1、1 根据首字母提示填写适当词的正确形式。 Unit1 People of Achievement TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE This years Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co-winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a c_ new treatment for malaria. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands
2、of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600, 000 die from it. Artemisinin has become a v_ part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alone. Tu Youyou, a c
3、ommitted and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists wi
4、th the o_ of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chin
5、ese medical texts to find traditional b_ treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2, 000 old medical texts, and e_ 280, 000 plants for their medical p_. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 d_ ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malari
6、a. One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever. Tus team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried b_ fresh wormwood, and using the l_ o_ from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Th
7、eir project got stuck. However, Tu Youyou would not a_ d_. She a_ the medical texts again, and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood a_ destroyed its medical properties. Using a lower temperature to draw out
8、the extract, she found a s_ that worked. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even i_ on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. This
9、 medicine，which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. According to Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people
10、of my country. This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for Chinas s_ research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.” 2 Unit2 Looking Into the Future Reading and ThinkingP14 SMART HOMES TO MAKE LIFE EASIER Have you ever forgotten to lo
11、ck the door of your house? Or, have you ever forgotten to s_ off the TV or computer? These kinds of things happen to us all the time, waste resources, and can sometimes lead to problems. However, in the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we a
12、re away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget. These smart homes will keep us s_, save us energy, and provide a more comfortable environment to live in. Intelligent Controls Today, we have to use switches for our lights, knobs for our appliances, and r_ controls for our TVs and air condit
13、ioners. In the future, we will be using advanced technology every day for a_ control of just about everything in our home. The future home will use i_ sensors to tell when you leave home each morning, and then go into an energy-e_ m_ all by itself. You will no longer have to think about turning swit
14、ches on and off yourself. Your home will also learn your daily r_ and p_, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. Your lights will come on the i_ you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you. A
15、ll controls will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey. Regular Health Checks In addition, your smart home will be monitoring your health for you every day. Your bed, for example, will record how well you slee
16、p every night. It will also be checking your body weight. If you start to have sleep or weight problems, it will send a w_ to your phone. It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep better. Smart toilets will be keeping constant track of your health as well. They can warn
17、you early on if there is something a_ or if you have a c_ illness, such as c_, and potentially save your life. No More Disasters Smart homes will be able to prevent serious damage from accidents. For example, if a water pipe starts l_, or if there is a short in the electrical wiring, your smart home
18、 will d_ it and provide you with the r_ information. This way, you will be able to fix the problem before your home becomes flooded or catches fire. This smart technology is not a f_. Many of these new i_ are already a_ and being used in some homes. In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the
19、 home of today. N_, it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology. 3 Unit3 Fascinating Parks Sarek National Park-Europes Hidden Natural Treasurep26 1 ASummer Where the Sun Never Sleeps I wake up to the sound of the wind b_ the c_ of my tent. Even though the sun is br
20、ightly shining, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible. Im above the Arctic Circle, where in summer the sun never sets. Checking my watch, I see that it is 7: 30 a.m. I leave my tent and walk over to the mountain e_. Spreading out before me, branches of the Rapa River flow through the
21、v_ below. Im in the remote far north of Sweden in Sarek National Park, a place with no roads or towns. 2 ALand of Mountain and Ice Sareks mountains used to be covered by v_ sheets of ice. Around 9, 000 years ago, this ice melted, leaving behind about 100 glaciers. Soon after, reindeer began to arriv
22、e. Following the reindeer were the Sami people, who made this t_ their home. Getting here is quite difficult, so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek. In 1909, Sarek was made a national park in order to keep the land in its natural state. Though the Sami are allowed to continue t
23、heir traditional way of life in the park, no one else can live here, and all new development is b_ within park b_. At the far side of the valley, an ancient Sami c_is v_. Close by, there are a few reindeer feeding on grass. 3 Man at Peace with Nature For hundreds of years, looking after reindeer was
24、 a way of life for the Sami. They used the reindeers meat for food, their bones for tools, and their skin for making clothes and tents. Since reindeer were always on the move, the Sami would pick up their tents and a_ them. Today, most Sami have houses in villages near Sarek and live a modern life j
25、ust like their neighbours. But every spring, a small number of Sami still follow their reindeer into the valleys of Sarek, living in tents or old cottages and enjoying their traditions. I am not a Sami, but in Sarek Ive a_ some of their habits. For example, this morning my breakfast is flat bread wa
26、rmed over a fire, dried reindeer meat, and some sweet and s_ berries that I found growing near my tent. 4 ALand ofAdventure After breakfast, I pack my bag and set out again. Since I must carry all of my food and supplies with me, my bag weighs about 30 kilograms. If today is anything like yesterday,
27、 it will be full of sweat and hard work as I hike over this difficult land to my destination on the other side of the valley. However, I cannot complain. Being in such a beautiful and wild place makes me feel b_ to be alive. Here I am, alone under this broad sky, breathing the fresh air, and enjoyin
28、g this great adventure. What could be better? 4 Unit4 Body Language Listening and thinkingP38 Listening to How Bodies Talk We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our i_ with other people. We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body la
29、nguage. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings. Just like spoken language, body language v_ from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is a_ to the culture you are in.
30、 For example, making eye contactlooking into someones eyesin some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always a_ of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it may d_
31、 respect to look down when talking to an older person. The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who w_ another person e_ the gesture might think it means money. In France, a person encountering an i_ gesture may i_ it as meaning zero. However, you should a
32、void making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite. Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” d_ around the world. In many countries, shaking ones head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite m
33、eaning. There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part. In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the c_ when they meet. Elsewhere, people f_shaking hands, b_ from the w_, or nodd
34、ing the head when they meet someone else. Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”. A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a mea
35、l. Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can breakdown b_. We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation.
36、 Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 5 Unit5 Working the Land A Pioneer for All PeopleP50 Yuan Longping, _( know) as the “father of h
37、ybridrice”, is one of Chinas most famous _( science). Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has d_ his life. Yuan Longping _ _( 出生在) in 1930 in Beijing. H
38、is parents wanted him to pursue a career in science or medicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious s_ of food to eat. To t_ this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and _(receive) an education at Southwest Agricultural Colleg
39、e in Chongqing. After _(graduate) in 1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to b_ yields in the fields they had. How this could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan was c_that the answer could be found
40、 in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or more varieties of a species. One c_ of hybrids is that they usually a_ a higher yield than c_ crops. However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. The comm
41、on a_ then was that it could not be done. Through i_ effort, Yuan o_enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to e_ their o_greatly. Today, it is e_ that about 60 percent of d_ rice c_ in China is c_ of crops
42、g_ from Yuans hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed Chinas farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. Yuans innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam. Because of his invaluable contributions, Yu
43、an Longping has received numerous awards both in China and abroad. Given that Yuans hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of l_. However, this is far from the case. Deep down, Yuan is still very much a farmer at heart. As a man of the s_, he cares little for
44、c_ or money. Instead, he makes large donations to support agricultural research. What impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfill his dreams. Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each g_ of rice as huge a
45、s a peanut. He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad. His latest v_ for “seawater rice” has also become a r_, and potentially opened up nearly one million square kilometres of s_ land in China for rice production. Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone is waiting to see what he will dream up next.
