was a great genius. 2）gift侧重“天赋”He has a gift for music. 3）talent侧重“才能”He showed great t
14、alent in language. talent n. 天才，才干，人才，才能 have a talent for有的才能 talented adj.有才能的，天资高的 be talented/gifted in在有天赋 talentless adj.没有天赋的，无才能的 My sister has a talent for music. 13. patent n. 专利专利; 专利专利证书证书; 获得专利获得专利 adj. 有专利的有专利的; 受专利保护受专利保护的的 apply for/obtain/get a patent on/for an invention: 申请/获得发明专利权
15、 apply for/obtain/get a patent on/for.: 申请/获得.专利权 a patent application/law/medicine: 专利申请/专利法/专利药 the US Patent Office 美国专利局 The device was protected by patent . 这一装置受专利保护。 What is the language used in a patent application in china? 在中国申请专利使用什么语言？ Patents and Business Performance: An Empirical Study
16、 on Taiwan Manufacturing Industry 专利权与企业绩效有关吗？ 激情 feeling: n. 感情; 情感 emotion: n. 情感; 情绪 enthusiasm n.热情;热心;热忱;热衷的 事物;激发热情的事物 affection n.喜爱;钟爱;爱情 have a passion for.: 热爱; 酷爱 He spoke with great passion.他发表了热情洋溢的讲话。 Her passion for me has cooled down. 她对我的热情已经冷下来了。 The poets passion moved all his rea
17、ders. 诗人的激情感染了每一个读者。 She had a passion for gardening 她酷爱园艺。 15. doctorate dktrt: n. 博士学位 = doctors degree: 博士学位 bachelors degree学士学位 masters degree硕士学位 take/receive/get/obtain/earn a (ones) doctorate (in.): 获得博士学位 16. extraordinary adj. 不一般的; 非凡的; 意想不到的 extraordinarily adv.非常；格外；异常地 remarkable adj.
18、非凡的; 显著的 remarkably adv. 非常; 极为; 出乎意料地 She was a truly extraordinary woman. 她是位非常杰出的女性。 An extraordinary meeting was held to discuss the problem. 举行了特别会议讨论这个问题。 Its extraordinary that he managed to sleep through the party. 真想不到他竟然从聚会开始一直睡到结束。 e to power=come into power当权;执政 be in power 执政；掌权 (状) los
19、e power 下台 翻译：1933年，爱因斯坦在阿道夫希特勒掌握了大权时 离开了德国。 Einstein left Germany when Adolph Hitler _in 1933.(动作) came to power 联想：请填入适当的名词完成下列短语。 come into _开始使用 come into _ 开始生效 come into _ 形成，产生 being use effect in consequence 因此 as a consequence=as a result of 由于 as a consequence of =in consequece of (1)What
20、will the consequence be if you were caught cheating in the exam? (2)The consequence is that you will be criticized in public. (3) In consequence , You must work hard. 18.consequence n.后果，结果，影响 19. take up a position: 担任担任; 任职任职 =hold a position He left a career in teaching to take up a position with
21、 the Arts Council 他辞去教学工作到艺术委员会任职。他辞去教学工作到艺术委员会任职。 20. peculiarity pkjulirti: n. 个性; 特点; 怪异的性质 personality : n. 性格; 个性 character : n. 特点; 特色; (汉)字; 品格 characteristic ,krktrstk: n. 特点; 特征; 特色 property: n. (正式)特性; 性质,所有物;财产;财物 feature n.特色;特征;特点; 特写，专题节目 v.以为特色;由主演;以为主要组成; Could you find anything in p
22、eculiarity? 你能发现有什么特别的东西吗？ But he has still a peculiarity of temper, of course. 他的确有一些古怪的脾气。 The lack of a written constitution is a peculiarity of the country. 没有一部成文宪法是该国的一大特点。 相似词 particular 21. encounter vt. 偶然碰到; 遇到 n. 邂xi适; 遭遇 come across.: 偶然遇到 run across/into.: 偶然遇到 meet with.: 偶然遇到; 会晤 bump
23、 into 巧遇，碰到 meet sb by chance偶然碰到 happen to meet sb偶然碰到 It was at university that he first encountered Hopkins 他第一次遇见霍普金斯是在上大学的时候。 Did you encounter anyone in the building? 你在大楼里遇到谁了么？ 相似词 count counter account discount 22. mourn vi. 哀悼者，悲伤的人 Today we mourn for all those who died in two world wars.
24、今天，我们向所有在两次世界大战中死难的人表示哀悼。 They mourn the passing of a simpler way of life. 他们对逝去的较为淳朴的生活感到惋惜。 large sums of money sumsmn. 总数，总计 23. sum v. 总结; 概括 n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 总和 sum up: 总结; 概括 to sum up: 概括地说 1). In sum, the two countries are now true economic partners 总而言之，两国目前是真正的经济合作伙伴。 2). You owe a certain person a sum of money 你欠某人一笔钱。 3).To sum up , there are three main ways of settling the problem 概括起来说，这一问题主要有三种解决办法 Thanks for watching 请输入您的标题
